特形脉冲的设计与计算机模拟

根据LiouvillevonNeumann方程从理论上对特形脉冲做了全面的描述,提出了一种具体的调幅特形脉冲设计方案:首先将待设计的脉冲展成一个有限Fourier级数,然后根据Bloch方程的解析解准确计算出各阶正弦、余弦波的频谱,再将这些频谱组合后与该脉冲的理想频谱进行比较构成误差函数,最后运用鲍威尔-模拟退火组合优化算法计算出全局最优Fourier系数,即可得到所需脉冲的表达式.应用此设计方案,得到了体系处于热平衡态时的特形激励脉冲和反转脉冲的具体表达式.计算机模拟表明,所得脉冲的频谱具有较好的选择性 关键词： 核磁共振 特形脉冲 Bloch方程 鲍威尔模拟退火组合优化算法     

Pulse shaping by a discrete microstrip

Method for laser pulse shaping by a discrete transmission line has been improvedand simplified.Some calculations are given about deformation of the shaped pulse,passingthrough a laser amplifier.The required profile of electrical pulse can be deduced from the newcalculation when the amplified driving pulse profile is defined.The noise effect is estimated.     

High-resolution indirect pulse shaping by parametric transfer

The phase and amplitude profile of a shaped pulse in the visible is transferred to a pulse in the near-infrared via an optical parametric amplification (OPA) process. Complex shaped pulses, such as multiple-pulse trains and pulses with high-order phase chirp, are produced at 1.2mum . Theoretical conditions necessary for high-fidelity parametric shape transfer are discussed. Similar schemes can be implemented for other OPA systems pumped at near-infrared wavelengths to generate high-resolution shaped pulses in the mid-infrared.     

光脉冲在不同色散光纤环形镜中传输特性

研究了三种不同色散递减类型光纤构成的环形腔对光脉冲传输特性的影响（指数递减、线性递减与抛物线递减）,发现其色散曲线为指数递减的环形腔最有利于皮秒光脉冲的传输与压缩;而对于飞秒脉冲,在高阶效应的影响下,情况恰恰相反,色散曲线为抛物线递减的光纤构成的光纤环最有利于脉冲传输与压缩.并且对于飞秒脉冲,环形腔的光开关特性只是在一定条件下存在.     

High-power third-harmonic flat pulse laser generation

The generation of a high-power laser pulse at 266 nm that is longitudinally shaped according to a prefixed intensity profile is reported. The main features of the pulse shape modifications due to second- and third-harmonic conversions are measured, and the results are in good agreement with the theory. The UV temporal shape depends on the chirp of the fundamental pulse and on the crystal phase-matching angle. Exploiting the large stretching imposed on the third-harmonic signal, we show that the pulse intensity profile can be obtained by spectral single-shot measurements.     

特形脉冲调制中射频泄漏的影响及其补偿

模拟器件的非理想因素和电路分布参数等影响造成了特形脉冲调制时的射频泄漏;这些射频泄漏将对特形脉冲的激发轮廓产生缺陷.本文从特形脉冲的射频调制原理着手,分析了射频泄漏对选择激发轮廓的影响,并采用一种新的相位循环方法对它进行补偿.实验的结果表明这种补偿方法有一定的实用性.     

辐射温度与其驱动Al冲击波速度的定标关系研究

利用一维辐射流体力学程序,对不同脉冲波形的辐射温度与Al中冲击波速度关系进行模拟计算和分析.指出定标公式T_r=0.0126D^0.63主要适用于整形脉冲的辐射温度波形,而对高斯型和方波脉冲激光产生的辐射温度波形则不完全适用,通过计算给出修正的定标公式,且与自相似解得到的结果一致.另外对神光Ⅲ原型装置的整形脉冲辐射温度驱动Al样品冲击波轨迹进行了计算,得到第二个冲击波稳定传播所要求的Al样品的最小厚度.最后利用神光Ⅱ装置产生的辐射驱动冲击波,由修正的定标关系得到的辐射温度与软X射线能谱仪测量的辐射温度十分相符,从实验证实了修正定标关系的可靠性. 关键词： 辐射温度 冲击波速度 定标关系 整形脉冲     

采用较长脉宽双色场获得孤立阿秒脉冲（第15届全国原子与分子物理会议）

通过数值求解一维含时薛定谔方程,本文研究了具有较长脉宽双色激光脉冲与氢原子模型相互作用产生的谐波辐射谱。研究发现,当采用12个光学周期的特定组合脉冲时,孤立阿秒脉冲可以实现。这里特定组合脉冲由两束类似频率脉冲( )构成,附加脉冲的作用恰是调整基频光电场的形状。不同于入射基频光,整形后的基频光在时间始末端电场振幅被抑制,只有中间部分电场对谐波谱有贡献,它的作用等同于单一6飞秒超短脉冲的效果。从而扩展获得孤立阿秒脉冲所需脉宽从6飞秒到12飞秒。     

采用较长脉宽双色场获得孤立阿秒脉冲

通过数值求解一维含时薛定谔方程,本文研究了具有较长脉宽双色激光脉冲与氢原子模型相互作用产生的谐波辐射谱.研究发现,当采用12个光学周期的特定组合脉冲时,孤立阿秒脉冲可以实现.这里特定组合脉冲由两束类似频率脉冲(ω,ω+δω)构成,附加脉冲的作用恰是调整基频光电场的形状.不同于入射基频光,整形后的基频光在时间始末端电场振幅被抑制,只有中间部分电场对谐波谱有贡献,它的作用等同于单一6飞秒超短脉冲的效果.从而扩展获得孤立阿秒脉冲所需脉宽从6飞秒到12飞秒.     

特形脉冲的欧拉角

本文提出了用量子力学的空间转动变换算符描述特形脉冲的方法。它把任意的特形脉冲用三个欧拉角来表示,并且使得在特形脉冲下的相干演化可以很容易地利用多极NMR理论,张量算符理论或者积算符理论来分析,作为例子,用数值方法计算了高斯脉冲的三个参数。     

KrF激光脉冲整形研究

 实验研究了脉冲堆积法对KrF激光的整形能力。利用受激布里渊散射(SBS)压缩脉冲获得了脉宽为3~5 ns的短脉冲，用4束激光堆积获得了脉宽为10~15 ns、平顶宽度为5~10 ns的整形脉冲。利用实测SBS脉冲数据，对脉冲堆积法进行了数值模拟，模拟的脉冲宽度为12.7 ns，平顶宽度为7.7 ns，该结果与实验相符。对脉冲堆积法的任意整形能力进行了模拟，讨论了脉冲宽度变化对整形的影响，发现脉宽变化在5%以内时，对整形脉冲的影响较小。对整形脉冲的放大进行了定性研究，结果表明：平顶脉冲通过放大器后，前沿部分放大较多，由于饱和作用，后沿放大较少；如果前端整形脉冲前沿为斜坡状，放大后可以得到近平顶的脉冲。     

Slice profile effects in 2D slice-selective MRI of hyperpolarized nuclei

This work explores slice profile effects in 2D slice-selective gradient-echo MRI of hyperpolarized nuclei. Two different sequences were investigated: a Spoiled Gradient Echo sequence with variable flip angle (SPGR-VFA) and a balanced Steady-State Free Precession (SSFP) sequence. It is shown that in SPGR-VFA the distribution of flip angles across the slice present in any realistically shaped radiofrequency (RF) pulse leads to large excess signal from the slice edges in later RF views, which results in an undesired non-constant total transverse magnetization, potentially exceeding the initial value by almost 300% for the last RF pulse. A method to reduce this unwanted effect is demonstrated, based on dynamic scaling of the slice selection gradient. SSFP sequences with small to moderate flip angles (<40°) are also shown to preserve the slice profile better than the most commonly used SPGR sequence with constant flip angle (SPGR-CFA). For higher flip angles, the slice profile in SSFP evolves in a manner similar to SPGR-CFA, with depletion of polarization in the center of the slice.     

全光纤多种子激光脉冲产生系统

报道一种可精确同步输出宽带啁啾脉冲、纳秒级整形脉冲以及窄带光参量啁啾放大抽运脉冲的全光纤多种子激光脉冲产生系统.采用掺镱光纤锁模激光器和掺镱单纵模光纤振荡器作为系统的光源,将掺镱光纤锁模激光器输出的超短脉冲分束啁啾展宽至0.9ns后,一路进行放大产生10μJ量级的宽带啁啾脉冲为高能拍瓦激光器系统提供种子光脉冲,另一路通过1.2nm滤波产生140ps的基元脉冲,通过光纤堆积器产生可编程整形的2.3ns脉冲,再经过放大达到10μJ量级,提供任意整形的压缩脉冲.同时,将部分掺镱光纤锁模激光器输出的超短脉冲进行光电转换并锁相后,产生与锁模超短脉冲高精度同步的电脉冲用于触发幅度调制器,将掺镱单纵模光纤振荡器输出的连续光削波放大,产生光参量啁啾放大抽运脉冲.该系统能够根据物理实验的需要,非常灵活地在输出各种脉冲之间做出选择.     

Time–space transformation of femtosecond free‐electron laser pulses by periodical multilayers

A scattering scheme to probe the time evolution of femtosecond pulses of a soft X‐ray free‐electron laser (FEL) in a multilayer structure is presented. The response of periodic multilayers (MLs) with low and high absorption and various numbers of bi‐layers to a pulse train of Gaussian‐shaped sub‐pulses is calculated. During the passage of the incident pulse the interaction length increases and the scattering profile changes as a function of the spatial position of the pulse within the sample. Owing to stretching of the reflected pulse compared with the incident pulse, the time‐dependent scattering evolution in the ML can be visualized along a spatial coordinate of a position‐sensitive detector. Using a scattering geometry where the mean energy of the incident pulse train is slightly detuned from the energy of maximum reflectivity at the first‐order peak, the response of the ML shows an oscillator behaviour along this spatial coordinate at the detector. For a FEL wavelength of 6.4 nm this effect is promising for MLs with low absorption, such as La/C for example. On the other hand, the oscillations will not be present for MLs with high absorption. Therefore a low‐absorbing ML is a sensitive tool for studying the possible change of sample absorption caused by femtosecond‐pulse interaction with matter.     

Thermal behavior of thin metal films irradiated by shaped femtosecond pulse sequences laser

A numerical solution of the two-temperature model has been performed up to the shaped femtosecond pulse sequences heated metal target. The two-temperature model is used to analyze the shaped femtosecond pulse sequences with the following major conclusions. We confirm the distinctly different results on the different shaped femtosecond pulse sequences. As the number of shaped femtosecond pulses increases, the nonequilibrium state between electrons and phonons gradually disappears, the highest transient electron temperature is lowered and the thermolization time is prolonged, the electron heat conductivity remains higher because of the effect of incubation on the electron temperature, which preserves the advantages of ultrashort lasers. The shaped femtosecond pulse sequences can increase the efficiency in ablation and micromachining.     

Quantum computation with vibrationally excited polyatomic molecules: effects of rotation,level structure,and field gradients

Accurate rotation–vibration energy levels and transition dipoles of the molecule thiophosgene are used to model the execution of quantum gates with shaped laser pulses. Qubits are encoded in 2 ⁿ vibrational computing states on the ground electronic surface of the molecule. Computations are carried out by cycling amplitude between these computing states and a gateway state with a shaped laser pulse. The shaped pulse that performs the computation is represented by a physical model of a 128–1024 channel pulse shaper. Pulse shapes are optimized with a standard genetic algorithm, yielding experimentally realizable computing pulses. The robustness of optimization is studied as a function of the vibrational states selected, rotational level structure, additional vibrational levels not assigned to the computation, and compensation for laser power variation across a molecular ensemble.     

一种新的长短光脉冲同步方案

单纵模长激光脉冲经分束后分别输入到两个波导调制器中,同时分别输入两个具有高同步准确度的电脉冲到调制器中.通过这种方式可以实现具有高同步准确度的长短光脉冲的输出.研究结果表明：该方案下长短脉冲的同步准确度可小于3.5 ps（rms）.     

Coherent control of fragmentation of methyl iodide by shaped femtosecond pulse train

Coherent control of fragmentation of CH_3I using shaped femtosecond pulse train is investigated.The dissociation processes can be modulated by changing the separation of the shaped pulse train, and the yield of I~+under the irradiation of the optimal pulse is significantly increased compared with that using the transform-limited pulse.We discuss the control mechanism of dissociation processes with coherent interference in time domain.A three-pulse control model is proposed to explain the counterintuitive experimental results.     

Ultrafast dynamics control on ablation of Cu using shaped femtosecond pulse trains

The ablation processes of Cu film are investigated using temporal shaped femtosecond pulse trains. The depth is modulated by changing the number and interval of the sub-pulses. The underlying ultrafast dynamic processes are discussed based on plasma shielding and electron multiple heating mechanisms. When the sub-pulse interval is less than 0.4 ps electron multiple heating is the dominant mechanism, while the plasma shielding dominates the subsequent ablation processes when the sub-pulse interval is larger than 0.4 ps. The curve of depth obtained by three pulse trains shows more significant oscillation as the function of sub-pulse interval under the low-fluence. We propose that the oscillation of depth is due to the coherent phonon oscillation excited by the pulse train. The study provides a basis for giving insight into the ultrafast dynamics for improving micromachining and nano-fabrications using shaped femtosecond pulse trains.     

Laser pulse spectral shaping based on electro-optic modulation

A new spectrum shaping method, based on electro-optic modulation, to alleviate gain narrowing in chirped pulse amplification （CPA） system, is described and numerically simulated. Near-Fourier transform-limited seed laser pulse is chirped linearly through optical stretcher. Then the chirped laser pulse is coupled into integrated waveguide electro-optic modulator driven by an aperture-coupled-stripline （ACSL） electricalwaveform generator, and the pulse shape and amplitude are shaped in time domain. Because of the direct relationship between frequency interval and time interval of the linearly chirped pulse, the laser pulse spectrum is shaped correspondingly. Spectrum-shaping examples are modeled numerically to determine the spectral resolution of this technique. The phase error introduced in this method is also discussed.