激发态CsHe(Ar)分子的光离解

研究Cs(62P)+He(Ar)+nhν→Cs(92D)+He(Ar)+(n-1)hν过程,激光频率调到Cs9D3/2→6P1/2跃迁谱线的蓝翼20～100cm-1,测量了精细结构谱线强度分支比I(9D3/2→6P3/2)/I(9D5/2→6P3/2)。实验表明,原子相互作用势和非绝热效应在离解动力学中起关键作用。     

激发态铷分子的光离解

研究了Rb(52P3/2)+Rb(5S)+nhν→Rb(72DJ)+Rb(5S)+(n-1)hν过程, 激光频率ν调到Rb7D3/2→5P3/2跃迁谱线的两翼20-100 cm-1, 测量了精细结构谱线强度分支比I(7D3/2→5P1/2)/I(7D5/2→5P3/2). 实验表明, 原子相互作用势和非绝热效应在离解动力学中起关键作用.     

RbHe(E)态的预离解和Rb 5 p~2P_J精细结构能级分支比

光学薄的Rb蒸汽和低密度 ( 2～ 8× 10 17cm- 3)He的混合系统被 570～ 60 0nm的激光激发 ,RbHe分子激发态预离解到Rb 5P1/2 或 5P3/2 态 ,测定了实验分支比I(D1) /I(D2 ) ,I(D1)和I(D2 )分别是RbD1和D2 线的强度 ,得到了预离解率之比和精细结构转移截面。     

Rb-He光学碰撞中精细结构分支比的测量

脉冲激光激发Rb＋He混合系统, 激光频率（ν）调离Rb（5Ｓ1/2）→Rb（5PJ）共振频率（νres）Δ（Δ＝ν-νres）。研究了光学碰撞Rb（5S1/2）＋He＋hν→Rb（5PJ）＋He转移过程。激光激发RbHe分子态。RbHe激发态解离到5P1/2或5P3/2态,其布居数密度分别为n1和n2,定义分支比为n1/n2。为得到分支比,在-180 cm-1＜Δ＜200 cm-1范围内测量了I（D1）（5P1/2→5S1/2）与I（D2）（5P3/2→5S1/2）的相对时间积分强度比R,解速率方程组,得到一个与气压成线性关系的直线方程,从该直线的截距及斜率得到5P1/2→5P3/2的碰撞转移截面及分支比, 在D2线蓝翼,分支比随失谐量Δ的增加而增加到0.2。在D1线红翼分支比近似为40而与失谐量无关。从翼激发测量得的精细结构碰撞转移截面为（1.1±0.3）×10-17 cm2, 与从共振激发得到的截面值是一致的。测量结果表明, 原子相互作用势和非绝热效应在分子解离动力学中起关键作用。     

低He气压下Rb(5P3/2)激发态有效辐射率的计算与测量

计算和测量了Rb-He混合蒸气中Rb(5P3/2)共振能级的有效辐射率,使用单模半导体激光器(泵浦激光)将Rb原子激发至5P3/2态,另一调谐到5P3/2→7S1/2的单模激光束(检测激光)与泵浦束反平行通过样品池,并在池的直径方向平行移动,通过对检测激光束的吸收测定了激发态原子密度及其空间分布.由于辐射陷获存在,有效辐射率是自然辐射率与透射因子(发射的光子在探测区域内没有被吸收的平均概率,它与吸收截面及激发态原子密度和空间分布有关)的乘积.5P3/2原子密度及其空间分布结合5P3/2←5S1/2跃迁线的碰撞增宽计算了透射因子,从而得到了不同He气压下,Rb D2线的有效辐射率.从5P3/2→5S1/2跃迁线强度I780的测量,得到的不同He气压下有效辐射率的比值与理论计算得到的比值相符.     

激光激发Rb＋H2系统形成RbH分子机理的实验研究

在Rb-H2混合系统中用激光(泵浦激光)将基态Rb原子激发到Rb(5P3/2)能级,将调谐至5P3/2→7S1/2跃迁的另一激光束(检测激光)与泵浦激光反向平行通过样品池,并在池的直径方向平行移动,利用光学吸收法得到Rb(5P3/2)态的密度及其空间分布。由于辐射陷获存在,有效辐射率是自然辐射率与透射因子(发射的光子在探测区域内没有被吸收的平均概率,它与吸收截面及激发态原子密度和空间分布有关)的乘积。由5P3/2原子密度及其空间分布结合5P3/2←5S1/2跃迁线的碰撞增宽计算了透射因子。能量合并过程5P3/2 5P3/2→5S1/2 5D产生高位态5D原子,猝灭过程Rb(5P3/2) H2(v=0)→Rb(5S) H2(v=2)产生H2(v=2)态,H2(v=2)密度由Rb(5P3/2)与H2的碰撞猝灭截面得到。Rb(5D) H2和Rb(5P3/2) H2(v=2)发生碰撞反应可生成RbH分子,通过对不同H2密度时5D→5P3/2与5P3/2→5S1/2荧光强度比以及RbH分子X1Σ →A1Σ 跃迁线吸收光强的测量,首次得到了Rb(5D) H2→RbH H和Rb(5P3/2) H2(v=2)→RbH H的反应截面分别为4.02×10-17cm2和1.00×10-18cm2。实验表明,Rb(5P3/2) H2不直接生成RbH分子,而是通过二步反应产生的。     

Rb(5 P_J)+(He、N_2)碰撞能量转移

在气体样品池条件下,研究了Rb(5PJ) (He、N2)碰撞能量转移过程.调频半导体激光器稍微调离共振线,激发Rb原子至Rb(5P3/2)态,在不同的He或N2气压下,测量了直接5P3/2→5S1/2荧光和转移5P1/2→5S1/2荧光.对于5PJ与He的碰撞.电子态能量仅能转移为He原子的平动能.在与N2的碰撞中,向分子振转态的转移是重要的.利用速率方程分析,可以得到碰撞转移速率系数,对于He,5P3/2→5S1/2转移速率系数为2.23×10-12cm3s-1.对于N2,测量5PJ He和5PJ N2二种情况下荧光的相对强度比,利用最小二乘法确定5P3/2→5S1/2转移速率系数为4.38×10-11cm3s-1,5PJ态猝灭速率系数为5.45×10-11cm3s-1.与其他实验结果进行了比较.     

Rb(5PJ)+Rb(5PJ)→Rb(5S)+Rb(nl=5D,7S)碰撞能量合并

研究了Rb(5PJ) Rb(5PJ)→Rb(nlJ') Rb(5S)碰撞能量合并过程,利用单模半导体激光器分别共振激发Rb原子的5P1/2或5P3/2态,利用另一与泵浦激光束反向平行的单模激光束作为吸收线探测激发态原子密度及其空间分布,吸收线分别调至5P1/2→5D3/2和5P3/2→7S1/2跃迁.由激发态原子密度和谱线荧光比得到碰撞能量合并过程的截面,对5P3/2激发,碰撞转移得到5D5/2,5D3/2和7S1/2的截面分别是(1.32士0.59)×10-14,(1.18士0.53)×10-14和(3.21士1.44)×10-15cm2;对5P1/2激发,碰撞转移到5D5/2和5D3/2的截面分别是(6.57士2.96)×10-15和(5.90士2.66)×10-15cm2.与其他的实验结果进行了比较.     

Rb（5PJ）＋Rb（5PJ）→Rb（5JS）＋Rb（nl=5D，7S）碰撞能量合并

研究了Rb(5PJ)+Rb(5PJ)→Rb(nlJ')+Rb(5S)碰撞能量合并过程,利用单模半导体激光器分别共振激发Rb原子的5P1/2或5P3/2态,利用另一与泵浦激光束反向平行的单模激光束作为吸收线探测激发态原子密度及其空间分布,吸收线分别调至5P1/2→5D3/2和5P3/2→7S1/2跃迁.由激发态原子密度和谱线荧光比得到碰撞能量合并过程的截面,对5P3/2激发,碰撞转移得到5D5/2,5D3/2和7S1/2的截面分别是(1.32士0.59)×10-14,(1.18士0.53)×10-14和(3.21士1.44)×10-15cm2;对5P1/2激发,碰撞转移到5D5/2和5D3/2的截面分别是(6.57士2.96)×10-15和(5.90士2.66)×10-15cm2.与其他的实验结果进行了比较.     

Rb蒸气中的5PJ+5PJ′→5S+5DJ″碰撞能量合并

研究了Rb(5PJ) Rb(5PJ′)→Rb(5S) Rb(5DJ″)的碰撞能量合并过程,一台单模半导体激光器共振激发Rb原子的5P1/2或5P3/2态,另一与泵浦激光束反向平行的单模激光束作为吸收线探测激发态原子密度及其空间分布,吸收线分别调至5P1/2→5D3/2和5P3/2→7S1/2跃迁,由激发态原子密度和谱线荧光比得到碰撞能量合并过程5PJ 5PJ′→5S 5DJ″的截面.两台激光器同时分别激发5P1/2和5P3/2态,通过对5DJ″→5PJ的荧光探测,得到5P3/2 5P1/2碰撞转移到5D5/2和5D3/2的截面分别为(1.12±0.50)×10-14和(1.01±0.45)×10-14cm2.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.