波聚合制备聚(天然橡胶-接枝-丙烯酰胺)吸水膨胀橡胶

采用波聚合工艺快速制备了聚(天然橡胶-接枝-丙烯酰胺)吸水膨胀橡胶.该波聚合过程能够在45℃左右被引发,最高波温达到112℃,波速0.3~1.0 cm·min-1.与传统间歇聚合工艺相比,波聚合制备样品的接枝效率达到51.8%,是传统间歇聚合制品的2.8倍;最大吸水倍率为7.66 g·g-1,是传统聚合制品的1.6倍;聚合时间为传统间歇聚合的1/8.扫描电镜观测发现,波聚合制备的吸水膨胀橡胶呈现均匀分布的蜂窝状微孔结构,孔直径在4~10μm之间,该结构有利于橡胶在保持高强度和弹性的同时,提高吸水性能;而传统间歇聚合制品内则以小于2μm的微孔为主,同时有少数近毫米级的条形大孔存在.     

双组分互穿网络/蒙脱土复合吸水橡胶的制备及性能

通过乳液聚合制备了双组分互穿网络/蒙脱土复合吸水橡胶, 采用透射电镜、扫描电镜对所制备样品进行了表征, 并考察了样品的吸水性能及吸水后的力学性能. 结果表明, 所制备的吸水橡胶中橡胶相与树脂相高度分散互穿, 吸水后材料表面未观察到相分离现象; 蒙脱土片层结构分散在材料中, 增加了材料的强度. 吸水过程缓慢, 前期吸水倍率与时间呈线性递增, 在40 d达到吸水平衡; 温度越高, 吸水倍率越大. 样品吸水倍率为6.5时, 弹性模量达到40000 Pa以上, 黏性模量为1000 Pa; 样品吸水倍率为25.8时受压破裂应变为80%左右.     

吸水膨胀弹性体在不同介质中的溶胀行为

研究了由共硫化法制得的三种吸水膨胀弹性体（ＷＳＥ）在不同介质中的溶胀行为，得出了溶胀速率方程和动力学参数，确定了不同介质对平衡溶胀度（Ｑｅ）的影响规律．     

氯化聚乙烯共混丙烯酸钠制备吸水膨胀橡塑材料

力化学;氯化聚乙烯共混丙烯酸钠制备吸水膨胀橡塑材料     

吸水树脂吸附分离研究进展

吸水树脂,也称高弹性凝胶,是一种新型功能高分子材料,具有优良的吸水和保水性能,已广泛用作生理卫生用品等,而很少用作吸附分离材料.本文在对吸水树脂的基本类型与主要特点、影响吸液性能的因素进行简要介绍的基础上,对吸水树脂的结构及其吸液机理、配位原子和配位基及其作用、重金属离子吸附行为、吸附过程影响因素进行了评述,并对吸水树脂应用于吸附研究进行了展望.     

橡胶吸波材料的研究进展

现代社会的发展带来了严重的电磁辐射和电磁污染的问题。吸波材料能够吸收微波的能量,减少反射,可以广泛地应用在抗电子干扰、电磁兼容、安全信息保密、人体安全防护等许多方面。理想的吸波材料应该具有吸收强、频段宽、质量轻等特点。橡胶为基体的吸波材料除了能有效耗散微波能量之外,还因其柔软、易剪裁、粘附性好的特点,在布置作结构复杂器件或腔体内部的吸波层时更有优势。本文介绍了吸波材料设计的基本原理,回顾了各类型橡胶吸波材料的特性,探讨了吸波剂种类和用量、吸波材料结构设计以及环境因素对橡胶吸波材料性能的影响,并对橡胶吸波材料未来的研究方向作出了展望。     

膨胀阻燃聚丙烯及其协同力学改性的研究进展北大核心CSCD

对聚丙烯(PP)进行阻燃协同力学改性一直是PP材料领域的研究热点。本文综述了近几年膨胀阻燃PP领域的研究进展,包括新型成炭剂的开发和阻燃体系改性新技术,讨论了纳米粘土、稀土元素化合物、分子筛等协同剂在膨胀阻燃剂中的阻燃效果及机理;同时介绍了膨胀阻燃PP及其协同力学改性的研究进展,包括无机刚性粒子、弹性体等不同组分对阻燃PP力学性能的影响,特别是对冲击韧性的影响,总结了PP阻燃及阻燃协同力学改性方面存在的问题,并对未来的发展进行了展望。     

链转移剂对ST-AA-AM吸水剂吸水性能的影响

分别以抗坏血酸、甲酸、亚硫酸氢钠、异丙醇为链转移剂,研究了不同的链转移剂对淀粉―丙烯酸―丙烯酰胺(ST-AA-AM)吸水剂吸水性能的影响。实验结果表明:异丙醇、甲酸、亚硫酸氢钠、抗坏血酸用量分别为单体总质量的0.0375%、0.045%、0.075%、0.01%时,吸水率分别为498.1 g/g、347.9 g/g、549.0 g/g、407.7 g/g。将链转移剂进行复配,亚硫酸氢钠与异丙醇复配的效果最佳,当复合链转移剂用量占单体总质量的0.08%,异丙醇/亚硫酸氢钠(质量比)=1∶2时,吸水剂的吸水率最高,为653.5 g/g。     

湿法改性石墨烯在制备橡胶复合材料中的应用

橡胶由于其高弹性、良好的生物相容性、耐化学腐蚀及长期使用的稳定性等优点,在众多领域已有一百多年的应用历史。一般来说,在生胶硫化之前需要加入增强填料、润滑剂、偶联剂和促进剂等各类添加剂,以达到使用要求的性能。其中增强填料起到提高橡胶强度、提高橡胶耐磨耐热性、延长橡胶使用寿命的作用。相比于炭黑或者二氧化硅这些传统增强填料,新兴纳米材料石墨烯由于其优异的性能,只需极少量便可使橡胶的性能显著增强。然而,石墨烯片层之间的范德华力严重的阻碍了其在高分子机体内的分散,其在橡胶基体的分散性直接决定了石墨烯对于橡胶材料的增强效果。近年来,越来越多的研究开始关注通过在溶液中的湿法改性,包括物理或化学的方法来改性石墨烯,促进它与橡胶二者界面的相互作用,提高石墨烯在橡胶基体中的分散效果。本文总结了近几年湿法改性石墨烯在制备石墨烯/橡胶复合材料方面的研究进展。     

硬段含量对聚氨酯弹性体的吸水动力学及力学性能的影响

合成了硬段含量分别为30 wt%、37 wt%和45 wt%的聚醚型聚氨酯弹性体(PTMG-PU).研究了硬段含量、水浸温度和试样厚度对PTMG-PU吸水动力学的影响.研究结果表明：PTMG-PU在25℃～60℃之间的吸水动力学过程可以用Fick模型进行拟合;扩散系数和平衡吸水率随着硬段含量的增加均呈逐渐降低的趋势,水分子扩散活化能和指前因子均随着硬段含量的增加而增加,说明硬段含量越高,水分子需要克服的传输能垒越高.进一步,吸水导致聚氨酯弹性体的拉伸断裂强度、100%定伸强度和拉伸模量等力学性能出现明显的下降,这不仅是由于水分子与聚氨酯弹性体的软段相发生了增塑作用,而且水分子也与部分硬段相微区发生了作用,导致部分硬段相微区瓦解.     

硅橡胶/氟橡胶并用胶的制备及力学性能

硅橡胶和氟橡胶作为国防、航天等重要领域的耐热材料一直被人们青睐,但其有着各自地优缺点且价格昂贵,本文尝试将这两种橡胶制成并用胶以解决氟橡胶不耐低温和加工性差的问题,以期增大其使用温度范围。采用机械共混法制备硅橡胶/氟橡胶并用胶,研究了硅橡胶和氟橡胶的混炼工艺、并用比、共硫化体系和硫化条件对并用胶力学性能的影响。结果表明,当硅橡胶/氟橡胶的质量比为10∶90,共硫化体系为3~#硫化剂/过氧化二异丙苯(DCP),一段硫化温度为170℃、硫化压力为10MPa、硫化时间为30min,二段硫化温度为200℃、硫化时间为6h时,并用胶的力学性能达到最好。     

Properties of Natural Rubber/Recycled Chloroprene Rubber Blend: Effects of Blend Ratio and Matrix

The present study investigated the effects of two types of natural rubber and different blend ratios on the cure, tensile properties and morphology of natural rubber/recycled chloroprene rubber blends. The blends of natural rubber/recycled chloroprene rubber were prepared by using laboratory two-roll mill. The result showed that the cure time prolonged with the addition of recycled chloroprene rubber (rCR). Comparability, natural rubber/recycled chloroprene rubber (SMR L/rCR) blendcured rapidly than epoxidized natural rubber/recycled chloroprene rubber (ENR 50/rCR) blend. The addition of rCRalso caused a decrement in the tensile strength and elongation at break for both rubber blends. The SMR L/rCR blendsshowed higher tensile strength and elongation at break compared to those of ENR 50/rCR blends at any blend ratios.     

液体聚硫橡胶增韧双酚A-苯胺型聚苯并噁嗪的研究

以液体聚硫橡胶(LP-3)为增韧剂,对双酚A-苯胺型苯并噁嗪(B-a)树脂进行了改性,通过核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)、红外光谱(FTIR)、示差扫描量热仪(DSC)对B-a与LP-3的共混和固化过程进行了研究,通过动态热机械分析仪(DMA)、弯曲和冲击实验、热失重分析仪(TGA)对固化物的机械性能和热性能进行了表征.结果表明,在共混过程中,B-a与LP-3发生了开环加成反应,加成产物的酚羟基对苯并噁嗪的开环聚合具有一定的促进作用,共混物较B-a具有更快的固化速率.当LP-3的加入量为5 wt%时,固化物的韧性就可以得到明显改善,冲击强度相比B-a固化物提高了3.4倍,而且此时的固化物具有高的储能模量(30℃时E'=3.9 GPa)、高的玻璃化转变温度(T_g=206℃)和良好的热稳定性(T_(5%)=322℃,T_(10%)=342℃),表现出最佳的综合性能.     

Simultaneous Enhancement of Mechanical and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber/Recycled Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Rubber Blends by Electron Beam Irradiation

Mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of natural rubber/recycled ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (NR/R-EPDM) blends were simultanoeusly enhanced by electron beam (EB) irradiation. The cross-linking promoter, trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), was also introduced into the blends to induce the cross-linking. By applying EB irradiation, the tensile modulus, hardness, swelling, cross-link density, and storage modulus increased with increase in the irradiation dose; an irradiation dose of 50 kGy was efficient to gain optimum tensile strength. The formation of irradiation-induced cross-links after EB irradiation is a major concern for the enhancement of mechanical, swelling resistance, and dynamic mechanical properties of the blends.     

Barium Titanate-reinforced Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber: Synergy Effect of Carbon-based Secondary Filler

Acrylonitrile rubber(NBR) composites filled with barium titanate(BT) were prepared using an internal mixer and a two-roll mill. Also, a secondary filler, namely carbon nanotubes(CNT), was added in order to find a potential synergistic blend ratio of BT and CNT. The cure characteristics, tensile and dielectric properties(dielectric constant and dielectric loss) of the composites were determined. It was found that NBR/BT composites with CNT secondary filler, at a proper BT:CNT ratio, exhibited shorter scorch time(t_(s1)) and cure time(t_(c90)) together with superior tensile properties and reinforcement efficiency, relative to the one with only the primary filler. In addition, the NBR/BT-CNT composite with 80 phr BT and 1-2 phr CNT had dielectric constant of 100-500, dielectric loss of 12-100 and electrical conductivity below 10~(-4) S/m together with high thermal stability. Thus, with a proper BT:CNT mix and filler loading, we can produce mechanically superior rubber composites that are easy to process and low-cost, for flexible dielectric materials application.     

Blending of Natural Rubber/Recycled Ethylene-Propylene-diene Rubber: Promoting the Interfacial Adhesion Between Phases by Natural Rubber Latex

This article deals with blends based on natural rubber (NR) and recycled ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (R-EPDM). Natural rubber latex (NRL) was introduced into the blends to enhance interfacial adhesion between NR and R-EPDM. A new route of compounding was also suggested. The blends were prepared by mixing R-EPDM and other additives in NRL before blending with natural rubber on a two-roll mill. By applying this method, the homogeneity of the blends and cross-linking distribution are significantly improved. The blends exhibited superior state of cure, swelling resistance, mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical properties. The degree of entanglement between NR and R-EPDM also increased after NRL modification.     

胶粉的改性及其在热塑性弹性体中的应用

我国每年产生大量的废橡胶造成了严重的环境污染,作为废橡胶回收再利用的有效途径,胶粉的研究和应用受到广泛关注.本文介绍了胶粉的脱硫再生改性技术与表面活化改性技术及胶粉在热塑性弹性体中的应用,简述了胶粉基热塑弹性体的制备方法并比较了熔融共混法与动态硫化法的区别,概述了各类胶粉基热塑性弹性体的研究现状,着重介绍了胶粉基热塑弹...     

WATER STATES IN SBR BASED WATER SWELLING RUBBER

Water swelling rubber (WSR) was prepared by reaction blending SBR andsodium polyacrylate (PAANa). The existing states of water in the WSR was studied bymeans of DSC and TG. It was found that water exists in three states: nonfreezing water,bound freezable water and free water. The relationships between water states and structureof PAANa were investigated. The results showed that the amount of non-freezing waterwas related to total water content, and the ratio of non-freezing water versus -COONagroups on PAANa (mol/mol) was about 4. However, total water content slightly affectedthe content of bound freezable water and remarkably affected the amount of free waer.     

Waxy Maize Starch Nanocrystals as Filler in Natural Rubber

Starch nanocrystals obtained from acid hydrolysis of waxy maize starch granules consist in crystalline nanoplatelets about 6–8 nm thick with a length of 20–40 nm and a width of 15–30 nm. New nanocomposite materials, i.e. natural rubber (NR) filled with waxy maize starch nanocrystals were processed by casting. Dynamic mechanical analysis has shown that starch nanocrystals were a good reinforcing agent for NR at temperatures higher than the glass transition temperature of NR. Tensile tests have shown that until a weight fraction of 20 wt%, this new filler presented the advantage to reinforce natural rubber without decreasing significantly the strain at break of the material. These properties may be due to both the morphological nature of starch nanocrystals, and the formation of a percolating starch nanocrystals network within the NR matrix, resulting from hydrogen bonding forces between starch aggregates.