山东藤州西公桥遗址人骨的元素分析

对山东滕州西公桥遗址18个墓葬人骨进行了元素分析, 建立了判断骨骼是否污染的各项指标, 如Ca/P比值、 Ca和P含量、 Al和Fe含量及相关性检验、 Ba和Mn相关性以及lg(Sr/Ca)和lg(Ba/Ca)相关性。上述指标的综合分析, 表明该遗址人骨均不同程度地受到了污染, 不能用作古代人类食谱分析.     

Analysis of sewage sludge and cover soil by neutron activation analysis

The Korean government reported that in 2005, 4395 tons/day of sewage sludge were generated from sewage disposal facilities in Korea and only 11.03% of it was reused. In addition, as a direct landfill of sewage sludge was forbidden from June 2003, research for a relevant disposal technique has been increasing. In this study, the aims were to analyze the collected sewage sludge samples and to evaluate the possibility for their reuse by a comparison of the elemental contents from a sewage sludge and a cover soil. Sludge samples were collected from a sewage disposal plant in Daejeon city and the cover soil was produced by a dilution of a sewage sludge with quicklime. Instrumental neutron activation analysis was employed to determine the elemental contents in the samples. Twenty seven elements were analyzed and their concentrations were compared.     

Development of methodologies for the analysis of uranium ores by k 0-instrumental neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - Analytical methodologies were developed for the determination of elemental contents in four uranium ore samples (S-8, S-12, S-13 and S-17) from...     

Measurement of mouse urinary type IV collagen using time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay.

Urinary level of type IV collagen is an important indicator for early renal dysfunction, but there has been no practical system to measure mouse type IV collagen adaptable to extremely small amounts of urine samples. We developed a highly sensitive time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR-FIA) to measure mouse urinary type IV collagen. Based on the structural features of type IV collagen molecule, dithiothreitol (DTT) was used for pretreatment of the samples. This assay permits measurement of 100 pg/ml type IV collagen in 5 microl urine samples. Urinary levels of type IV collagen derived from 12 samples of two different mouse strains (KK/Ta and BALB/c) were measured using this assay. The results demonstrated very clearly the difference in values of urinary type IV collagen between diabetic mice and non-diabetic mice. Compared with the conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), this method requires far smaller volumes of samples, and is best suited to mouse models in future experiments.     

Analysis of archaeological samples by the internal monostandard method of PGAA

Nondestructive determination of major and trace elements within voluminous materials has been demonstrated by prompt γ-ray neutron activation analysis. Some fragmented pieces of pottery bowls considered to have been produced in the late 18th century were analyzed by a new internal monostandard method, and noticeable differences of the elemental contents and significant correlations of the elemental distributions were observed among the samples. The possibility of identification of producing areas of unearthened material is demonstrated by the analytical results and the applicability of this method to the investigation of precious samples in a completely nondestructive way is verified in practice.     

3-Hydroxyhexanoic acid: an abnormal metabolite in urine and serum of diabetic ketoacidotic patients

A new organic acid, 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid, was identified in the urine or serum of five diabetic patients with ketoacidosis. The compound was not detected in the urine and serum of healthy subjects or diabetic patients without ketosis. The compound was also detected in the urine of a non-diabetic ketotic patient with dicarboxylic aciduria, suggesting that the occurrence of the compound is more related to the ketotic state than to "diabetic" ketosis.     

The effect of particle size and metal contents on arsenic distribution in coal-fired fly ash

Fly ash samples were collected from a Chinese power station and divided according to particle size. The solid fly ash samples were digested according to ASTM methods. The arsenic contents of samples with different particle sizes were analyzed using atomic fluorescence spectroscopy after digestion. Other metals were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer after digestion, and the carbon content was analyzed by a CHN elemental analyzer. The results show that the arsenic components are enriched in smaller fly ash particles. The arsenic contents have a positive relationship with calcium, magnesium, and iron contents, which indicate that stable compounds are formed between these components. Thermogravimetric experiments of fly ash samples with different particle sizes were conducted, and the results indicate the combination of calcium hydroxide with arsenic form stable compounds.     

Comparison and determination of elemental composition in Korean space foods using instrumental neutron activation analysis

A quantitative analysis of mineral contents in several kinds of foods is needed to obtain information on a comprehensive elemental composition as well as an investigation on the effects of human health and nutrition based on the dietary intake of mineral elements. In 2012, six kinds of new Korean space foods (KSF) such as sweet pumpkin porridge, dakgalbi (spicy grilled chicken), Manila clam porridge, ox leg bone-cabbage soup, ginseng-chicken porridge, and chicken curry rice were developed by KAERI, and the contents of more than 15 elements in the samples were determined using an instrumental neutron activation analysis. A certified reference material associated with a biological food sample was used for analytical quality control. The analytical results were evaluated according to the elemental concentrations with KSF samples and compared with the reported values. These results will be applied toward the identification of gamma-irradiated foods.     

Determination of the elemental contents in stream sediments collected from Cheongju city by instrumental neutron activation analysis

Sediment samples were collected from seven locations of the MeeHo stream in Cheongju city, strained out by a sieve, dried by an oven and pulverized by an agate mortar. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was applied for the determination of the elemental contents in the sediment samples by using the NAA #1 and #2 irradiation holes of the HANARO research reactor and HPGe gamma-ray spectrometers. Twenty-five elements were determined by a relative method with NIST SRM 2711-Montan Soil and the ranges of the elemental contents for the seven locations were identified. The contamination levels for elements such as As, Ba, Cr, Mn, Fe and Zn were compared with the guidelines of USEPA. The detection limits and combined uncertainties for the hazardous elements such as As, Ba, Cr, Mn, Sb, V and Zn were estimated under the given analytical conditions.     

Coal analysis by means of neutron-, gamma activation analysis and X-ray techniques

The elemental concentration of C, Ca, Fe, Sr, Si, S were determined for 5 borehole brown coal samples by means of NAA, PAA and X-ray techniques. The correlation function between carbon content and the heat values and also between Si, Fe, Ca and Sr contents and ash content are discussed.     

A preliminary study of background concentrations of elements in plants of the Xizang Plateau

A total of 29 major and trace elements have been determined in 43 plant samples collected from the Xizang (Tibet) Plateau using INAA at a SLOWPOKE mini-reactor in order to study elemental background concentration values in Xizang plants. In this paper are reported elemental concentrations of different parts of the plants compared to average values of plants worldwide. The preliminary results suggest that nutritional, plant elements in this region are quite low indicative of a state of malnutrition, while the contents of Al, Ti, Cr and Ba are comparatively high. These findings indicate that the concentrations of most elements in the plants are mainly affected by local soil geochemical characteristics. Some variation in elemental distribution within the plants was also evident: in general, higher concentrations were found in stems compared to roots, and, differences for nutritional elements among the plant species were much greater than found for other elements.     

Diagnostic Classification of Normal Persons and Cancer Patients by Using Neural Network Based on Trace Metal Contents in Serum Samples

IntroductionIt is well known that exposure to toxic substances may cause various cancers. These sub-stances include various organic compounds and inorganic elements. From the viewpoint ofcancer prevention and diagnosis, the studies on the relationship between the cause of cancerand the levels of toxic substances have a great imPOrtance. The correlation between concentra-tions of manganese, copper, zinc, arsenic, njckel, chromium, and iron in serum and bloodsamples and various cancers has been…     

MicroRNA-134-5p and the Extent of Arterial Occlusive Disease Are Associated with Risk of Future Adverse Cardiac and Cerebral Events in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Carotid Artery Stenting for Symptomatic Carotid Artery Disease

There is little known about the prognostic value of serum microRNAs (miRs) in diabetic patients with symptomatic internal carotid artery disease (ICAS) who underwent stent supported angioplasty (PTA) for ICAS. The present study aimed to investigate expression levels of selected miRs for future major adverse cardiac and cerebral events (MACCE) as a marker in diabetic patients following ICAS-PTA. The expression levels of 11 chosen circulating serum miRs were compared in 37 diabetic patients with symptomatic ICAS and 64 control group patients with symptomatic ICAS, but free of diabetes. The prospective median follow-up of 84 months was performed for cardiovascular outcomes. Diabetic patients, as compared to control subjects, did not differ with respect to age (p = 0.159), distribution of gender (p = 0.375), hypertension (p = 0.872), hyperlipidemia (p = 0.203), smoking (p = 0.115), coronary heart disease (p = 0.182), lower extremities arterial disease (LEAD, p = 0.731), and miRs expressions except from lower miR-16-5p (p < 0.001). During the follow-up period, MACCE occurred in 16 (43.2%) diabetic and 26 (40.6%) non-diabetic patients (p = 0.624). On multivariate Cox analysis, hazard ratio (HR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI) for diabetic patients associated with MACCE were miR-134-5p (1.12; 1.05–1.21, p < 0.001), miR-499-5p (0.16; 0.02–1.32, p = 0.089), hs-CRP (1.14; 1.02–1.28; p = 0.022), prior myocardial infarction (8.56, 1.91–38.3, p = 0.004), LEAD (11.9; 2.99–47.9, p = 0.005), and RAS (20.2; 2.4–167.5, p = 0.005), while in non-diabetic subjects, only miR-16-5p (1.0006; 1.0001–1.0012, p = 0.016), miR-208b-3p (2.82; 0.91–8.71, p = 0.071), and hypertension (0.27, 0.08–0.95, p = 0.042) were associated with MACCE. Our study demonstrated that different circulating miRs may be prognostic for MACCE in diabetic versus non-diabetic patients with symptomatic ICAS. Higher expression levels of miR-134 were prognostic for MACCE in diabetic patients, while higher expression levels of miR-16 were prognostic in non-diabetic patients.     

Preparation of activated carbon for mercury capture from chicken waste and coal

Chicken waste and chicken waste blended samples with selected high sulfur coal were used as raw materials for activated carbon preparation. Raw materials were subjected to the preparation procedures of carbonization in a nitrogen atmosphere and activation in a steam atmosphere. The basic properties of the raw materials, chars and activated carbons were investigated by components analysis, surface porosity and thermogravimetric analysis. Two activated carbon samples were selected for elemental mercury capture tests in a lab-scale drop tube reactor with air flow.

The current results show that chicken waste is not a suitable raw material for activated carbon production due to its higher contents of volatile matter and ash. Coal can be used as a carbon carrier for improving the carbon content of products. A low-cost activated carbon was prepared by a co-process of chicken waste and coal, and examining the high capture efficiency for elemental mercury. It suggests that the coal provides a carbon carrier or trap for some active species, such as chlorine released from the chicken waste. These active species would likely provide or create the adsorptive sites on the surface of activated carbon for elemental mercury.     

Preparation of activated carbon for mercury capture from chicken waste and coal

Chicken waste and chicken waste blended samples with selected high sulfur coal were used as raw materials for activated carbon preparation. Raw materials were subjected to the preparation procedures of carbonization in a nitrogen atmosphere and activation in a steam atmosphere. The basic properties of the raw materials, chars and activated carbons were investigated by components analysis, surface porosity and thermogravimetric analysis. Two activated carbon samples were selected for elemental mercury capture tests in a lab-scale drop tube reactor with air flow.The current results show that chicken waste is not a suitable raw material for activated carbon production due to its higher contents of volatile matter and ash. Coal can be used as a carbon carrier for improving the carbon content of products. A low-cost activated carbon was prepared by a co-process of chicken waste and coal, and examining the high capture efficiency for elemental mercury. It suggests that the coal provides a carbon carrier or trap for some active species, such as chlorine released from the chicken waste. These active species would likely provide or create the adsorptive sites on the surface of activated carbon for elemental mercury.     

Electron probe microanalysis of dried biological substances

In the present study electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) was used to examine the elemental contents in samples of biological molecules from aqueous solutions and of cultured cells. To preserve the contents of diffusible elements the freeze-drying technique was applied as a preparative procedure. The resulting powders were then formed into small tablets, weighing about 0.1 mg, which were analyzed with a wavelength-dispersive spectrometer (WDS). Using tablets, the total concentration of different elements was measured in biological substances isolated fromGalleria mellonella, and cells taken from a culture ofChlorella vulgaris treated with uranium nitrate.     

Activation analysis for mercury in biological samples at nanogram level

A new method has been devised for determining mercury in samples of biological origin. It is based on complete ignition of the sample in a silica tube, trapping volatile interfering activities such as bromine or chlorine, and selectively adsorbing mercury on a strip of filter paper which has been previously impregnated with elemental selenium. This strip is later counted for quantitative evaluation. The versatility of the method has been demonstrated by the analysis of a wide range of samples such as water, cellulose, flour, fish solubles or animal blood samples with mercury contents between 1 and 200 ng g of sample.     

元素-红外分析法测定海上油田含聚油泥中聚合物的含量

注聚驱油是海上油田高效开发的重要手段. 随着注聚产液量的提升,部分返出聚合物形成的含聚油泥堵塞流程,影响到采出液处理设备运行的问题亟待解决. 通过将含聚油泥中的油、泥、聚合物分离,联合运用元素分析、红外光谱（IR）、气相色谱、X射线衍射（XRD）、分光光度法对其组成进行分析,不同取样点的含聚油泥其主要组成是含油量为22.9%~42.12%,含水量为38.34%~62.3%,含固量为14.8%~19.54%. 其中聚合物含量为3.37%~7.42%,无机矿物含量1.30%~3.74%. 含聚油泥中的原油与SZ36-1标准原油组分一致,注入聚合物AP-P4性质没有发生变化,其结果对指导含聚油泥中原油、聚合物的回收利用研究和油泥分离技术开发有重要意义.     

Detection and visualisation of elemental components in various ambient species by synchrotron microbeam technique

This study introduces the application of the synchrotron radiation induced X-ray fluorescence (SR-XRF) microprobe installed at the Super Photon ring-8 GeV (SPring-8), which is the world's largest third-generation synchrotron radiation facility, to the specification of chemical properties of various atmospheric samples. The combination of visual elemental mapping and XRF spectral analyses allows for the interpretation of the nature and composition of individual particles. Individually collected droplets by the replication technique were also irradiated by X-ray microbeam to carry out visual reconstruction of elemental maps for their multiple components. The multielemental peaks corresponding to X-ray energy were also successfully resolved. Because the chemical contents of solute for individual droplets can be definitely clarified in this study, we can describe the mechanisms involved in droplet formation and pollutant scavenging. The point analysis of sand dust collected from the local desert in China confirmed that the fine fragments of sand, which may be lifted and transported over a long distance, are considerably inhomogeneous in elemental component.     

纳米Ni-Co-B非晶态合金抗氧化行为的原位XPS研究

采用原位XPS手段研究了纳米非晶态Ni-Co-B合金中B和Co的抗氧化行为、表面组成与氧化处理条件之间的关系以及各元素含量随深度的变化趋势.结果发现,氧优先氧化表面的元素B物种,在元素态B被完全耗尽后才开始氧化表面的元素态Co物种,在元素态B和Co均被完全氧化后,元素态Ni才开始被氧化.另外,研究还发现,在氧化过程中,B和Co的氧化物具有在表面富集的倾向.正是由于B和Co的优先被氧化才保护了催化加氢反应中的活性中心--元素态Ni.