全钒液流电池碳电极材料的研究进展

近年来,全钒液流电池作为一种大规模储能装置,其电极材料得到了广泛的研究,并且获得了一定的进展.本文简述了全钒液流电池对电极材料的要求,综述了其电极材料的研究进展,重点介绍了碳电极及其改性方面的工作,并对其电极材料的发展趋势进行了展望.     

环境监测站实验室产生的污染物的控制和处理

指出了环境监测站实验室产生的污染物虽属一类小型的污染源,但其涉及范围较广,因此,对其控制及处理不容忽视。文中还对此类污染物的特征作了较详细的阐述,并对其控制措施及处理方法提出了建议。     

有机--无机纳米复合材料的制备方法

本文综述了无机--有机纳米复合材料的制备方法,介绍了其结构和性质,并展望了其应用前景.     

新型苯并噻唑类离子液体的合成及其理化性质研究

以苯并噻唑为原料,采用"一锅"法合成了一系列新型的苯并噻唑类离子液体,其结构经1H NMR和MS表征。系统考察了其密度、溶解性、电导率、吸水性等理化性质,发现了其结构对理化性质有不同程度的影响。     

盐包合材料在高温熔盐体系中的合成及其潜在应用

盐包合材料 (Salt-Inclusion Materials, SIMs) 是一类具有独特的主体结构和客体盐组合的新型无机晶体材料,其具有特定的多孔结构、可填充性和灵活多变的拓扑结构而引起了研究者们的兴趣。SIMs的合成具有很大的挑战性,大部分都是偶然生长所得,为将其发展为可应用的材料,理解其合成规律、晶体化学及其相关性能非常重要。本文综述了近年来文献报道的高温熔盐法合成得到的典型SIMs,从晶体框架结构对其分类,针对一些结构独特的SIMs进行了重点讨论并总结其特点。最后,本文介绍了SIMs在环境、光电、热电和荧光领域的潜在应用。对于其未来发展,仍需进一步研究SIMs晶体化学以探索其性能及应用。     

银纳米粒子的合成及其在喷墨打印电路中的应用

银纳米粒子在光学、电磁学和生物相容性等方面所具有的独特优点,使其在一系列领域得到了广泛的应用。本文综述了银纳米粒子的合成方法,以及其作为喷墨打印材料在电路制备中的应用,并展望了其发展前景。     

21世纪的绿色食品包装材料——可食性包装材料

介绍了新型绿色环保可食性包装材料的特性,并按其制备来源进行了分类,对其现存问题及发展趋势作了概要阐述。     

河北水葱挥发油的GC-MS分析

水葱(Scipus Validus Vahl.)为莎草科植物,具有渗湿利尿的作用,其成分尚未见报道。本文首次利用GC-MS对其挥发性成分进行了分析,初步鉴定了18种,并利用峰面积归一化法对其各成分相对含量进行了测定。     

新型含铽共聚物的合成及其电致发光研究

将稀土金属Tb配合物单体与N-乙烯基咔唑（NVK）以及甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）共聚, 合成了一种含Tb配合物的新型聚合物PKMTb, 并以红外光谱、紫外光谱表征了其光谱特性, 研究了其荧光特性和能量转移机制. 利用这种聚合物成功地制成了单层电致发光器件ITO/PKMTb/Al, 其具有半导体二极管的电流-电压特性, 在正相偏压下发绿光, 并探讨了其电致发光机理.     

聚合物负载纳米材料及其在催化领域的应用

纳米材料几何尺寸小、比表面积大,具有广阔的应用前景。 以聚合物负载纳米材料能抑制其聚集、提高稳定性,更好地实现其功能。 本文总结了聚合物负载纳米材料的制备方法,探讨了这些复合材料在催化领域中的应用,并对其发展趋势作了总结和展望。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。