TPACK视野下“整合技术的化学教学知识”的案例研究——以“氨”为例

以国外对TPACK进行的相关研究及成果为基础,选择中学化学学科作为切入点,从理论研究的视角提出了"整合技术的化学教学知识(TPCHK)"结构模型,并分析其内涵。同时,以中学一线教学实践为基础,从实践微观的视角,通过对"氨"一课教学实践的案例分析,详细讨论了教师应具备的TPCHK结构,为TPACK在我国本土化学学科中的教学实践研究提供参考。     

化学教师的TPACK结构及建构策略

随着教师职业的不断发展,教师进行有效教学的核心就是发展他们的TPACK,化学教师的TPACK主要包括:扎实科学的化学学科知识、信息技术与化学教学整合目的的统领性观念、信息技术与化学教学整合的课程资源和课程组织知识、关于信息技术与化学教学整合的学生理解和学生误解知识、信息技术与化学教学整合的教学策略和教学表征知识。化学教师TPACK建构的基本策略有:形成TPACK的教学意识、观摩培训、亲自参与教学、提升整合转化能力、多渠道多种方式丰富TPACK资源。     

化学师范生手持技术接受度与TPACK的相关性研究

以技术接受度模型(Technology Acceptance Model, TAM)与TPACK(Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge,整合信息技术、教学法、学科内容的知识结构)理论为基础,以手持技术为技术接受度模型与TPACK中的技术对象,利用结构方程模型调查研究H大学化学师范生的手持技术接受度与TPACK的相关性。研究发现：(1)化学师范生对手持技术的行为意愿、感知易用性、主观规范正向影响TPACK的发展;(2)化学师范生对手持技术的感知有用性与自我效能正向影响行为意愿,并能通过行为意愿间接影响TPACK的发展。最后,基于研究结果,提出发挥示范引领作用、重视优质资源的整合应用等提升化学师范生手持技术TPACK的4条建议。     

基于TPACK研究手持技术在中学化学课堂教学的应用现状

为了解中学化学教师对手持技术的应用水平和影响因素。以整合技术的学科教学知识（TPACK）理论为依据,创新性地将境脉（Context）因素引入TPACK调查中进行问卷设计,并对来自于全国16个省直辖市的187位教师进行了网络问卷调查,同时采用SPSS软件对问卷进行信效度评价,采用SPSS AMOS对问卷进行探索性因子分析,并对调查结果进行分析。研究结果显示中学化学教师手持技术TPACK量表结构模型较好,能够用于评价中学化学教师的手持技术应用水平;中学化学教师手持技术应用情况良好,但是与性别、教龄、学校类别有显著关系。针对研究结果,提出提高中学化学教师手持技术应用水平的发展建议,以期提高中学化学教师手持技术在中学化学教学的应用水平。     

我国化学教育类硕士的TPACK现状调查与分析

为在宏观上了解化学教育类硕士是否具有进行有效技术整合所必需的知识,基于TPACK提供的知识框架,对我国230名化学教育类硕士的TPACK水平及影响因素进行调查。结果表明,化学教育类硕士TPACK呈中等偏上水平;学术型硕士的TPACK水平高于专业型硕士;学习经历和实践经历对TPACK各要素有不同程度的影响;学习能力对TPACK的发展无显著影响;TPK、TCK和CK是影响TPACK发展的主要因素。在此基础上,提出了提升TPACK水平的相关策略。     

以化学学科思想方法为统领的课堂教学模式探讨

化学学科思想方法是化学知识的高级形式,可以统领化学教学.在实践研究的基础上,形成了以学科思想方法整合教学内容,以核心知识为主干组织教学活动的"整体-部分-整体"教学模式.     

以乙醇为主线的“化学方程式”单元复习课教学

分析了九年级化学“化学方程式”的有关教研类文献,提出在单元复习阶段要基于学科思想系统整合教学内容,以乙醇为教学主线,在知识之间进行整体性联通,引导学生深度思考,提高学科知识的整合能力,帮助学生建构学科观念,呈现了可借鉴的教学设计。     

中学化学骨干教师TPACK知识的实证研究

调查了85名接受“国培计划”的中学化学骨干教师的TPACK知识的结构与水平,同时探讨了TPACK 7因子与设计思维、设计能力的关系,并测查教师的TPACK是否存在显著性的性别差异。     

化学师范生的TPACK与化学认识信念及其关系研究

测查246名化学师范生的TPACK与化学认识信念的结构与水平,并使用结构方程模型进一步探查2者的关系。结果表明,师范生的化学TPACK尚属中等水平,其化学认识信念为建构主义知识观取向,化学认识信念的5个维度对TPACK均有显著的预测作用。     

浅谈药学专业有机化学教学中的专题渗透

为使学生能够及时地了解学科进展 ,掌握更多有用的新知识 ,可在教学中进行专题渗透 ,以适应新教材编写往往落后于化学发展进程的客观现实。文中以环糊精主客体包合物的学科进展及笔者近期研究实践为例介绍了进行专题渗透的一点体会     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.