浅谈MasterCAM在铣削加工中的应用

MasterCAM是当今广泛使用的CAD／CAM软件，其中CAM功能强大。Mastercam不仅能完成外形、挖槽及钻孔加工，同时还具有丰富的曲面粗、精加工功能，加工较复杂的零件。     

光学自由曲面数控化加工方法

在光学系统中，为了满足特殊的成像要求，需要使用自由曲面光学零件，但由于自由曲面是一类非常复杂的曲面，用传统的光学加工方法很难加工。本文概要介绍了光学非球面的多种加工方法，探索了这些方法加工光学自由曲面的可能性，提出了用数控化加工方法加工光学自由曲面，并利用这种方法加工了一块自由曲面透镜。     

基于CAXA工艺图表软件的课程教学实践

编制零件的机械加工工艺是《机械制造工艺与夹具》课程中的—个重要教学环节。CAPP（计算机辅助工艺设计）是制造企业增强其竞争力的最主要技术支撑。通过为期1周的CAXA工艺图表软件实训，使学生掌握编制零件的加工工艺，增强学生职业应用技能。     

复杂型面零件快速建模及成型技术

利用复杂型面零件的三维光学扫描数据，快速形成三维点云数据；通过正向设计，形成三维数字模型；经过计算机编程处理，生成数控加工程序及工艺文件，并直接传输给数控设备，进行数控加工。从而实现复杂零件的快速建模及加工。     

光学非球曲面器件的超精密磨削加工技术研究

为磨削加工出高精度、高质量的光学非球曲面器件。详尽分析了砂轮的安装及半径等误差对零件加工精度的影响。设计研制出了一套非球曲面磨削系统 ,并用它进行了实验研究。实验结果表明 :要获得高精度的非球曲面器件 ,只有当金刚石砂轮的平均磨粒尺寸低于 10 μm ,并在采用较高的砂轮线速度和较小的进给量的情况下 ,才能实现光学非球曲面的超精密磨削加工 ,经过各种磨削参数的优化选择 ,其非球曲面最终的零件轮廓精度为 0 4 μm ,表面粗糙度Ra优于 0 0 1μm。     

基于改进BP网络的电火花加工工艺选择模型

电火花加工是基于工具与工件间脉冲性火花放电产生的电腐蚀现象来加工工件的，特别适用于复杂形状、特殊要求零件和难加工材料的加工。但是电火花加工r机理极其复杂，加工参数的选择在很大程度上取决于机床操作者的熟练程度，由于操作者的经验和知识所限，往往使电加工机床的性能和功能得不到充分发挥，甚至达不到加工要求。电火花加工所选取的工艺参数直接决定工艺效果，而工艺参数和工艺效果之间的关系异常复杂，解决工艺参数选择难的关键是建立一个合理有效的电火花加工选择模型，进而实现工艺参数的自动优化选取。     

超高强高韧钢异型深盲孔制造技术

随着材料科学技术的不断进步，新型高强度、高韧性的难加工材料不断出现。图1所示零件，材料为超高强高韧钢，孔深与孔径之比约为10：1，内孔为小锥度锥面，孔末端为异型回转曲面，外圆柱面和内孔有较高的同轴度要求。零件深孔加工中刀具细而长，刚性差，工件尺寸精度、表面质量不易保证。     

弹性薄片零件精密加工技术

生产中遇到许多易变形弹性薄片零件，如常见的垫圈、摩擦片、特别的碟性弹簧，薄板、飞片等，它们刚性差、散热困难、装夹时易引起装夹变形，加工时会出现翘曲，严重影响零件的加工精度。对这类零件的精密加工技术进行研究，对减少工件的热处理变形及装夹变形，减少变形工作对零件最终形成精度的影响，从而保证弹性薄片类零件的加工精度具有至关重要的意义。提高零件精加工前的精度以及减少零件装夹变形和减小切削力是提高零件加工精度的重要措施。对于力学性能要求较高的工件，一般都需要进行热处理，以提高工件的综合力学性能。     

特殊光学零件的加工方法──浇注刚性补偿法

厚度相差很大的光学零件，加工时应力容易集中到最薄的地方，对零件的加工存在着很大困难，针对所加工零件的特点选择正确的加工方案至关重要。采用浇注刚性补偿法加工中心厚度与边缘厚度比值为２．７：１３，且不对称的特殊光学零件，取得了较好的效果。     

超声振动车削装置设计

在切削加工领域，提高加工精度方法很多，其中一个非常重要的研究方向在于努力减小切削过程中的切削力和切削热。超声振动切削技术在降低切削力和切削热方面有重要的作用，可以较好地解决难加工材料、难加工零件以及精密加工等方面的一些工艺问题。为了推广应用这项新技术，文章基于超声振动切削理论，设计了一套超声振动车削装置，为实现黑色金属薄壁零件的精密加工提供了新的途径。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.