酸碱平衡计算软件CurTiPot在大学化学教学中的应用

介绍了酸碱平衡计算软件CurTiPot的基本功能与特点。结合大学化学在酸碱质子理论以及在此基础上延伸的教学内容,分别介绍了缓冲溶液pH的计算、酸碱滴定过程的模拟以及水中物质随pH的形态分布的计算功能的使用方法与应用实例。该软件在大学化学的课堂教学中有助于学生了解溶液各项参数对溶液pH、滴定过程及物质形态分布等的影响,提升教学质量。此外该软件也可在科研工作中替代繁杂的人工计算,提高工作效率。     

信息与服务

可编程序计算器在分析化学中的应用使用CASIO fx-3600 p可编程序计算器,对分析数据进行程序运算,就下述问题可达到与微机相近的效果。“pH计算程序”可计算弱酸溶液、弱碱溶液、弱     

基于p值流程图计算水溶液酸碱度的方法

介绍一种用于酸碱度计算的p值流程图,学生通过回答流程图上的一系列问题,并找到正确的方程式,即可方便地求解常见溶液pH的计算问题,而不需要借助计算器。     

二甲酚橙指示EDTA测锌的酸度控制讨论

对二甲酚橙为指示剂,EDTA滴定Zn的酸度问题进行了讨论.计算得出测定的最佳酸度范围在pH5.1 ～6.0之间;同样经计算,表明（1＋1） HCl的加入体积在3～ 6mL之间可控制溶液pH在5.5 ～6.0之间.     

酸碱滴定终点误差的快速估算法——基于CurTiPot酸碱滴定曲线的快速绘制

利用CurTiPot软件快速绘制酸碱滴定曲线,并在相对误差概念的基础上,实现了酸碱滴定终点误差的快速计算。     

一种处理酸碱平衡体系的新方法

在化学教学和研究工作中,经常要研究酸碱溶液体系的平衡情况,其中最重要的问题是溶液的酸度,因为知道了溶液的酸度,就可以算得溶液中所有平衡物种的浓度。在分析化学教科书中对各类酸碱溶液pH的计算讨论很多,但至今还没有归纳出一个适用     

共价键合修饰壳聚糖pH传感器的研制

以共价键合的方法将壳聚糖修饰到玻碳电极上制成了pH传感器,探讨了该传感器的性能及作用机理.结果表明该传感器在pH 0.7～11.0的范围内电极电势与pH符合Nernst响应,斜率为58.3 mV/pH,可准确测定较高酸度溶液的pH,克服了玻璃pH传感器的"酸误差"的缺点.该传感器内阻小,易微型化,在一定的pH范围内对温度不敏感且具有较好的准确度和重现性,较快的响应速度.可用于雨水和饮料等实际样品溶液的pH的测定.     

无机化学课程教学中一元酸碱溶液pH的定量计算问题

无机化学教学中,一元酸碱溶液pH的定量计算是一个非常重要的基本问题。其中涉及的近似计算条件将pH的定性描述与定量计算相关联,准确理解这些近似条件的推导过程和应用范围,对学生从源头上掌握溶液中离子平衡问题的处理方法具有十分重要的意义。然而,在酸碱浓度极低、酸碱极弱的情况下,如何正确利用近似条件进行计算往往不易掌握。甚至是一些教科书中,也存在概念描述不准确、与后续课程不一致等问题。针对以上问题,本文从一元酸碱溶液pH计算近似条件的推导入手,结合相关例题,探讨无机化学课程教学中关于一元酸碱溶液pH的定量计算中应当注意的问题。     

配位滴定法测定锌含量的合适酸度条件

调节待测体系的pH值是配位滴定中一种重要的选择性滴定手段。采用CTE1.0程序计算了不同酸度条件下的终点误差,同时用配位滴定法测定了模拟样品和市售药品中的锌含量。计算结果和实测结果均表明,在不含钙离子的待测体系中,测定锌离子含量的合适酸度条件为pH=6;在钙、锌混合离子溶液中,测定锌含量的合适酸度条件为pH=5。平行测定实验的相对标准误差为1.63%,加标回收率为99.1%-101.8%。     

关于碘量法滴定铜的几个问题——答读者问

碘量法测定铜的应用迄今已有百余年历史。对其测定条件及干扰的消除方法不断有所改进。在条件掌握合适的情况下可获得较准确的结果。该方法的基本反应为Cu(Ⅱ)与碘离子定量反应生成碘化亚铜和游离碘。随即用硫代硫酸钠标准溶液滴定所释的碘,从而间接计算试样中铜的含量。分析操作中的关键是: 1 酸度的控制 要求控制溶液的酸度在pH 3.4～4.0之间。如pH〈3,则砷、锑将参与反应,而且空气的氧化作用使终点反复。如pH〉4,则可能产生铜的氢氧化物沉淀,导致结果偏低。通常用乙酸-乙酸盐缓冲体系控制酸度。也可用NH_4HF_2作为缓冲剂。氟化氢铵还可掩蔽Fe(Ⅲ)而避免其干扰。为避免大量氟化物对环境的污染,也可采用其它铁的掩蔽剂,如三聚磷酸钠等。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

关于"对‘燃料电池物理及化学性能的有限时间热力学分析方法'的讨论”答复

把有限时间热力学理论用于化学过程的研究,将会得到一系列新的结论,开展这方面的研究是很有意义的.文献[1]以燃料电池为例,在同时考虑化学反应及传热不可逆性的情况下,研究了燃料电池的性能界限,文献[2]指出了文献[1]计算化学反应及传热不可逆性而引起系统与有关环境的总熵产生率的错误以及由此而导致的结论所存在的问题,并进行了富有启发性的分析与讨论.但文献[2]对于系统与有关环境的总熵产生率的计算也是不正确的,由此得到的其它结论自然不能成立.本文将就此情况下系统与有关环境的总熵产生率的计算再次进行讨论,并给出电池功率和效率的有限时间热力学性能界限.