On regular {v,n}-arcs in finite projective spaces

A regular {v, n}-arc of a projective space P of order q is a set S of v points such that each line of P has exactly 0,1 or n points in common with S and such that there exists a line of P intersecting S in exactly n points. Our main results are as follows: (1) If P is a projective plane of order q and if S is a regular {v, n}-arc with n ≥ √q + 1, then S is a set of n collinear points, a Baer subplane, a unital, or a maximal arc. (2) If P is a projective space of order q and if S is a regular {v, n}-arc with n ≥ √q + 1 spanning a subspace U of dimension at least 3, then S is a Baer subspace of U, an affine space of order q in U, or S equals the point set Of U. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Jordan Homomorphisms and Harmonic Mappings

 We show that each Jordan homomorphism R → R′ of rings gives rise to a harmonic mapping of one connected component of the projective line over R into the projective line over R′. If there is more than one connected component then this mapping can be extended in various ways to a harmonic mapping which is defined on the entire projective line over R. Received December 7, 2001; in revised form April 28, 2002 Published online January 7, 2003     

Geometry of free cyclic submodules over ternions

Given the algebra T of ternions (upper triangular 2×2 matrices) over a commutative field F we consider as set of points of a projective line over T the set of all free cyclic submodules of T ². This set of points can be represented as a set of planes in the projective space over F ⁶. We exhibit this model, its adjacency relation, and its automorphic collineations. Despite the fact that T admits an F-linear antiautomorphism, the plane model of our projective line does not admit any duality.     

Equidistribution quantitative des points de petite hauteur sur la droite projective

We introduce a new class of adelic heights on the projective line. We estimate their essential minimum and prove a result of equidistribution (at every place) for points of small height with estimates on the speed of convergence. To each rational function R in one variable and defined over a number field K, is associated a normalized height on the algebraic closure of K. We show that these dynamically defined heights are adelic in our sense, and deduce from this equidistribution results for preimages of points under R at every place of K. Our approach follows that of Bilu, and relies on potential theory in the complex plane, as well as in the Berkovich space associated to the projective line over , for each prime p. Le premier auteur tient à remercier chaleureusement le project MECESUP UCN0202, ainsi que l'ACI ``Systèmes Dynamiques Polynomiaux' qui ont permis son séjour à l'Université Catholique d'Antofagasta. Le deuxième auteur est partiellement soutenu par le projet FONDECYT N 1040683. Enfin, nous remercions le rapporteur pour sa lecture détaillée de l'article.     

Linear ultrafilters

Let X be a k-vector space, and U a maximal proper filter of subspaces of X. Then the ring of endomorphisms of X that are “continuous” with respect to U modulo the ideal of those that are “trivial” with respect to U forms a division ring E(U). (These division rings can also be described as the endomorphism rings of the simple left End(X)-modules.) We study this and the dual construction, based on maximal cofiIters of subspaces of X, in particular, the relation between the constructed division rings and the original field or division ring k. We end by examining a more general construction in which X is a module over a general ring, given with both a filter and a cofilter of submodules.     

Limiting Distributions for the Maximum of a Symmetric Function on a Random Point Set

Let U ₁, U ₂, ... be a sequence of independent random points taking values in a measurable space (S, Σ) according to a common probability P and let R be a symmetric, Borel/ -measurable function. Let H _n = max{h(U _i ,U _j ): 1≤ i < j≤ n} denote the maximum h-value over pairs of distinct points from U ₁,U ₂,...,U _n . Assumptions on the distribution of h(U ₁,·) are provided under which a continuous function of H _n converges in law to an extreme-value distribution upon suitable rescaling. The work is complementary to that appearing in Appel et al. (1999) J. Theor. Probab. 12, 27–47. on the almost-sure limiting behavior of H _n . In the first of two examples, the main result applied to the case of i.i.d. points distributed uniformly on the surface of a unit hypersphere in R ^d provides the limiting distribution of the maximum pairwise distance (chord length) among the first n of the points. The second example exhibits the limiting distribution of the minimum pair-wise distance among the first n of i.i.d. uniform points in a compact subset of R ^d .      

On smallest covers of finite projective spaces

A t-cover of a finite projective space ℙ is a set of t-dimensional subspaces covering all points of ℙ. Beutelspacher [1] constructed examples of t-covers and proved that his examples are of minimal cardinality. We shall show that all examples of minimal cardinality “look like” the examples of Beutelspacher.     

Gelfand�CTsetlin algebras and cohomology rings of Laumon spaces

Laumon moduli spaces are certain smooth closures of the moduli spaces of maps from the projective line to the flag variety of GL _n . We calculate the equivariant cohomology rings of the Laumon moduli spaces in terms of Gelfand–Tsetlin subalgebra of U(gl _n ) and formulate a conjectural answer for the small quantum cohomology rings in terms of certain commutative shift of argument subalgebras of U(gl _n ).     

A 51-dimensional embedding of the Ree–Tits generalized octagon

We construct an embedding of the Ree–Tits generalized octagon defined over a field K in a 51-dimensional projective space over K arising from a 52-dimensional Lie algebra J of type . This construction derives from a quadratic map (related to a ‘standard’ duality of ) from the 26-dimensional module (see K. Coolsaet, Adv Geometry, to appear) into J. (This embedding is full if and only if K is a perfect field.) We provide explicit formulas for the coordinates of the points of the octagon in this embedding, in terms of their Van Maldeghem coordinates. We apply these results to compute the dimensions of subspaces generated by various special subsets of points of the octagon: the sets of points at a fixed distance from a given point or a given line and the Suzuki suboctagons. The results depend on whether K is the field of 2 elements, or not.      

M-seminorms on spaces of continuous functions

Let U be a realcompact completely regular Hausdorff space, C(U) the vector lattice of all continuous functions on U. We consider representations of M-seminorms on C(U) and some subspaces) by semicontinuous functions on U.     

Characterization of the oblique projector with application to constrained least squares

We provide a full characterization of the oblique projector U(VU)^†V in the general case where the range of U and the null space of V are not complementary subspaces. We discuss the new result in the context of constrained least squares minimization which finds many applications in engineering and statistics.     

The p-Rank of the Incidence Matrix of Intersecting Linear Subspaces

Let V be a vector space of dimension n+1 over a field of p ^t elements. A d-dimensional subspace and an e-dimensional subspace are considered to be incident if their intersection is not the zero subspace. The rank of these incidence matrices, modulo p, are computed for all n, d, e and t. This result generalizes the well-known formula of Hamada for the incidence matrices between points and subspaces of given dimensions in a finite projective space. A generating function for these ranks as t varies, keeping n, d and e fixed, is also given. In the special case where the dimensions are complementary, i.e., d+e=n+ 1, our formula improves previous upper bounds on the size of partial m-systems (as defined by Shult and Thas).     

Divisible points of compact convex sets

By associating with an affine dependence the resultant of a related probability measure, we are able to define the set ofdivisible points, D(K), of a compact convex setK. Some general properties ofD(K) are discussed, and its equivalence with a set recently introduced by Reay for convex polytopes demonstrated. For polytopes,D(K) is a continuous image of a projective space. A conjecture concerningD(K) is settled affirmatively for cubes.     

Normisomorphismen und Normkurven endlichdimensionaler projektiver Desargues-Räume

In a finite dimensional desarguesian projective space the set of all points of intersection of homologous lines of two projective bundles of lines is called a non-degenerated (n. d.) normal curve, if the projective isomorphism is nondegenerated. Every frame determines a n. d. projective isomorphism of two bundles of lines called a normal isomorphism; every n. d. projective isomorphism of two bundles of lines is a normal isomorphism. A definition of osculating subspaces of a normal isomorphism is given and we show how the osculating subspaces can be constructed by using linear mappings. Simple examples show that there may be collineations fixing a n. d. normal curve but not fixing the osculating subspaces of the associated normal isomorphism. The set of osculating hyperplanes of a normal isomorphism is a n. d. normal curve in the dual space if and only if a certain number-theoretical condition holds.

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Herrn emer.O. Univ.-Prof. Dr. J. Krames zum 85. Geburtstag gewidmet     

Geometrie du plan projectif des octaves de Cayley

In this article we study certain geometric aspects of the projective plane P ₂(O) over the octaves (Cayley numbers) over the reals. First, we use the explicit representation of points of P ₂(O) by Hermitian 3×3 matrices over the octaves to determine homogeneous coordinates on the projective line with the help of the fibration of S ¹⁵ with basis S ⁸ and fiber S ⁷. Next we give a table of Lie products in the Lie algebra F ₄, which enables us to explicitly compute the curvature tensor of P ₂(O) as a symmetric space. Finally we exhibit a non-zero skew symmetric 8-form which is invariant under the holonomy group Spin(9). The expression we obtain is the analog of the Kähler form and the fundamental 4-form on the complex and quaternion projective plane, respectively.     

Profile vectors in the lattice of subspaces

The profile vector f(U)∈Rⁿ⁺¹ of a family U of subspaces of an n-dimensional vector space V over GF(q) is a vector of which the ith coordinate is the number of subspaces of dimension i in the family U(i=0,1,…,n). In this paper, we determine the profile polytope of intersecting families (the convex hull of the profile vectors of all intersecting families of subspaces).     

Hermite and ps-rings of hurwitz series ∗

Let R be a commutative ring and H R the ring of Hurwitz series over R. In this note, we consider some properties of rings, which are shared by R and HR. In particular, we show that for the rings R and H R, if either ring is (i) a Hermite ring, or (ii) a PF-ring in the sense that every finitely generated projective R-module is free, then so is another. We also show that if R is a PS-ring in the sense that the socle Soc( _RR) is projective and char(R) = 0, then H R is also a PS-ring.     

Projektive Einbettung nicht lokal projektiver Räume

It is well known that every locally projective linear space (M,M) with dimM 3, fulfilling the Bundle Theorem (B) can be embedded in a projective space. We give here a new construction for the projective embedding of linear spaces which need not be locally projective. Essentially for this new construction are the assumptions (A) and (C) that for any two bundles there are two points on every line which are incident with a line of each of these bundles. With the Embedding Theorem (7.4) of this note for example a [0,m]-space can be embedded in a projective space.

     

A Frobenius characterization of finite projective dimension over complete intersections

Let M be a module of finite length over a complete intersection (R,m) of characteristic . We characterize the property that M has finite projective dimension in terms of the asymptotic behavior of a certain length function defined using the Frobenius functor. This may be viewed as the converse to a theorem of S. Dutta. As a corollary we get that, in a complete intersection (R,m), an m-primary ideal I has finite projective dimension if and only if its Hilbert-Kunz multiplicity equals the length of R/I. Received June 22, 1998; in final form October 13, 1998     

Über elliptisch und euklidisch abwickelbare Hyperkegel

This paper deals with hypercones K_n–1 of class r1 with (n–3)-dimensional apex in the n-dimensional euclidean resp. elliptic space Rⁿ resp. Uⁿ. First an euclidean-isometric mapping of K_n–1. into R^n–1 is described in different geometrical manners and by its equations. The projective extension R^n–1 Uⁿ of Rⁿ⁺¹ leads to analogous facts in the elliptic space Uⁿ.

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Herrn Prof. Dr. W. Wunderlich zum 75. Geburtstag gewidmet