Variational Phase Field Modeling of Fracture Caused by Fluid Transport in Poroelastic Solids

The numerical modeling of failure mechanisms due to fracture based on sharp crack discontinuities is extremely demanding and suffers in situations with complex crack topologies. This drawback can be overcome by recently developed diffusive crack modeling concepts, which are based on the introduction of a crack phase field. Such an approach is conceptually in line with gradient-extended continuum damage models which include internal length scales. In this paper, we extend our recently outlined mechanical framework [1–3] towards the phase field modeling of fracture in the coupled problem of fluid transport in deforming porous media. Here, extremely complex crack patterns may occur due to drying or hydraulic induced fracture, the so called fracking. We develop new variational potentials for Biot-type fluid transport in porous media at finite deformations coupled with phase field fracture. It is shown, that this complex coupled multi-field problem is related to an intrinsic mixed variational principle for the evolution problem. This principle determines the rates of deformation, fracture phase field and fluid content along with the fluid potential. We develop a robust computational implementation of the coupled problem based on the potentials mentioned above and demonstrate its performance by the numerical simulation of complex fracture patterns. (© 2014 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

饱和多孔介质耦合系统的变分原理

本文采用变积方法,建立了等温准静态下饱和多孔介质的六类变量的广义变分原理.在此基础上,通过引入约束条件得到各级变分原理,其中包括五类变量,四类变量,三类变量和二类变量的变分原理.除得到文献中已有的变分原理外,本文给出了许多新的变分原理,为建立饱和多孔介质的有限元模型提供了基础.     

多孔固体充满黏性流体时的边界条件

基于物理学基本原理和能量守恒定律的精确检查,导出充满黏性流体多孔固体边界呈连续性要求的边界条件.当孔隙流体具有黏性时,多孔弹性固体就是一个耗散的充满黏性流体的多空固体.孔隙流体的黏性造成的耗散应力准确地表达了边界条件.边界上两种固体连接的不完全,导致孔隙流体的流出,多孔骨料两边微粒运动的不平衡.导出多孔.多孔固体界面孔隙局部连接时的数学模型.在该界面上,滑移的松.紧,以及孔隙开.合,能造成一部分应变能的耗散.数值结果表明,在水和饱和油砂岩之间的界面上,修正的边界条件将影响各向同性多孔介质中折射波的能量.     

Towards Phase Field Modeling of Ductile Fracture in Gradient-Extended Elastic-Plastic Solids

The modeling of failure in ductile metals must account for complex phenomena at a micro-scale as well as the final rupture at the macro-scale. Within a top-down viewpoint, this can be achieved by the combination of a micro-structure-informed elastic-plastic model with a concept for the modeling of macroscopic crack discontinuities. In this context, it is important to account for material length scales and thermo-mechanical coupling effects due to dissipative heating. This can be achieved by the construction of non-standard, gradient-enhanced models of plasticity with a full embedding into continuum thermodynamics [1,2]. The modeling of macroscopic cracks can be achieved in a convenient way by recently developed continuum phase field approaches to fracture based on regularized crack discontinuities. This avoids the use of complex discretization methods for crack discontinuities, and can account for complex crack patterns within a pure continuum formulation. Moreover, the phase field modeling of fracture is related to gradient theories of continuum damage mechanics, and fits nicely the structure of constitutive models for gradient plasticity. The main focus of this work is the extensions to gradient thermoplasticity and phase field formulation of ductile fracture, conceptually in line with the work [3]. (© 2014 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

三维弹性固体中冲击波传输方程的Lagrange描述

在Lagrange坐标中导出了三维非线性弹性固体中冲击波幅度在任意传播方向上的传输方程.导出的方程说明,冲击波的幅度在任意传播方向上随时间的变化率依赖于(i)冲击波阵面紧后方介质运动的一个未知量;(ii)冲击波阵面的两个主曲率;(iii)冲击波法向波速在阵面内的表面梯度;(iv)和冲击波前方介质运动有关的非齐次项,当前方介质处于均匀运动状态时此项为零.文中指出了适当选择传播矢量以简化传输方程的几种方法.我们还得到了一组与介质本构方程无关的、联系冲击波各跳跃量变化率的普适关系.     

Tangent Conics at Quartic Surfaces and Conics in Quartic Double Solids

For a quartic double solid we study the parameter space of conics (i.e. of smooth rational curves C ⊂ Z such that C · φ*O(1) = 2). This parameter space is naturally fibred (with disconnected fibres) over Pˇ³. We study the monodromy of the fibres and determine this way the irreducible components of the parameter space.     

Exact Solutions of a Mathematical Model for Fluid Transport in Peritoneal Dialysis

A mathematical model for fluid transport in peritoneal dialysis is constructed. The model is based on a nonlinear system of two-dimensional partial differential equations with corresponding boundary and initial conditions. Using the classical Lie scheme, we establish that the base system of partial differential equations (under some restrictions on coefficients) is invariant under the infinite-dimensional Lie algebra, which enables us to construct families of exact solutions. Moreover, exact solutions with a more general structure are found using another (non-Lie) technique. Finally, it is shown that some of the solutions obtained describe the hydrostatic pressure and the glucose concentration in peritoneal dialysis. __________ Published in Ukrains'kyi Matematychnyi Zhurnal, Vol. 57, No. 8, pp. 1112–1119, August, 2005.     

Atomic Vibrations in Solids

This paper is an introductory survey of the basic theory ofatomic vibrations in solids. Crystalline solids, solids withdefects, and disordered materials are considered both generallyand by means of illustrative models. The emphasis throughoutis on a unified approach, using the formalism and theorems ofmatrix algebra.     

不规则界面对扭转表面波在初应力各向异性多孔弹性层中传播的影响

研究了扭转表面波在一个半无限非均匀半空间中的传播,半空间上覆盖着具有初始应力的各向异性多孔弹性层,弹性层的刚度和密度线性地变化,造成了界面的不规则性．半空间中界面的不规则性,用一个矩形形式表示．可以发现,扭转表面波在这样假定的介质中传播,得到了没有不规则性时的扭转表面波的速度方程．还可以发现,对于均匀半空间覆盖的层状介质,扭转表面波的速度与Love波的速度相一致．     

不对称柔性壁管道内幂律流体蠕动传输的精确解

在不对称管道内,研究了壁面柔曲性对非Newton流体蠕动流的影响.流变学性质由幂律流体本构方程表征.在数学表达中,采用了长波和低Reynolds数近似.得到了流函数和速度的精确解.给出了流线图及其俘获现象.对所讨论的流动,陈列了关键参数的显著特征,并最后给出了主要结论.     

A Stream Function Approach to Optical Flow with Applications to Fluid Transport Dynamics

Optical flow is one of the classical problems in computer vision, but it has recently also been adapted to applications from other fields, such as fluid mechanics and dynamical systems. If the goal is to analyze the dynamics of system whose evolution is governed by a flow field that is the gradient of a potential function – which describes many flows in fluid dynamics – it is natural to approach the optical flow problem by reconstructing the potential function, also called the stream function, rather than reconstructing the components of the flow directly. This alternate approach allows one to impose scientific priors, via regularization, directly on the flow itself rather than on its components independently. We demonstrate the stream function formulation of optical flow and its application to reconstructing an oceanic fluid flow driven by satellite measurements. It is also shown how these flow fields can be used to analyze mixing and mass transport in the fluid system being imaged. (© 2011 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Transport and Reaction Processes in Concrete at High Temperatures

Simulating processes in concrete at high temperatures requires coupled formulation of transport and reaction. Transport can be formulated using balance equations for mass and heat as well as constitutive equations. The equations have to be valid in the whole temperature range from 293 K up to 1000 K. Instantaneous thermodynamic equilibrium is assumed for the gas and liquid phase of water substance. Above the critical point of water, only its gas phase exist. This requires a combined mass balance, which contains vapour balance as well as the mass balance of liquid water. Rapid evaporation of water and degradation of cement minerals leads to an enormous pressure increase in the gas phase. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

滑移和感应磁场对Johnson-Segalman流体蠕动传输的影响

存在感应磁场和滑移条件下,研究Johnson-Segalman(J-S)流体在平面通道中的蠕动流.通道中的流动认为是对称的,并在剪切应力项中考虑了速度的滑移条件.首先给出问题的数学公式,然后在长波长和低Reynolds数近似下,求解该方程组得到摄动解,确定沿管道截面的压力增量、轴向速度、微转动分量、流函数、磁力函数、轴向感应磁场和电流密度分布公式.导出了小数值Weis-senberg数时解的表达式,分析并勾画出诸流动物理量的有趣变化.     

流变学流体的蠕动传输:食道中食物块的运动模型

研究食道中蠕动传输的流体力学.对任意的波形和任意的管道长度,建立起流变学流体蠕动传输的数学模型.用粘性流体的Ostwald-de Waele幂定律,描述非Newton流体的流动特性.解析公式化模型,详细且精确地给出食物块在食道中蠕动传输相关的一些重要性质.分析中应用了润滑理论,本研究特别适合于Reynolds数不大的情况.将食道看作环形的管道,通过食道壁周期性的收缩来传输食物块.就单个波和周期性收缩一组波的传播,研究与传输过程有关变量的变化,如压力、流速、食物颗粒轨迹以及流量等.局部压力的变化,对流变指数n有着高度的敏感性.研究结果清晰地表明,食物块在食道中蠕动传输时,Newton流体或流变学流体构成的连续流体,以组合波传播比大间隔单波传播,传输效率要高得多.     

Sediment Transport and Deposition from a Two-layer Fluid Model of Gravity Currents on Sloping Bottoms

This article reports on a theoretical and numerical study of noneroding turbulent gravity currents moving down mildly inclined surfaces while depositing sediment. These flows are modeled by means of two-layer fluid systems appropriately modified to account for the presence of a sloping bottom and suspended sediment in the lower layer. A detailed scaling argument shows that when the density of the interstitial fluid is slightly greater than that of the ambient and the suspension is such that its volume fraction is of the order of the aspect ratio squared, for low aspect ratio flows a two-layer shallow-water theory is applicable. In this theory there is a decoupling of particle and flow dynamics. In contrast, however, when the densities of interstitial and ambient fluids are equal, so that it is the presence of the particles alone that drives the flow, we find that a consistent shallow-water theory is impossible no matter how small the aspect ratio or the initial volume fraction occupied by the particles. Our two-layer shallow-water formulation is employed to investigate the downstream evolution of flow and depositional characteristics for sloping bottoms. This investigation uncovers a new phenomenon in the formation of a rear compressive zone giving rise to shock formation in the post-end-wall-separation phase of the particle-bearing gravity flow. This separation of flow from the end wall in these fixed volume releases differs from what has been observed on horizontal surfaces where the flow always remains in contact with the end wall.     

两层流体界面上的孤立波

本文讨论两水平固壁间两层不可压无粘流体界面上的孤立波,计及界面上的表面张力效应.首先建立了适用于这种模型的基本方程组,并在弱色散近似下应用约化摄动法,导得了一阶界面升高所满足的Korteweg-de Vries方程,指出了按该方程系数α和μ的符号的异同,KdV孤立波可能凸向上或凸向下.然后详细讨论了原有近似下非线性效应与色散效应不能平衡的两种临界情形.在采用了适当的近似之后,对第一种临界情形(α=0)得到了修正的KdV方程,并指出,在所考虑的情形中,当μ>0时孤立波不存在,当μ<0时,孤立波仍可能存在,其形式与KdV孤立波不同;对第二种临界情形(μ=0),导得了推广的KdV方程,这时存在振荡型孤立波.文中还对近临界情形作了讨论.本文结果与一些经典结果完全一致,并把它们作了拓广.     

A Phase-Field Model of Ductile Fracture at Finite Strains

This work outlines a variational-based framework for the phase field modeling of ductile fracture in elastic-plastic solids at large strains. The phase field approach regularizes sharp crack discontinuities within a pure continuum setting by a specific gradient damage model with geometric features rooted in fracture mechanics. Based on the recent works [1, 2], the phase field model of ductile fracture is linked to a formulation of gradient plasticity at finite strains in order to ensure the crack to evolve inside the plastic zones. The thermodynamic formulation is based on the definition of a constitutive work density function including the stored elastic energy and the dissipated work due to plasticity and fracture. The proposed canonical theory is shown to be governed by a rate-type minimization principle, which determines the coupled multi-field evolution problem. Another aspect is the regularization towards a micromorphic gradient plasticity-damage setting which enhances the robustness of the finite element formulation. (© 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Maxwell流体在有限长管道中作不稳定的蠕动传输:食道吞咽进程分析

解析地研究了有限长管道中Maxwell流体的不稳定蠕动传输.管壁受到不超过静止边界的收缩波作用.对无量纲形式的方程,应用长波长近似进行分析.导出了轴向速度和径向速度的表达式,评估了沿波长和管道长度方向的压力.讨论了回流现象,确定了回流极限区域.对食道中咀嚼食物(如面包、蛋白等)传输的数学公式给出了物理上的解释.可以看出,与Newton流体相比,Maxwell流体有利于在食道中的流动.与Takahashi等[Rheology,1999,27:169-172]的实验结果相符合.进一步揭示了松弛时间既不影响剪应力,也不影响回流极限.发现了压力的峰值,对整数值波列是相同的,而对非整数值波列是不同的.