气相色谱法同时测定空气、废气中4种丙烯酸酯

丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯均为无色透明液体,微溶于水,溶于乙醇、乙醚等有机溶剂,主要用作有机中间体及合成高分子的单体[1]。以上4种物质都具有易挥发性,浓度很低时即产生使人恶心的臭味,有致癌性,在生产和使用过程中常常同时使用或共存,极易造成对     

乙醚土法連续生产

一、概论 1.乙醚的性質 乙醚为无色易流动的液体,分子量为74.08,沸点为34.6℃,在—116℃凝固,比重在20℃时为0.713,极易着火,它的蒸气于空气混合形成爆炸混合物,它的蒸气在188℃能自燃爆炸。乙醚部分的溶于水(水部分地也溶于乙醚),能于有机溶剂混合,且易溶解脂肪及腊,乙醚于固体CO_2混合物一同蒸发对温度能降低-79.5℃。醚在貯存时较氯仿稳定,但     

水样中氟罗沙星和磺胺喹噁啉的离子液体均匀提取

提出一种新的离子液体均匀提取方法,即向水样中加入可溶于水的离子液体1-己基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([C6MimBF4]),再加入过量六氟磷酸铵(NH4PF6),形成不溶于水的离子液体1-己基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([C6MimPF6]),水样中的氟罗沙星和磺胺喹噁啉被提取到[C6MimPF6]相,离心分离后,离子液体可直接用于HPLC分析.本法测得的氟罗沙星和磺胺喹噁啉的检出限分别为1.8和1.1μg/L.     

水面单分子层膜的原位光谱测定方法

将溶于挥发性有机溶剂的双亲性分子溶液小心地滴加在平静的水面上,待溶剂挥发后,沿横向压缩使分子以亲水基与水接触、疏水基远离水面的形式整齐地排列在水-空气界面上,形成缀密的单分子膜-Langmuir 膜。这类界面     

乙二醇形成何种氢键

高中化学课本(必修)第二册第134页在叙.述乙二醇的物理性质时指出:“乙二醇是没有颜色、粘稠、有甜味的液体,沸点是198℃,熔点是-11. 50℃,密度是1.1088 g/cm3,易溶于水和乙醇。”这里的“粘稠、沸点高……”等性质很自然想到乙二醇有氢键之形成。     

痕量硼的萃取比色法——用于三氯氢硅和四氯化硅中微量硼的测定

氟硼络阴离子BF_4~-与次甲基蓝阳离子形成蓝色络合物,微溶于水而易溶于有机溶剂如二氯乙烷。显色反应的灵敏度高,可用于微量硼的测定。显色条件和干扰离子的影响已见于文献。本工作采用微量萃取技术,使用自制聚乙烯萃取管和国产72型分光光度计,使硼的最低量可测定至1×10~(-8)克。当三氯氢硅和四氯化硅取样20毫升时,方法相对灵敏度为3或4×10~(-8)％。目前国内外多用化学光谱法测定三氯氢硅和四氯化硅中的硼,但有时,简便快速的比色法亦常应用于生     

1999年全国高中学生化学竞赛（决赛）实验试题3——α——呋喃基丙烯酸的制备及含量测定

一、实验内容１．产品的合成：以呋喃甲醛和乙酸酐为原料,在碱性条件下经Ｐｅｒｋｉｎ反应制得粗产品,再经纯化得到３　－呋喃基丙烯酸纯品,干燥并计算产率。２．产品的分析：用中和滴定法测定产品纯度。３．完成实验报告。二、主要仪器、试剂及材料１．主要仪器３．２乙酸酐相对分子质量１０２．１无色有刺激气味液体,沸点１３９℃,遇水水解。３．３　３　呋喃基丙烯酸相对分子质量１３８．１无色针状晶体,熔点１３７℃～１３８℃,难溶于水,易溶于碱液中。３．４３　ａ　呋喃基丙烯酸钠易溶于水。３．５邻苯二甲酸氢钾相对分子质量…     

功能化离子液体/离子液体分散液-液微萃取测定水中苯氧羧酸类除草剂

建立了功能化离子液体/离子液体分散液-液微萃取(FIL/IL-DLLME)测定水中4种苯氧羧酸类除草剂的农药残留分析方法.离子液体[C4MIMBF4]有助于难溶于水的[C6HyMIMTf2N]在水相中形成液滴.离子对[LiWf2N]的引入有利于提高功能离子液体对分析物的提取效率,对影响萃取效率的重要因素进行选择和优化,最佳条件为:100 μL[C6HyMIMTf2N])作为提取剂,100 μL[C4MIMBF4]作为分散剂,在30℃下超声5 min,[LiTf2N]浓度为5％和样品溶液的pH=2.在最佳优化条件下,5～500 μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.9953 ～0.9996;对自来水、河水、田间水进行浓度为10和20 μg/L添加回收实验,回收率为70.2％～107.5％,相对标准偏差RSD＜10％,检出限为0.05 ～0.2 μg/L,得到满意的结果,说明本方法对于实际样本的检测具有可行性.     

尿液中氯氮平的GC-MS法快速检验

氯氮平,化学名称为8-氯-11-(4-甲基-1-嗪基)-5H-二苯并[b,e][1,4]二氮杂革(C18H19CIN4,Mr=326.81).纯品为淡黄色结晶性粉末,从丙酮或石油醚中得到黄色结晶,MP183～184℃,易溶于氯仿,溶于乙醇,略溶于异丙醇,几乎不溶于水.     

显色剂N-烯丙基-N''''-(氨基对苯磺酸钠)硫脲与钯(Ⅱ)显色反应的研究和应用

本文报道了极易溶于水的显色剂N-烯丙基-N＇-(氨基对苯磺酸钠)硫脲(ASATu)光度法测定钯(Ⅱ)的条件:在pH4.0～5.5缓冲介质中,ASATu与钯生成易溶于水的、稳定的黄色络合物,组成比为:Pd(Ⅱ):ASATu=1:4;络合物的最大吸收波长为296.0nm,表观摩尔吸光系数ε_(296)=1.33×10～5L·mol～(-1)·cm～(-1);钯(Ⅱ)在0～20μg/25 mL呈线性,相关系数γ=0.9995.该法灵敏度高、选择性好、操作简便,用于阳极泥和矿石中钯的测定,结果满意.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

关于"对‘燃料电池物理及化学性能的有限时间热力学分析方法'的讨论”答复

把有限时间热力学理论用于化学过程的研究,将会得到一系列新的结论,开展这方面的研究是很有意义的.文献[1]以燃料电池为例,在同时考虑化学反应及传热不可逆性的情况下,研究了燃料电池的性能界限,文献[2]指出了文献[1]计算化学反应及传热不可逆性而引起系统与有关环境的总熵产生率的错误以及由此而导致的结论所存在的问题,并进行了富有启发性的分析与讨论.但文献[2]对于系统与有关环境的总熵产生率的计算也是不正确的,由此得到的其它结论自然不能成立.本文将就此情况下系统与有关环境的总熵产生率的计算再次进行讨论,并给出电池功率和效率的有限时间热力学性能界限.