反映强流动曲率效应的非线性湍流模型

首先定性地分析了流线曲率效应对流场湍流结构的影响,然后以U型槽道流为典型算例,对多种湍流模型进行了评估．评估的模型包括:线性涡粘性模型,二阶和三阶非线性涡粘性模型,二阶显式代数应力模型和Reynolds应力模型．评估结果表明,性能良好的三阶非线性涡粘性模型,如黄于宁等人发展的HM模型以及CLS模型,可以较好地描述流线的曲率效应对湍流结构的影响,如凸曲率作用下内壁附近湍流强度的衰减和凹曲率作用下外壁附近湍流的增强,并且较好地确定了管道下游的分离点位置和分离泡长度,其预测的结果和实验符合较好,与Reynolds力模型的结果十分接近,因此可以较好地应用于具有曲率效应的工程湍流的计算．     

On rational approaches to formulate minimal integrity basis for explicit stress closures

Due to their high efficiency and robustness almost all simulations of complex engineering flows rely on turbulence models with explicit stress closures. Focal point of an explicit stress closure is the stress‐strain‐relationship, that couples the Reynolds‐stresses to the velocity field. Mostly linear eddy‐viscosity models are employed, thus, they are based on the hypothesis and assume Reynolds‐stress proportional to the strain‐rate tensor. Therefore, they are easy to implement, but they fail to predict complex flow fields besides two dimensional shear flow such as secondary flow in non‐circular ducts. In contrast to these models, explicit algebraic stress models (EASM) represent the Reynolds‐stress by the integrity basis of the strain‐rate and vorticity tensors. This leads to a more general stress‐strain‐relationship, however, it increases the implementation and computation effort. In this paper the properties of the integrity basis will be discussed and the derivation of a minimal integrity basis will be proposed.     

On the field of definition of vector bundles on real varieties

We consider the possibility of defining over small fields the generators for theK-theory of strongly algebraic vector bundles on a real smooth variety. Furthermore we discuss how to construct in an explicit way algebraic models (defined over small fields and with other good arithmetic properties) of two-dimensional disconnected differential manifolds (and related singular spaces).Dedicated to the memory of C. BanicaThis work was partially sponsored by MURST and GNSAGA of CNR (Italy).     

Higher Intersection Theory on Algebraic Stacks: I

In this paper and the sequel we establish a theory of Chow groups and higher Chow groups on algebraic stacks locally of finite type over a field and establish their basic properties. This includes algebraic stacks in the sense of Deligne–Mumford as well as Artin. An intrinsic difference between our approach and earlier approaches is that the higher Chow groups of Bloch enter into our theory early on and depends heavily on his fundamental work. Our theory may be more appropriately called the (Lichtenbaum) motivic homology and cohomology of algebraic stacks. One of the main themes of these papers is that such a motivic homology does provide a reasonable intersection theory for algebraic stacks (of finite type over a field), with several key properties holding integrally and extending to stacks locally of finite type. While several important properties of our higher Chow groups, like covariance for projective representable maps (that factor as the composition of a closed immersion into the projective space associated to a locally free coherent sheaf and the obvious projection), an intersection pairing and contravariant functoriality for all smooth algebraic stacks, are shown to hold integrally, our theory works best with rational coefficients.The main results of Part I are the following. The higher Chow groups are defined in general with respect to an atlas, but are shown to be independent of the choice of the atlas for smooth stacks if one uses finite coefficients with torsion prime to the characteristics or in general for Deligne–Mumford stacks. (Using some results on motivic cohomology, we extend this integrally to all smooth algebraic stacks in Part II.) Using cohomological descent, we extend Bloch's fundamental localization sequence for quasi-projective schemes to long exact localization sequences of the higher Chow groups modulo torsion for all Artin stacks: this is one of the main results of the paper. We show that these higher Chow groups modulo torsion are covariant for all proper representable maps between stacks of finite type while being contravariant for all representable flat maps and, in Part II, that they are independent of the choice of an atlas for all stacks of finite type over the given field k. The comparison with motivic cohomology, as is worked out in Part II, enables us to provide an explicit comparison of our theory for quotient stacks associated to actions of linear algebraic groups on quasi-projective schemes with the corresponding Totaro–Edidin–Graham equivariant intersection theory. As an application of our theory we compute the higher Chow groups of Deligne–Mumford stacks and show that they are isomorphic modulo torsion to the higher Chow groups of their coarse moduli spaces. As a by-product of our theory we also produce localization sequences in (integral) higher Chow groups for all schemes locally of finite type over a field: these higher Chow groups are defined as the Zariski hypercohomology with respect to the cycle complex.     

On expansion of algebraic functions in power and Puiseux series, I

We present algorithms that (a) reduce an algebraic equation, defining an algebraic function, to a Fuchsian differential equation that this function satisfies; and (b) compute coefficients in the expansions of solutions of linear differential equations in the neighborhood of regular singularities via explicit linear recurrences. This allows us to compute the Nth coefficient (or N coefficients) of an algebraic function of degree d in O(dN) operations with O(d) storage (or O(dN) storage).     

Polynomial Vector Fields with Prescribed Algebraic Limit Cycles

For each non-singular real algebraic curve f = 0 of degree m we exhibit an explicit vector field of degree m which has precisely the bounded components of f = 0 as limit cycles. The degree of the system is optimal for a generic class of algebraic curves and improves the significantly the bounds given by Winkel.     

A Quillen-type spectral sequence for the K-theory of varieties with isolated singularities

We construct a spectral sequence to compute the algebraic K-theory of any quasiprojective scheme X, when X has isolated singularities, using an explicit flasque resolution of the K-theory sheaves. This is a generalization of Quillen's construction for nonsingular varieties. The explicit resolution makes it possible to relate K-theory to intersection theory on singular schemes.Partially supported by NSF grants.Dedicated to A. Grothendieck on his sixtieth birthday     

Walks on the slit plane

 In the first part of this paper, we enumerate exactly walks on the square lattice that start from the origin, but otherwise avoid the half-line . We call them walks on the slit plane. We count them by their length, and by the coordinates of their endpoint. The corresponding three variable is algebraic of degree 8. Moreover, for any point (i, j), the length for walks of this type ending at (i, j) is also algebraic, of degree 2 or 4, and involves the famous Catalan numbers. Our method is based on the solution of a functional equation, established via a simple combinatorial argument. It actually works for more general models, in which walks take their steps in a finite subset of ℤ² satisfying two simple conditions. The corresponding are always algebraic. In the second part of the paper, we derive from our enumerative results a number of probabilistic corollaries. For instance, we can compute exactly the probability that an ordinary random walk starting from (i, j) hits for the first time the half-line at position (k, 0), for any triple (i, j, k). This generalizes a question raised by R. Kenyon, which was the starting point of this paper. Taking uniformly at random all n-step walks on the slit plane, we also compute the probability that they visit a given point (k, 0), and the average number of visits to this point. In other words, we quantify the transience of the walks. Finally, we derive an explicit limit law for the coordinates of their endpoint. Received: 22 December 2001 / Revised version: 19 February 2002 / Published online: 30 September 2002 Both authors were partially supported by the INRIA, via the cooperative research action Alcophys. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): O5A15-60C05     

On new explicit Riemannian <Emphasis Type="Italic">SU</Emphasis>(2(<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis> + 1))-holonomy metrics

Generalizing the Calabi metrics in dimension 4(n + 1), we construct a family of complete noncompact Ricci-flat metrics with holonomy SU(2(n + 1)) in explicit algebraic form.     

Index Reduction Formulas for Twisted Flag Varieties, II

This is a continuation of the determination begun in K-Theory 10 (1996), 517–596, of explicit index reduction formulas for function fields of twisted flag varieties of adjoint semisimple algebraic groups. We give index reduction formulas for the varieties associated to the classical simple groups of outer type A _n-1 and D _n, and the exceptional simple groups of type E ₆ and E ₇. We also give formulas for the varieties associated to transfers and direct products of algebraic groups. This allows one to compute recursively the index reduction formulas for the twisted flag varieties of any semi-simple algebraic group.     

Scalar products in models with the GL(3) trigonometric R-matrix: General case

We study quantum integrable models with the GL(3) trigonometric R-matrix solvable by the nested algebraic Bethe ansatz and obtain an explicit representation for a scalar product of generic Bethe vectors in terms of a sum over partitions of Bethe parameters. This representation generalizes the known formula for scalar products in models with the GL(3)-invariant R-matrix.     

Linearity-preserving flux correction and convergence acceleration for constrained Galerkin schemes

This paper is concerned with the development of general-purpose algebraic flux correction schemes for continuous (linear and multilinear) finite elements. In order to enforce the discrete maximum principle (DMP), we modify the standard Galerkin discretization of a scalar transport equation by adding diffusive and antidiffusive fluxes. The result is a nonlinear algebraic system satisfying the DMP constraint. An estimate based on variational gradient recovery leads to a linearity-preserving limiter for the difference between the function values at two neighboring nodes. A fully multidimensional version of this scheme is obtained by taking the sum of local bounds and constraining the total flux. This new approach to algebraic flux correction provides a unified treatment of stationary and time-dependent problems. Moreover, the same algorithm is used to limit convective fluxes, anisotropic diffusion operators, and the antidiffusive part of the consistent mass matrix.The nonlinear algebraic system associated with the constrained Galerkin scheme is solved using fixed-point defect correction or a nonlinear SSOR method. A dramatic improvement of nonlinear convergence rates is achieved with the technique known as Anderson acceleration (or Anderson mixing). It blends a number of last iterates in a GMRES fashion, which results in a Broyden-like quasi-Newton update. The numerical behavior of the proposed algorithms is illustrated by a grid convergence study for convection-dominated transport problems and anisotropic diffusion equations in 2D.     

Degree of the divisor of solutions of a differential equation on a projective variety

Using the data schemes from [1] we give a rigorous definition of algebraic differential equations on the complex projective space Pⁿ. For an algebraic subvariety S?Pⁿ, we present an explicit formula for the degree of the divisor of solutions of a differential equation on S and give some examples of applications. We extend the technique and result to the real case.     

Rational surfaces in algebraic models of smooth manifolds

Every compact smooth manifold M is diffeomorphic to a nonsingular real algebraic set, called an algebraic model of M. We study modulo 2 homology classes represented by rational algebraic surfaces in X, as X runs through the class of all algebraic models of M. Received: 16 June 2007     

Approximate preservation of quadratic first integrals by explicit Runge–Kutta methods

The approximate preservation of quadratic first integrals (QFIs) of differential systems in the numerical integration with Runge–Kutta (RK) methods is studied. Conditions on the coefficients of the RK method to preserve all QFIs up to a given order are obtained, showing that the pseudo-symplectic methods studied by Aubry and Chartier (BIT 98(3):439–461, 1998) of algebraic order p preserve QFIs with order q = 2p. An expression of the error of conservation of QFIs by a RK method is given, and a new explicit six-stage formula with classical order four and seventh order of QFI-conservation is obtained by choosing their coefficients so that they minimize both local truncation and conservation errors. Several formulas with algebraic orders 3 and 4 and different orders of conservation have been tested with some problems with quadratic and general first integrals. It is shown that the new fourth-order explicit method preserves much better the qualitative properties of the flow than the standard fourth-order RK method at the price of two extra function evaluations per step and it is a practical and efficient alternative to the fully implicit methods required for a complete preservation of QFIs.     

Complexity and rank of homogeneous spaces

We study an algebraic varieties with the action of a reductive group G. The relation is elucidated between the notions of complexity and rank of an arbitrary G-variety and the structure of stabilizers of general position of some actions of G itself and its Borel subgroup. The application of this theory to homogeneous spaces provides the explicit formulas for the rank and the complexity of quasiaffine G/H in terms of co-isotropy representation of H. The existence of Cartan subspace (and hence the freeness of algebra of invariants) for co-isotropy representation of a connected observable spherical subgroup H is proved.     

On Mordell-Weil Lattices of Type D5

We establish the analogue for D₅ of the theory of algebraic equation of type E_r (T. SHIODA: Construction of elliptic curves with high rank via the invariants of the Weyl groups, J. Math. Soc. Japan 43 , 1991, No. 4, 673-719), which is one of the results of the theory of Mordell-Weil lattices. As an application, we give a method of constructing an elliptic curve over Q(t) with rank 5, together with explicit generators of the Mordell-Weil group.