酮型烃型双(4′-苯并-12-冠-4)钠电极的研究

利用合成的亚辛基、亚壬基、亚癸基、辛二酰、壬二酰和癸二酞双(4＇-苯并-12-冠-4)制成了PVC膜钠离子选择电极,研究了各种增塑剂,载体结构,膜组分和不同浓度内充液与电极性能的关系。邻硝基苯辛醚增塑的亚辛基双冠醚钠电极有较好的选择性,选择系数对Li~+、K~+、NH_4~+分别为1.3×10~(-3),8×10~(-2)和6×10~(-3)。对Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),Sr~(2+),Ba~(2+)均小于2×10~(-4)。线性范围:2×10~(-5)～10~(-1)mol/L(NaCl)。     

用正交试验法研制以长碳链季铵阳离子-InBr_4~-缔合物为活性物质的 In(Ⅲ)选择性电极

本文用正交试验法对影响InBr_4~-离子选择性电极的两项主要性能指标的主要因素进行了挑选,确定了一种线性较好、斜率较高的最优因子组合。电极的能斯特响应范围为1×10~(-1)—5×10~(-5)M,斜率56.1±1.1mV/pC,1×10~(-1)—1×10~(-4)M三次级差的平均偏差为2.0±1.0mV/pC。电极的稳定性与选择性较好。     

一种用于测定D-氨基酸的羊肾组织膜电极

将羊肾切片组织配合氨气敏电极可制成对D-氨基酸具有高选择性的羊肾组织膜电极。该电极在D-丙氨酸浓度3.0×10~(-5)-1.0×10~(-3)M范围内呈良好线性关系,其检测极限达2.0×l0~(-5)M。在最佳操作条件下,电极的活性至少保持12天不变。本文对电极的特性及实际样品中的分析功能进行了考察。     

异菸酸十六烷酯作中性载体的镍离子选择电极

本文报道了一种镍离子选择性电极,它以我们合成的异菸酸十六烷酯作中性载体,该电极对浓度范围为10~(-1)～8×10~(-5)mol/L的镍离子有线性响应,斜率为-25.5±0.4 mV/pC_((Ni)~(2+))(20℃).相对于钠、钾、锂、钙、锡、铁、钴、铜离子的选择性系数分别为:8.1×1~(-5)、8.6×10~(-5)、8.2×10~(-5)、4.1×10~(-3)、7.5×10~(-4)、3.2×10~(-2)、8.0×10~(-2)、4.4×10~(-1).电极重现性优良,响应较快,用交流阻抗法研究了电极膜的传导机理,实验结果表明电极过程受扩散过程控制。     

五氯苯酚离子选择电极的研制

本文报道以三庚基十二烷基铵与三氯苯酚离子缔合物为电极活性物制备的PVC膜五氯苯酚离子选择电极。该电极具有Nernst响应范围宽2×10~(-5)M～1×10~(-1)M、灵敏度高.斜率S为60、检测下限低5×10~(-6)M、选择较好、响应时间短等特点、且电极连续工作电势读数稳定性好等优点。适用于自动监测及电位滴定分析。     

卤化银/银粉固态氯、溴离子选择性电极的制备和应用

氯、溴离子选择性电极的制备,文献已有报导,我们在制备了碘电极的基础上,又用卤化银和高纯银粉为电活性材料制备了普通型,小型杯状和针状氯、溴离子选择性电极。这三种不同形状的氯、溴离子选择性电极,可以测定1×10~0-5×10~(-5)M的氯离子和1×10~(-1)-3×10~(-6)M的溴离子。小型氯,溴离子选择性电极可以测定20μl样品溶液中的氯、溴离子。我们用自制的氯、溴离子选择电极测定了北京401地区水源井中的氯,溴离子,方法简便,结果满意。     

碳棒涂膜式离子选择电极的研究 Ⅱ.13,14-苯并-1,4,8,11-(15-冠硫醚-4)(TTX)-PVC膜银电极的研制

用合成的13,14-苯并-1,4,8,11-(15-冠硫醚-4)(TTX)为中性载体,溶于加有增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)的聚氯乙烯(PVC)四氢呋喃(THF)溶液中制成涂膜溶液,将溶液涂布于石墨碳棒上制成银电极.其对银离子的线性响应范围为5×10~(-6)～1×10~(-1)mol·dm~(-3)检出下限为1×10~(-6)mol·dm~(-3),响应斜率为65mV,对Hg~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Zn~(2+)的选择性系数分别为8×10~(-2)、5×10~(-3)、1×10~(-4)、5×10~(-4)、1×10~(-5),pH适用范围为1.0～5.5,内阻小于1MΩ.通过实验比较其主要性能与7601型商品银电极相近,在结构简单、制作方便及成本低廉等方面颇具特色.使用TTX作中性载体制成碳棒涂膜式银电极目前尚未见有报道.     

HTPP 作为定域体的Cr(Ⅵ)离子电极

已有的Cr(VI)离子电极线性区间下限多数是10~(-3)或10~(-4)M。丰达明等在氟化物底液中获得较佳检测下限(5×10~(-7)M)及线性区间(4×10~(-4)～2×10~(-6)M)。本文用作者新近合成的十六烷基三苯基鏻(HTPP)制备PVC膜Cr(VI)离子电极,检测下限可达8×10~(-7)M,且线性区间明显增宽为6×10~(-2)～2×10~(-6)M。实验部分 1.试剂和仪器:HTPP由本实验室合成。用硫酸调节0.1M氟化铵到pH3.2,溶解     

碳毡电极对镧、镝、镱的富集分离

本文提出用碳毡电极富集和分离稀土元素镧、镝、镱(10~(-4)—10~(-9)g/mL)。研究了富集效率、电场影响、洗脱效率、分离效率、饱和富集率和电极重现性。实验结果表明:碳毡电极对浓度为10~(-5)g/mL以下的镧、镝、镱水溶液富集效率为90.5％以上,当电场负于各元素还原电位时富集效率明显上升,反之下降。被富集元素的洗脱效率高于89.3％。对10~(-5)g/mL的上述三种元素混合液进行分离时镧、镝和镱三者的富集效率分别为3.7％、30.4％和56.4％。每克碳毡电极对镧、镝、镱的动态饱和富集车分别为0.953×10~(-3)、1.072×10~(-3)和1.089×10~9-3),静态饱和富集率分别为1.137××10~(-3)1.173×10~(-3)和1.196×10~(-3)。电极经处理后十次重复使用所测富集效率的贝塞耳标准差小于0.95％。     

生物传感器的研究.V.尿素—石竹花组结电极的研究

尿素—石竹花组织电极是一种植物组织传感器。文中叙述了一种完整石竹花瓣的固定新方法,改善了此类生物传感器的性能:线性范围7.6×10~(-(?))～1.0×10~(-3)mol·L~(-1),斜率47mv·decade~(-1),检测上下限分别为3.2×10~(-3)mol·L~(-1)和4.6×10~(-6)mol·L~(-1),响应时间15～20min,寿命14天.该电极已初步用于实际样品的测定,结果与凯氏法吻合。对尿素含量为3.0×10~(-4)mol·L~(-1)的样品,本法分析结果偏差≤0.2×10~(-4)mol·L~(-1),平均回收率为101.5%(M=3,n=3),表明该传感器具有一定的实用价值。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.