Curing of urea-formaldehyde resins on awood substrate

TG-DTA analysis method was used to study the curing behaviour of urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesive resins in the presence of a wood substrate. The cure process was followed using a Setaram labsys^TM instrument in flowing nitrogen atmosphere by varying the ratio of resin and wood. Resin cure was catalysed with 2% of NH₄Cl. Curing tests were performed in the open standard platinum crucibles and in the sealed glass capsules. To characterise the reactivity of curing system, the peak temperatures in DTA curve and the mass loss values in TG curve were taken as the apparent indices. The main attention was paid to phenomena which actually take place in curing of UF resins during manufacturing of particleboards. Reactivity of the curing system depends mostly on methylol content of resin and can be adequetly evaluated by the maximum temperature of exothermic peak. The wood substrate has a substantial influence on the resin and water diffusion in system causing the changes in water/resin separation and water evaporation conditions. The water movement in curing adhesive joint was a confusing parameter in determining the peak positions. The rate of mass loss on a wood substrate is higher as compared to curing UF resin alone.     

液态聚碳硅烷的固化反应动力学研究

选用过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)和偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)分别引发含乙烯基液态聚碳硅烷(VHPCS)聚合。采用非等温差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究VHPCS/DCP、VHPCS/AIBN两种体系的固化反应动力学,通过Kissinger方程和Crane方程确定相关动力学参数,并由此得出体系的n级固化模型。同时通过β-T外推法确定体系的固化工艺温度,并对体系交联机理及产物热性能进行分析。研究结果表明:VHPCS/DCP、VHPCS/AIBN二体系的活化能分别为72.17kJ/mol、94.11kJ/mol,反应级数分别为0.92、0.93。β-T外推法确定:当升温速率为0℃/min时二体系的近似凝胶化温度均为55℃,峰值温度分别为110℃、107℃,终止温度分别为129.5℃、134℃。FTIR结果表明,VHPCS的交联固化主要是通过双键的自聚合实现,交联后样品的陶瓷产率有所提高。     

二维红外相关光谱研究二胺型苯并噁嗪树脂的热固化机理

以原位红外加热附件(in situ FTIR)跟踪二胺型苯并噁嗪树脂的交联固化过程,用二维红外相关光谱(2D-IR)研究其固化机理.In situ FTIR系列图谱显示苯并噁嗪发生热开环反应后,生成的中间体以两种形式存在,含有C N键的中间体不再继续链的增长,其中一部分在高温下发生裂解反应,生成含有亚胺正离子C N+的Schiff碱;含有碳正离子的中间体继续发生交联聚合反应,生成含有羟基、三取代芳香醚和Mannich桥结构的自聚产物.通过2D-IR的分析,进一步给出固化过程中关键基团的变化顺序,确定了二胺型苯并噁嗪树脂的自聚产物结构含有三取代芳香醚和Mannich桥结构.     

酚醛树脂固化过程的红外光谱分析

利用红外光谱(IR)及其变温样品池、定量分析程序对酚醛树脂固化过程中的结构变化进行了研究,它对于酚醛树脂固化过程的质量控制具有重要意义。     

Curing of diphthalonitrile resin

Curing of diphthalonitrile resin was studied by IR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry. Polymerization of the resin yields triazine and phthalocyanine structures, but the main structural components of the cured matrix are polyimines/isoindolenines.     

Radiation Curing of Coatings

Abstract

Printing inks, paints, and other coatings are applied as a liquid or paste but must change to a solid and nontacky state before the painted or coated article can be used. The change is known as curing or drying. Sometimes it occurs by physical means, the evaporation of a solvent or dispersion medium for example, and sometimes by chemical changes such as polymerization and cross-linking. These chemical processes connect the many relatively small molecules of the original liquid or paste into a large molecular network or insoluble solid, which may be either rigid or rubbery in consistency depending upon the requirements of a particular application. Among traditional materials, gravure inks and many lacquers dry by solvent evaporation while paints and inks based upon linseed oil “dry” by chemical cross-linking promoted by oxygen in the air. Considerable time is usually required for curing in both methods, and the evaporation of solvents can result in air pollution and potential fire hazards. There is also a tendency of the media to dry upon presses, brushes, sprayers, and other application equipment. The long cure time requirement raises difficulties in modern production lines; the other factors have become more acute since the rapid rise of petroleum prices and the advent of air pollution legislation.     

生物基环氧树脂及固化剂研究现状

生物基高分子材料以可再生资源为主要原料,它在减少塑料行业对石油资源消耗的同时,也减少了石油化工原料在生产过程中对环境的污染,具有节约石油资源和保护环境的双重功效。桐油和松香是我国两种重要的天然可再生资源,在目前将化工原料逐步转向可再生资源的时代背景下,它们已被广泛应用于高分子材料的合成和改性。生物基热固性树脂是一个意义重大且前景广阔的研究领域,本文就桐油和松香在生物基环氧树脂和固化剂方面的应用进行了系统的综述和展望。     

低温固化交联剂的制备

多异氰酸酯;活泼氢物质;低温固化交联剂的制备;解封闭;有机锡化合物     

含联苯结构环氧树脂体系固化反应动力学研究

用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)对含联苯结构环氧树脂(TMBP)/4,4′-二氨基二苯砜(DDS)固化体系的固化反应过程进行了分析,并用Kissinger和Ozawa方法分别求得体系固化反应的表观活化能ΔE为69.7和74.2kJ/mol,根据Crane理论计算得到该体系的固化反应级数n=0.89及在不同升温速率下的频率因子A,确定了使用DDS作为固化剂的固化反应条件.     

Non-Conventional Curing of Organic-Inorganic Hybrids

Infrared and microwave curing of organic–inorganic hybrid materials was studied, in order to achieve the maximum conversion without detrimental effects due to the overheating or to the long-time permanence at high temperature. Partially cured poly(ethylene oxide)/silica hybrids were prepared by hydrolysis and subsequent condensation of precursors for 30 minutes isothermal heat treatment at 70°C. The conversion after the preliminary treatment is still low and requires an additional heating to complete the reaction. Three different thermal treatments were investigated: conventional heating, infrared heating and microwave heating. DSC characterisation of the obtained samples evidenced a drastic reduction of the treatment time when microwaves were used, requiring only a few seconds, compared to the hours-lasting conventional treatments.     

Curing of alkyds based on semi-drying oils with melamine resin

An alkyd/melamine resin mixtures are mainly used in industrial baking enamels. The aim of this work was to study the curing behaviour of alkyds based on dehydrated castor oil and soybean oil with melamine resin by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The kinetic parameters obtained by the transformation of dynamic DSC results into isothermal data through Ozawa kinetic model are in good agreement with those determined by the isothermal DSC experiments. The apparent degree of curing, determined by DSC measurements and sol/gel method, has a pronounced effect on the hardness of the resultant coating film.     

FTIR法研究环氧树脂固化反应动力学

用傅里叶红外光谱（ＦＴＩＲ）法研究了双酚Ｓ环氧树脂和甲溴双酚Ａ环氧树脂分别与二胺基二苯砜在恒温条件下的固化反应动力学,得出了各反应的表观活化能。     

Influence of Residual Polyesterification Catalysts on the Curing of Polyesters

 Unsaturated polyesters are synthesized by means of polyesterification, often with catalysts like strong acids, metal oxides and metal-organic salts. Most often, the catalysts used cannot be separated from the bulk of the polyester. Also, some organic or inorganic additives – called fillers – which are used with the polyester in order to decrease cost, affect the curing of the polyester. In this work the effect of residual catalyst on the curing of unsaturated polyester is studied. Unsaturated polyesters were prepared using propylene glycol with a 10% molar excess over stoichiometry and a mixture of dicarboxylic acids, namely maleic acid (unsaturated) adipic acid (saturated) and phthalic anhydride (saturated) at a molar ratio 1:2:2. Lead dioxide, p-toluenesulfonic acid and zinc acetate were used as catalysts, at 0.1% w/w. After the polyesterification, the polymers were diluted with styrene at a proportion of 100:30 w/w. The resins were cured by using MEKP (methylethylketone peroxide) as initiator and CoNp (cobalt naphthenate) as accelerator. Catalysts affect the final color of the polyester. The kinetics of curing of the resins was studied by DSC analysis based on the exothermic peak due to the double bonds breaking to give crosslinked macromolecules. The heat released ΔH is decreased by the presence of catalyst, while activation energy, the frequency factor and the order of reaction are increased.     

Hyperbranched Polymers in Cationic UV Curing

Summary: A wide range of hyperbranched polymers (HBP) was synthesized and investigated as additives in cationic photopolymerization of epoxy systems. The HBP were inserted into the polymeric network either by a copolymerization or through a chain transfer reaction involving the phenolic hydroxyl groups. By varying the type and concentration of HBP a modification of the bulk properties of photocured films was induced. An increase of toughness properties together with a flexibilization was obtained without affecting the processability and the viscosity of the photocurable mixture. In the presence of fluorine-containing HBP, a surface modification was induced.     

紫外光固化涂料及其发展状况

紫外光固化涂料具有高效率、低消耗的特点,是一种新型环保节能型涂料。文章综述了紫外光固化涂料的特点、固化原理、主要组成包括齐聚物、活性稀释剂、光引发剂和助剂以及紫外光固化涂料的发展前景。     

Curing of a maleimide model compound

A monofunctional maleimide-ended model compound was synthesized and purified. The thermal curing of this compound was followed by size exclusion chromatography and the molecular masses of the oligomers formed during the curing reaction were determined by mass spectroscopy. It was found that high molecular mass species were not thermally stable. At high temperature and after enough time, a strong decrease in the polydispersity of the oligomers and a significantly preferential formation of trimer were observed. From ¹³C-NMR characterization, a five membered ring structure was found for the trimer, which explains the thermal stability of this species. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Thermal Degradation and Curing of Polyphenylene

Abstract

The effect of chlorine and polynuclear structures on the thermal degradation of polyphenylene has been examined. The thermal dehalogenation reaction has been utilized to cross-link the polymer. Composites stabilized in this manner were evaluated by exposure to an oxyacetylene torch.     

Curing kinetics of liquid-crystalline epoxy resins

By endcapping mesogenic rigid rod molecules with reactive epoxy groups a novel class of liquid-crystalline thermoset has been obtained. In fact is has been shown that the nematic molecular arrangement is sustained over the crosslinking reaction of liquid-crystalline epoxy resins when the curing reaction is carried out in the thermal stability range of the liquid-crystalline phase. Calorimetric analysis was used in characterizing the isothermal cure. An unsophisticated model is proposed for evaluating the activation energies of the crosslinking reaction. For liquid-crystalline epoxy resins lower activation energies result with respect to the cure reactions for non liquid-crystalline epoxy resins.     

A Curing System for Polyorganosiloxane Compositions

A method for synthesis and purification of polydimethylboronzirconiumsiloxane, which is used as a component in a curing system for single-component organosilicon compositions applied in technologies for manufacturing of microelectronics products, is developed. It is shown that the introduction of heterosiloxane polymer allows one to obtain electroinsulating corrosion-passive coatings that possess high adhesion to structural materials and operate in a wide temperature range under conditions of increased humidity.