医药类专业基于滴定分析实验培养学生误差分析能力的教学设计

为提高医药类专业滴定分析化学实验教学效果,设计了一种新的滴定分析测定药品含量实验的教学模式,将实验设计成不同的条件实验,学生分别完成不同的条件实验后共享实验数据,通过处理实验数据,学生可以对整个实验进行条件分析,在学习滴定分析测定药物含量实验的过程中,对实验原理有更深的理解,提高了学生分析实验关键点和处理实验数据的能力,增强了团队合作意识。     

二氧化碳和碳酸二甲酯二元体系的气液相平衡数据

实验测定了二氧化碳和碳酸二甲酯(DMC)二元体系的高压气液相平衡数据. 实验温度为333.0 到393.0 K, 实验压力为3.98 到13.75 MPa. 应用Peng-Robison (PR)立方形状态方程和van der Waals-1 混合规则对实验数据进行了关联计算, 同时得到了二元相互作用参数. 计算结果与实验数据具有很好的一致性.     

邻苯三酚法测定空气中氧气的含量

按照教材中用燃烧红磷除去氧气的方法测定空气中氧气的含量,存在实验现象不明显和实验数据不严谨的问题;采用邻苯三酚法改进空气中氧气含量测定实验,操作更为简单,实验现象更明显,实验数据严谨,宜作为演示实验在教学中推广。     

应用微型计算机改进物理化学实验教学

一、前言物理化学实验测定数据较多、数据要求精度较高,结果处理复杂,及时发现测得的数据那些存在严重偶然误差,帮助学生分析这些偶然误差产生的原因,及时指出学生在实验操作中     

介绍德国一种多功能计算机辅助各种化学实验的软件

德国弗赖堡大学化学系有机生物所的 B.Domke先生研制了一种在模数转换器支持下的计算机辅助各种化学实验的软件,可广泛适用于高校、中学以及各种培训课程中的化学实验。其功能主要表现为:实验数据的采集;数据在屏幕上的放大显示;数据的储存与调用;数据的后处理     

谈实验误差

在做化学实验时,常常要用测量方法进行数据的直接测量,或根据实验数据进行推演计算。这些直接测量与推演计算结果的准确性如何？数据如何处理？都会涉及误差问题。     

SigmaPlot软件在化学实验数据处理中的应用

SigmaPlot是功能强大的数据分析和科学绘图软件,通过实例,初步介绍了SigmaPlot处理实验数据的方法和结果。结果表明,用SigmaPlot对实验数据作处理,解决了化学实验中数据多、处理麻烦、手工作图误差大等问题,使处理过程简单、快捷,提高了效率和准确性。     

分析化学领域中实验数据对专利申请创造性判断的影响

研究了分析化学领域中实验数据对专利申请创造性判断的影响。基于4个专利申请案例所提供的实验数据进行分析,从无法确定的技术效果、可预期的技术效果、区别技术特征所带来的技术效果和补充实验数据4个方面论述了实验数据在佐证技术效果时的证据力,及其在审查过程中对创造性判断的影响。该研究可为分析化学科研工作者在撰写专利申请和答复意见时提供思路,以提高专利申请的授权概率。     

实验数据和数据处理题分类解析

化学是一门实验科学,在化学实验中除了观察到一定的实验现象,以定性说明物质的性质外,还记录到一系列的实验数据,以说明物质在化学反应过程中的定量变化,对实验过程中所观察的现象和数据进行处理,是化学工作者和其它方面工作者都必须具备的一种能力;根据实验数据说明相应化学过程,也是学习化学的一个基本能力·有关数据处理方面的能力题在高考试题及各级化学竞赛试题中不断出现。     

顺丁烯二酸酐与邻苯二甲酸二甲酯二元体系在4.00, 8.00和12.00 kPa下的等压气液平衡

采用沸点仪测定了顺丁烯二酸酐和邻苯二甲酸二甲酯二元体系在4.00, 8.00和12.00 kPa下的等压气液平衡数据以及纯DMP组分饱和蒸气压数据, 将实验数据回归得到了纯DMP在417~525 K范围内的Antoine方程. 根据实验平衡温度、 压力和组成数据进一步回归得到NRTL方程参数, 推算出平衡气液相组成, 并利用UNIFAC方程对实验数据进行了预测, 其结果与沸点仪测定结果及NRTL拟合的结果基本相符.     

Monte Carlo simulations of systems of rodlike molecules with semiflexible terminal groups

The results of Monte Carlo simulations of systems of rodlike molecules with semiflexible terminal groups are compared with those of systems with terminal groups at a fixed angle τ with respect to the rigid core and with those of a system containing the rigid cores alone in the same total volume. The nematic/isotropic transition temperature decreases with increasing flexibility or with increasing τ. For semiflexible groups, the transition is coupled with a conformational change favouring more extended conformations in the nematic phase. The results of the simulations are discussed in connection with those obtained for similar models in the recent literature and with the predictions of the Maier‐Saupe and Flory‐Ronca‐Irvine theories.     

表面等离子体子共振传感器用于研究不同材质包裹的磁性纳米粒子性质

利用自行设计组装的以白色发光二极管为光源的表面等离子体子共振传感器实验装置, 检测了不同材质包裹的磁性纳米粒子连接靶向DNA与生物素化DNA探针的结合程度. 结果表明, 与聚苯乙烯磁性微球连接的靶向DNA相比, Fe3O4@SiO2核壳式纳米微球连接的靶向DNA与生物素化的DNA探针结合速率较快, 且其相对标准偏差较小.     

乳腺癌术前灰阶超声与彩色多普勒超声联合应用对预后的预测价值

目的探究乳腺癌术前灰阶超声与彩色多普勒超声联合应用对预后的预测价值。方法选取温州医科大学附属第一医院2013年5月—2015年5月期间收治的乳腺癌患者83例,治疗前均行灰阶超声与彩色多普勒超声检查,分析患者超声检查结果、临床征象与术后随访2年期间患者预后的关系,从而分析术前灰阶超声与彩色多普勒超声联合应用对乳腺癌患者预后的预测价值。结果乳腺癌肿块边界清晰、边界不清晰、边界恶性晕的患者2年无瘤生存率依次降低,边界恶性晕与边界不清晰患者死亡率均显著高于边界清晰患者(P0.05);肿瘤≥2 cm患者2年无瘤生存率显著低于2 cm患者;淋巴结转移患者2年无瘤生存率显著低于无转移患者(P0.05);血流分级Ⅱ级患者2年无瘤生存率明显低于0级(P0.05),Ⅲ级患者2年无瘤生存率显著低于0级和Ⅰ级(P0.05)。结论乳腺癌患者术前联合应用灰阶超声与彩色多普勒超声检查可确定肿瘤边界、大小及淋巴转移等征象,其与患者无瘤生存率、死亡率等预后指标密切相关,可作为预测乳腺癌患者预后的重要方法。     

金蒲抑瘤片在鼻咽癌的临床应用研究

为探讨鼻咽癌患者放疗期间合并应用金蒲抑瘤片治疗对细胞免疫功能及血中微量元素硒、锌、铜的影响，经病理证实鼻咽癌患者58例，随机分为放疗服药组30例和单纯放疗组28例。两组放疗前后抽静脉血测定T细胞亚群（CD3＋，CD4＋，CD8＋，CD4＋／CD8＋），血中微量元素硒，锌，铜并与30例健康者（正常对照组）进行比较。结果表明，鼻咽癌患者血中微量元素硒，锌，铜及CD3＋，CD4＋，CD4＋／CD8＋显著低于健康人，放疗期间合并应用金蒲抑瘤片治疗后血中微量元素硒，锌，铜及CD3＋，CD4＋，CD4＋／CD8＋较服药前显著升高。提示鼻咽癌患者细胞免疫功能低下，血中微量元素硒，锌，铜显著低于健康人。金蒲抑瘤片能提高鼻咽癌患者因中微量元素硒，锌，铜含量，使低下的细胞免疫功能迅速恢复。     

Zur reaktionvon cyclotri- und cyclotri- und cyclotetrasilazanen mit silylfluoriden

Fluorosilyl substituted cyclosilazanes are formed by treating lithium salts of hexamethylcyclotri- and octa-methylcyclotetrasilazanes with silicon tetrafluoride and organo-substituted silicon fluorides. Disubstituted compounds are obtained by the reaction of dilithium hexamethylcyclotrisilazane with silicon fluorides or by the reaction of lithium hexamethylcyclotrisilazane with silicon fluorides at higher temperature. Cyclosilazanes with bulky ligands react with butyllithium with elimination of butane as a first step and then react further with a silicon fluoride compound, with LiF-elimination, to give a mixed substituted cyclosilazane. Ring coupling through a silicon bridge is achieved by the reaction of a fluorosilyl-substituted cyclotrisilazane with lithium hexamethylcyclotrisilazane. The mass,¹H and¹⁹F NMR spectra of the compounds are reported.     

A coupled reagent of o-phthalaldehyde and sulfanilic acid for protein detection based on the measurements of light scattering signals with a common spectrofluorometer

A rapid and sensitive method for the determination of proteins is proposed with a coupled reagent of o-phthalaldehyde and sulfanilic acid by measuring the light scattering (LS) signals with a common spectrofluorometer. Mechanism investigations showed that o-phthalaldehyde couples at first with sulfanilic acid with fast speed and forms a new synthesized Schiff base dye, which then interacts with protein rapidly on acidic condition, resulting in greatly enhanced LS signals with the maximum peak located at 344 nm. Based on the linear relationship between enhanced LS intensities and concentrations of proteins, a novel assay of HSA and BSA is established in the linear range of 0.1-25.0 microg ml(-1) with the limits of detection (3sigma) being 13 ng ml(-1) depending on the concentration of the reagent. Results for sample detections of our method were consistent with the documented spectrophotometric method with CBB G250 assay.     

Comparison of electrothermal atomization diode laser Zeeman- and wavelength-modulated atomic absorption and coherent forward scattering spectrometry

Atomic absorption and coherent forward scattering spectrometry by using a near-infrared diode laser with and without Zeeman and wavelength modulation were carried out with graphite furnace electrothermal atomization. Analytical curves and limits of detection were compared. The magnetic field was modulated with 50 Hz, and the wavelength of the diode laser with 10 kHz. Coherent forward scattering was measured with crossed and slightly uncrossed polarizers. The results show that the detection limits of atomic absorption spectrometry are roughly the same as those of coherent forward scattering spectrometry with crossed polarizers. According to the theory with bright flicker noise limited laser sources the detection limits and linear ranges obtained with coherent forward scattering spectrometry with slightly uncrossed polarizers are significantly better than those obtained with crossed polarizers and with atomic absorption spectrometry. This is due to the fact that employing approaches of polarization spectroscopy reduce laser intensity fluctuations to their signal carried fractions.     

Evidences of macromolecular chains confinement of ethylene–propylene copolymer in organophilic montmorillonite nanocomposites

A random ethylene–propylene copolymer (EPM) functionalized with grafted diethylsuccinate groups was melt blended with increasing amount (to 20 wt%) of organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) to prepare nanocomposites with different morphologies as evidenced by XRD and TEM analysis. All the nanocomposites were treated with boiling toluene that did not extract a significant amount of EPM. The increase of not-extracted EPM with the increasing quantity of OMMT suggested strong interactions of the polymer chains with the inorganic substrate. The DSC measurements of nanocomposites and the corresponding insoluble residues revealed a higher T_g values with larger amount of inorganic particles. The dielectric relaxation analysis confirmed the evidence of strong interactions among montmorillonite and the polar diethylsuccinate groups for the macromolecules trapped due to the presence of the inorganic layers. The results were discussed with reference to their relevance as an evidence of nanoconfinement at polymer clay interface and correlated with the clay basal distance variation due to the intercalation process.     

Structural studies of the Maillard reaction products of a protein using ion trap mass spectrometry

The early stage products of the Maillard reaction of egg white lysozyme with D-glucose were studied. Incubation with D-glucose at 50 degrees C for 20 days caused reaction on the Lys and Arg residues of lysozyme as follows: all of the six Lys residues and 10 of the 11 Arg residues in lysozyme reacted with D-glucose; Arg 61 did not react with D-glucose. The Lys residues reacted with D-glucose with 1 mol of dehydration per mole of residue, and the Arg residues reacted with 2 mol of dehydration per mole of residue. The major constituent of the Amadori product with the epsilon-amino group of the Lys residue and the D-glucose was found to be the beta-pyranose form. The structure of the early stage product of the Maillard reaction of a protein with a sugar is the same as that of an amino acid with a sugar.     

N-去甲万古霉素的亲和吸附

通过交联聚丙烯酸甲酯与乙醇胺反应,形成聚(N-羟乙基丙烯酰胺)树脂,在酸催化作用下与环氧氯丙烷反应,形成含有α-羟基氯乙基的树脂.含α-羟基氯乙基的树脂与D-丙氨酸、L-丙氨酸或甘氨酸反应,分别得到含有这3种氨基酸的吸附剂.这3种吸附剂吸附N-去甲万古霉素的结果表明,含D-丙氨酸的吸附剂的吸附量最大,含甘氨酸的吸附剂的吸附量次之,而含L-丙氨酸的吸附剂不吸附N-去万古霉素.说明前两种吸附剂对N-去甲万古霉素存在亲和吸附作用.含D-丙氨酸吸附剂的最佳吸附pH值为5.8,当吸附液中的盐(NaCl)浓度增加时,吸附量降低.用0.4mol/LNa₂CO₃/CH₃CN(摩尔比7∶3,pH=9.5)作为洗脱剂可完全脱附被吸附的N-去甲万古霉素.