CO2／H2和（CO／CO2）＋H2低压合成甲醇催化过程的本质

通过在Ｃｕ／ＺｎＯ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上ＣＯ２＋Ｈ２，ＣＯ＋Ｈ２和（ＣＯ／ＣＯ２）＋Ｈ２催化反应动力学研究对合成甲醇动力学和反应机理进行了细致分析，提出合成甲醇的反应机理，解释了在（ＣＯ／ＣＯ２）＋Ｈ２合成甲醇过程中少量ＣＯ２的作用及合成甲醇的直接碳源。     

提高CO2加氢合成甲醇选择性的研究

在ＣＯ２加氢合成甲醇的原料气中，掺入适量的ＣＯ，能相对提高ＣＯ２加氢合成甲醇的选择性和产率，它们分别为１３２％和３５％，ＴＰＤ和ＴＰＳＲ－ＭＳ实验表明，ＣＯ能占据催化剂表面部分的活性位，并抑制ＣＯ２的逆水汽变换反应，从而促进甲醇的合成。     

制备方法对超细Cu／ZnO／Al2O3催化剂上CO2＋H2合成甲醇的影响

制备方法对超细Ｃｕ／ＺｎＯ／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３催化剂上ＣＯ_２＋Ｈ_２合成甲醇的影响张玉龙，王欢，邓景发（复旦大学化学系，上海，２００４３３）关键词超细粒子，合成甲醇，Ｃｕ／ＺｎＯ／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３催化剂，ＣＯ_２＋Ｈ_２ＣＯ２＋Ｈ２合成甲醇是目前的热门课题［１～...     

Cu－Co催化剂催化CO_2合成醇的原位红外表征及其反应机理

本文采用＂原位＂红外光谱结合ＸＰＳ和ＸＲＤ比较了ＣｕＣｒＫ、ＣｏＣｒＫ和ＣｕＣｏＣｒＫ三种催化剂在２．５ＭＰａ，２７０℃条件下，ＣＯ_２＋Ｈ_２合成醇的中间体及其演变过程；初步探讨了Ｃｕ－Ｃｏ催化剂中活性金属的作用、氧化物的作用、以及甲醇合成机理和碳链增长机理。研究结果表明，Ｃｕ是最主要的合成甲醇活性组分，Ｃｏ能够导致ＣＯ_２离解吸附，而碳链增长则需要二者的协同作用。吸附在金属表面的甲酸盐是甲醇合成的中间体，ＣＯ插入表面其它基团是碳链增长的关键步骤，一定量的氧化物的存在对Ｃｕ基催化剂合成甲醇活性是必不可少的，能够起到稳定表面甲酸盐的作用。     

钾助剂对Cu/ZrO2合成甲醇催化剂活性的影响

考察了钾助剂对Ｃｕ／ＺｒＯ２合成甲醇催化剂活性的影响，发现添加适量的钾可以显著提高对ＣＯ／２Ｈ２合成甲醇反应的活性，同时使生成ＣＯ２的选择性略有提高。ＸＰＳ和ＴＰＲ结果显示，钾呈现出给电子效应，钾的助剂作用可能是通过调节反应气体中ＣＯ２的含量而实现的。     

超细Cu-ZnO-ZrO2催化剂上甲醇合成的TPSR和TPD研究

采用ＭＳ－ＴＰＳＲ和ＭＳ－ＴＰＤ技术在不同粒度的超细Ｃｕ－ＺｎＯ－ＺｒＯ２催化上考查了ＣＯ２和ＣＯ加氢合成甲醇的反应过程和吸附活化特征。研究表明,ＣＯ２和ＣＯ都可以直接加氢合成甲醇。     

Cu—Co催化剂催化CO2合成醇的原位红外表征及其反应机理

本文采用“原位”红外光谱结合ＸＰＳ和ＸＲＤ比较了ＣｕＣｒｋ、ＣｏＣｒＫ和ＣｕＣｏＣｒＫ三种催化剂在２．５ＭＰａ，２７０℃条件下，ＣＯ２＋Ｈ２合成醇的中间体及其演变过程；初步探讨了Ｃｕ－Ｃｏ催化剂中活性金属的作用、氧化物的作用、以及甲醇合成机理和碳链增长机理。研究结果表明，Ｃｕ是最主要的合成甲醇活性组分，Ｃｏ能够导致ＣＯ２离解吸附，而碳链增长则需要二者的协同作用。吸附在金属表面的甲酸盐是甲醇合成的中     

CO／H2合成甲醇CuO—ZnO—ZrO2催化剂的研究

通过活性测定，ＸＲＤ、ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ表征，考察了共沉淀法制备的铜锌锆合成甲醇催化剂中ＺｒＯ２对物相结构、催化活性及热稳定性的影响。结果表明，ＺｒＯ２能显著提高ＣＯ／Ｈ２合成甲醇的催化活性和热稳定性。催化剂母体、氧化态和还原态的物相并未发生变化，仍分别为：Ｃｕ２（ＯＨ）３ＮＯ３，（Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ）５（ＣＯ３）２（ＯＨ）６，（Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ）２ＣＯ３（ＯＨ）２，Ｚｎ５（ＣＯ３）２（ＯＨ）６；ＣｕＯ、ＺｎＯ；Ｃｕ     

低碳醇合成中异丁醇形成机理及提高其收率的途径

在压力１０ＭＰａ，温度３６０～４２０℃，尾气空速３０００～７０００ｈ￣（－１）的反应条件下，采用分别富集甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇和异丙醇的方法，研究Ｚｎ－Ｃｒ－Ｋ氧化物催化剂上异丁醇的形成机理，并探讨利用甲醇循环提高其收率的可能性。结果表明，低碳醇的形成是以碳链增长形式进行的，ＣＯＨ→ＣＣＯｏＨ慢的α－加成反应是链增长的起始步骤，也是低碳醇合成反应的控制步骤，β－加成是生成低碳醇的特征反应，ＣＯＨ→ＣＣＯＨ→ＣＣＣＯＨ→ＣＣ（ＣＨ＿３）ＣＯＨ是异丁醇的形成机理。甲醇富集对提高异丁醇收率有明显的促进作用，采用甲醇循环技术提高异丁醇收率是可行的。     

清洁及氧修饰Cu（100）表面上CO2加氢制甲醇反应的能量学

分别以清洁及氧悠Ｃｕ（１００）表面作为金属态铜和部分氧化态铜的表面模拟，用键级守恒－Ｍｏｒｅｓ势法研究了两种表面上ＣＯ２加氢制甲醇反应的能量学，计算结果表明，在两种表面上，ＣＯ２加氢制甲醇反应的优势反应途径均为“ＣＯ２，ｓ→ＨＣＯＯｓ→Ｈ２ＣＯｓ→ＣＨ３Ｏｓ→ＣＨ３ＯＨｓ”与清洁铜表面上的相应基元步骤相比，在Ｃｕ（１００）－ｐ（２×２）Ｏ表面上甲醇合成反应各基元步骤具有更低的活化能；ＨＣＯＯｓ是含     

甲醇浓度对被动式自呼吸直接甲醇燃料电池性能的影响

依据单电池测试结果和甲醇传质理论考察了甲醇溶液的浓度对被动式自呼吸直接甲醇燃料电池（DMFC）性能的影响.研究结果表明,电池的法拉第效率和能量转化效率会随着浓度的增大而降低,采用4mol/L的甲醇溶液实现了最大的放电功率13.9mW/cm^2,并能在60mA下稳定放电长达20h.这取决于电池运行过程中电极内部的甲醇传质和甲醇透过的共同作用.     

Optimization of methanol biosynthesis byMethylosinus trichosporium OB3b: An approach to improve methanol accumulation

Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b is a methanotrophic bacterium containing methane mono-oxygenase, catalyzing hydroxylation of methane to methanol. When methane is oxidized, the product is subsequently oxidized by methanol dehydrogenase contained in the same bacterium. To prevent further oxidation of methanol, the cell suspension was treated by cyclopropanol, an irreversible inhibitor for methanol dehydrogenase, leading to extracellular methanol accumulation. However, the reaction was terminated at approx 3 h with a final methanol concentration below 2.96 mmol/g dry cell. The methanol production efficiency (the ratio of the produced methanol per methane consumption) was 2.90%. By selecting the culture conditions and the reaction conditions, the reaction continued for 100 h, resulting in a methanol concentration of 152 mmol/g dry cell. This level was 51 times higher than that of the conventional reaction, and the methanol production efficiency was 61%.     

甲醇缩合生成二甲醚的质谱和量子化学研究

利用质谱分析结果结合量子化学abinitio方法,研究甲醇缩合脱水的反应过程.研究表明,在气相中,甲醇分子主要以二聚体和多聚体的形式存在,据此提出甲醇脱水反应的原始反应物是甲醇二聚体,而不是单个甲醇分子.研究了气相甲醇二聚体、过渡态的能量和结构、甲醇脱水生成二甲醚反应的可能反应途径和反应势垒,对甲醇缩合脱水生成二甲醚的反应性及其影响因素作了讨论.     

Highly selective adsorption of methanol in carbon nanotubes immersed in methanol-water solution

The systems of open-ended carbon nanotubes (CNTs) immersed in methanol-water solution are studied by molecular dynamics simulations. For the (6,6) CNT, nearly pure methanol is found to preferentially occupy interior space of the CNT. Even when the mass fraction (MF) of methanol in bulk solution is as low as 1%, the methanol MF within the CNT is still more than 90%. For CNTs with larger diameters, the methanol concentrations within CNTs are also much higher than those outside CNTs. The methanol selectivity decreases with increasing CNT diameter, but not monotonically. From microscopic structural analyses, we find that the primary reason for the high selectivity of methanol by CNTs lies on high preference of methanol in the first solvation shell near the inner wall of CNT, which stems from a synergy effect of the van der Waals interaction between CNT and the methyl groups of methanol, together with the hydrogen bonding interaction among the liquid molecules. This synergy effect may be of general significance and extended to other systems, such as ethanol aqueous solution and methanol/ethanol mixture. The selective adsorption of methanol over water in CNTs may find applications in separation of water and methanol, detection of methanol, and preservation of methanol purity in fuel cells.     

高效液相色谱仪蒸发光散射检测器校准用标准物质的选择

对高效液相色谱蒸发光散射检测器(ELSD)校准用标准样品蔗糖–甲醇溶液和对乙酰氨基酚–甲醇溶液进行了研究。实验表明,用蔗糖–甲醇溶液和对乙酰氨基酚–甲醇溶液校准具有ELSD的高效液相色谱仪,其保留时间、峰面积、最低检测浓度3个参数均符合检定校准用标准物质要求。但蔗糖–甲醇溶液色谱峰的对称性差且响应值明显低于对乙酰氨基酚–甲醇溶液,因此用后者作为ELSD检校用标准物质更适合。     

Reaction of molecular and atomic deuterium with methanol on Pd(111)

Multiplexed thermal desorption spectroscopy was used to study the influence of preadsorbed and postadsorbed deuterium on a methanol monolayer on Pd(111). In particular, the effect of atomic deuterium exposure on the reaction products was examined in detail. Preadsorbed deuterium hinders the formation of chemisorbed methanol and favors physisorption of methanol. This leads to a strong reduction of methanol dehydrogenation during sample heating. Postadsorption of molecular deuterium also changes partially chemisorbed to physisorbed methanol. No deuteration of methanol is found under these conditions. With atomic deuterium exposure, however, significant amounts of deuterated methanol, from methanol-D1 through methanol-D4, can be produced. In addition, D exposure also causes an increased dehydrogenation probability during sample heating. The probabilities for methanol deuteration, for methanol dehydrogenation, and for D-atom bulk absorption have been determined quantitatively.     

聚异丙基丙烯酰胺高分子在甲醇水溶液中溶解性的拉曼光谱研究

通过测量-13℃(低于低临界溶解温度(LCST))时聚异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAM)高分子在甲醇水溶液中的拉曼光谱非一致效应(NCE),试图从PNIPAM与溶剂分子间的相互作用角度理解PNIPAM的溶解性.通过比较甲醇水溶液中加入PNIPAM前后甲醇分子C-O伸缩所对应的NCE变化,我们认为:甲醇摩尔分数(x)在1.0-0.90范围内,PNIPAM优先吸附甲醇分子;x=0.80-0.50时,PNIPAM优先吸附水分子;而x=0.50-0.20时,PNIPAM破坏了甲醇与水所形成的三元环稳定结构.进一步比较加入PNIPAM或其单元结构--异丙基丙酰胺(NIPPA)对甲醇水溶液NCE的影响,发现PNIPAM通过链段间的疏水协同作用吸附了甲醇分子.我们认为在甲醇水溶液的低浓度区间,这种协同作用破坏了甲醇与水形成的三元环团簇结构,而当温度升高时这种结构又重新形成,导致了PNIPAM在甲醇水溶液中的混致不溶现象.     

Hydrogen and methanol exchange processes for (TMP)Rh-OCH3(CH3OH) in binary solutions of methanol and benzene

Tetramesityl porphinato rhodium(III) methoxide ((TMP)Rh-OCH(3)) binds with methanol in benzene to form a 1:1 methanol complex ((TMP)Rh-OCH(3)(CH(3)OH)) (1). Dynamic processes are observed to occur for the rhodium(III) methoxide methanol complex (1) that involve both hydrogen and methanol exchange. Hydrogen exchange between coordinated methanol and methoxide through methanol in solution results in an interchange of the environments for the non-equivalent porphyrin faces that contain methoxide and methanol ligands. Interchange of the environments of the coordinated methanol and methoxide sites in 1 produces interchange of the inequivalent mesityl o-CH(3) groups, but methanol ligand exchange occurs on one face of the porphyrin and the mesityl o-CH(3) groups remain inequivalent. Rate constants for dynamic processes are evaluated by full line shape analysis for the (1)H NMR of the mesityl o-CH(3) and high field methyl resonances of coordinated methanol and methoxide groups in 1. The rate constant for interchange of the inequivalent porphyrin faces is associated with hydrogen exchange between 1 and methanol in solution and is observed to increase regularly with the increase in the mole fraction of methanol. The rate constant for methanol ligand exchange between 1 and the solution varies with the solution composition and fluctuates in a manner that parallels the change in the activation energy for methanol diffusion which is a consequence of solution non-ideality from hydrogen bonded clusters.     

Structure of methanol confined in MCM-41 investigated by large-angle X-ray scattering technique

Large-angle X-ray scattering (LAXS) measurements over a temperature range from 223 to 298 K have been made on methanol confined in mesoporous silica MCM-41 with two different pore diameters, 28 A (C14) and 21 A (C10), under both monolayer and capillary-condensed adsorption conditions. To compare the structure of methanol in the MCM-41 pores with that of bulk methanol, X-ray scattering intensities for bulk methanol in the same temperature range have also been measured. The radial distribution functions (RDFs) for the monolayer methanol samples showed that methanol molecules are strongly hydrogen bonded to the silanol groups on the MCM-41 surface, resulting in no significant change in the structure of adsorbed methanol with respect to the pore size and temperature. On the other hand, the RDFs for the capillary-condensed methanol samples showed that hydrogen-bonded chains of methanol molecules are formed in both pores. However, the distance and number of hydrogen bonds estimated from the RDFs suggested that hydrogen bonds between methanol molecules in the pores are significantly distorted or partly disrupted. It has been found that the hydrogen bonds are more distorted in the smaller pores of MCM-41. With decreasing temperature, however, the hydrogen-bonded chains of methanol in the pores were gradually ordered. A comparison of the present results on methanol in MCM-41 pores with those on water in the same pores revealed that the structural change with temperature is less significant for confined methanol than for confined water.