交叉分子束研究氯原子与硅烷的反应动力学

The dynamics of the Cl+SiH₄ reaction has been studied using the universal crossed molecular beam method. Angular resolved time-of-flight spectra have been measured for the channelSiH₃Cl+H. Product angular distributions as well as energy distributions in the center-of-mass frame were determined for the channel. Experimental results show that the SiH₃Clproduct is mainly backward scattered relative to the Cl atom beam direction, suggestingthat the channel takes place via a typical S_N2 type reaction mechanism.     

激光诱导钡的原子与离子荧光光谱研究

许多作者报导了在 ICP 和火焰等原子化系统中钡的原子和离子荧光检测,并将其应用于光谱分析.但有关钡的荧光光谱特性研究报道较少.本工作以空心阴极灯作为原子化器,利用连续波染料激光器研究了钡的原子与离子荧光,观察了各种因素对钡荧光信号强度的影响,测量了不同类型的原子和离子荧光,研究了所观察到的反常信号产生的机理.实验中用全谱线的氩离子激光器(南京电子管厂,362型,约5W)泵浦 R6G 染料激光器。在570—815nm 范围产生可调谐激光.典型的光谱带宽约0.1GHz.激光束经调制后用透镜聚     

交叉束激光热透镜光度法的研究

激光热透镜光度法是一种高灵敏度光谱分析技术。本文用探测束非聚焦的He-Ne激光双光束交叉热透镜技术研究了影响热透镜灵敏度的几个因素,并对远场光斑截面内信号强度分布进行了测定,对实验结果进行了讨论。在正交束构型的最佳参数下,检测了1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚(PAN)-Co(Ⅲ)的氯仿溶液,得到最小吸光度为1.17×10~(-6),相当于1.7 ng/mL的     

钯催化全氟及多氟碘化物与三乙胺的反应

Pullin等人曾对全氟碘代烷与三级胺的相互作用进行了研究,发现R_(?)I与NR_3能形成电荷转移络合物,即:R_(?)…I…NR_3。但此后却未见到有关反应的报道。我们发现在钯催化剂存在下,全氟碘化物与三乙胺能发生反应,反应条件较为温和,产物为氟代烷基烯基二乙基胺1。反应可能是在三乙胺中先产生一个双键,然后β碳原子接上一个全氟烷基。1的IR和NMR与Blanc报道的一致。化合物1经水解可得胺基烯酮2。在酸溶液中水解时,速度明显加快,而在碱溶液中,不仅不能加快水解速度,而且还有副反应发生。我们对化合物2进     

三氟乙烷与氟原子氢提取反应的动力学研究

采用双水平直接动力学方法研究了氢提取反应CH3CF3+F→CH2CF3+HF的反应机理.首先用MPW1K/6-311+G(d,p)方法优化了驻点的几何构型,并在相同水平上进行了频率分析,利用内禀反应坐标理论获得了最小的反应能量途径;随后,为了得到更准确的能量信息,采用MCG3-MPWPW91//MPW1K方法进行了单点能量校正;最后,根据变分过渡态理论计算了该反应在200² 000K温度范围内的速率常数.结果表明,理论计算值与已有的实验值吻合.     

氟原子与溴代甲烷反应化学发光研究

用光子计数技术系统地探测了F(~2P)原子与溴代甲烷等(CH_3Br、CH_2Br_2和GHBr_3)反应在各种压力下的可见区(300～900 nm)化学发光,得到HF电子基态振动泛频跃迁及Br_2(B)、BrF(B)、GHF(A)、CH(A)等分子电子激发态跃迁的发射谱.求出HF(v=3)转动温度为480 K,计算机模拟光谱获得了Br_2(B)的振动布居.对比F与氯代甲烷反应的机理分析表明,初级反应主要是F提取H形成HF,多级反应产生了电子激发态的产物分子。     

氟原子与溴代甲烷反应化学发光研究

用光子计数技术系统地探测了F(^2P)原子与溴代甲烷等(CH~3Br、CH~2Br~2和CHBr~3)反应在各种压力下的可见区(300～900nm)化学发光,得到HF电子基态振动泛频跃迁及 Br~2(B)、BrF(B)、CHF(A)、CH(A) 等分子电子激发态跃迁的发射谱.求出HF(υ=3)转动温度为480K,计算机模拟光谱获得了Br~2(B)的振动布居.对比F与氯代甲烷反应的机理分析表明,初级反应主要是F提取形成HF,多级反应产生了电子激发态的产物分子.     

氟原子与乙腈、丙腈反应化学发光研究

我们研究了CF~4/Ar混合气体微波放电产生的基态F(^2P)原子与CH~3CN,CH~3CH~2CN发生的反应,观测了不同压力下两个反应的可见区(400～900nm)化学发光.获得了产物碎片HF≠(X),CN^*(A),CH^*9(A,B)的发射光谱.并计算了CN(A→X)跃迁的Franck-condon因子以及CN(A) 态的振动布居.机理分析认为CN^*(A)是由次级反应产生的激发态分子(如CH~2CNF^*)离解而形成.     

利用激光诱导荧光技术研究Ca(1S0)与氯代乙烷的反应

The internal state distributions of nascent CaCl formed in the reactions Ca + (1,1) and (1,2) C_2H_4Cl_2、(1,1,2) C_2H_2Cl_3, (1,1,2,2) C_2H_2Cl_4 have been studied by means of the laser induced fluorescence (LIF) in the beam-gas apparatus. The results showed that the vibrational distributions of the CaCl products from Ca+ (1, 1) C_2H_4Cl_2. (1,1,2,2) C_2H_2Cl_4 are similar to vibrational distributions of the CaCl products from Ca + CH_2Cl_2、CHCl_3, respectively. However, the vibrational distribution of the CaCl product from Ca+(1,1,2) C_2H_3Cl_3 is equivalent to the combination of that from Ca+(1,2) C_2H_4Cl_2 and Ca+(1,1,2,2) C_2H_2Cl_4. No LIF signal has been found in the reaction Ca+(1,1) C_2H_4Cl_2.     

FLUIDITY AND OXYGEN PENETRATION OF LIPID VESICLES STUDIED BY FLUORESCENCE PROBES

Abstract. –An analysis of the temperature dependence of trans -stilbene fluorescence yield in dipalmitoyl lecithin vesicles is used to obtain activation energies. The results are interpreted in terms of bilayer fluidity through and above the phase transition. Oxygen quenching of the fluorescence of pyrenebutyric acid (incorporated in dipalmitoyl lecithin and egg lecithin vesicles) is reported as a function of temperature and bulk oxygen concentration. Above the bilayer phase transition, quenching rates (determined by oxygen quenching) decrease with decreasing temperature. A reduction in oxygen quenching is observed through the dipalmitoyl lecithin phase transition.     

多道检测—激光诱导荧光猝灭法测定食品中磷

利用激光诱导荧光 二极管阵列检测 计算机联用装置 ,对磷钼杂多酸 罗丹明 6G荧光猝灭体系进行了研究 ,建立了一种测定食品中磷的新荧光光度法。试验表明 ,该法具有较好的灵敏度、选择性 ,检出限为 0 .1ng·ml- 1,加标回收率为 90 .6%～ 10 9.0 % ,相对标准偏差为 1.3%～3 0 % ,用于食品样品中磷的测定 ,结果满意     

THERMAL DENATURATION OF MONOMERIC AND TRIMERIC PHYCOCYANINS STUDIED BY STATIC AND POLARIZED TIME-RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY

C. Phycocyanin (PC) and allophycocyanin (APC). as well as the α-subunit of PC. have been isolated from the blue-green alga (cyanobacterium). Spirulina platensis . The effects of partial thermal denaturation of PC and of its state of aggregation have been studied by ps time-resolved, polarized fluorescence spectroscopy. All measurements have been performed under low photon fluxes(10¹³ photons/pulse cm²) to minimize singlet-singlet annihilation processes. A complex decay is obtained under most conditions, which can be fitted satisfactorily with a bi-exponential (T₁=70–400 ps, T₂ -1000–3000 ps) for both the isotropic and the polarized part, but with different intensities and time constants for the two decay curves. The data are interpreted in the framework of the model first developed by Teale and Dale [ Biochem. J. 116, 161 (1970)], which divides the spectroscopically different chromophores in (predominantly) sensitizing ( s ) and fluorescing ( f ), ones. If one assumes temperature dependent losses in the energy transfer from the s to the f and between f chromophores. both the biexponential nature of the isotropic fluorescence decay and the polarization data can be rationalized. In the isotropic emission (corresponding to the population of excited states) the short lifetime is related to the sf transfer. the longer one to the "free" decay of the final acceptor( s ) (= f ). The polarized part is dominated by an extremely short decay time. which is related to sf transfer, as well as to resonance transfer between the f -chromophores.     

THE ROLE OF LATTICE AND GASEOUS OXYGEN ON THE OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE STUDIED BY A PULSE REACTION TECHNIQUE

A comparative study of the role of lattice and gaseous oxygen in theoxidative coupling of methane over Na~ /Cao and Ca_xSr_(1-x)TiO_3 perovskiteoxide catalysts was performed by using a pulse reaction technique with CH_4,O_2 and mixtures of CH_4and O_2.It was found that there is an oxygen species onthe Surface of Cao which is active only for the total oxidation of methane at thereaction temperature.These oxygen species.once reacted with methane andconsumed,can be regenerated by the adsorption of oxygen molecules from thegas phase or by the migration of the lattice oxysen from the bulk onto thesurface.In contrast,no such oxygen species and no reaction can be detected bymethane pulsed over Ca_xSr_(1-x)TiO_3perovskite oxide catalysts.Na~ can heavilysuppress the non-selective oxygen species on the surface,and When 5mol%Na~ was incorporated onto the surface of Cao,the sample showed no reactivityto methane.When oxygen exists in the gas phase,or the pulse containsmethane and oxygen,the reaction over(Cao is mai     

四氢噻唑-2-硫酮和环氧乙烷间的硫氧交换反应

将2-巯基-△²-噻唑啉(Ⅰ,R=H)(即四氢噻唑-2-硫酮)和环氧乙烷在二氧六环溶液中作用,希望得到2-β-羟乙基硫化-△²-噻唑啉(Ⅱ,R=H)。但实际生成四氢噻唑-2-酮(Ⅲ,R=H)和环硫乙烷,与按Crawhall等方法制得的样品,各种物理性质完全相同,混合熔点不降。改将2-巯基-△²-噻唑啉在碱性溶液中与氯乙醇反应,仍然得到四氢噻唑-2-酮。     

BILIPROTEINS FROM THE BUTTERFLY Pieris brassicae STUDIED BY TIME-RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE AND COHERENT ANTI-STOKES RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY

Abstract— The fluorescence decay time of the biliverdin IX7 chromophore present in biliproteins isolated from Pieris brassicae is determined to be 44 ± 3 ps. This value suggests a cyclic helical chromophore structure. The vibrational frequencies determined by CARS-spectroscopy are compared with those of model compounds. The data confirm that the chromophore in the protein-bound state adopts a cyclic-helical, flexible conformation.     

PHOTOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF CHLOROPHYLLS a AND b·FLUORESCENCE AND LASER-INDUCED OPTOACOUSTIC MEASUREMENTS

Abstract— The quantum yields of internal conversion (energy loss) of the photoexcited chlorophylls a and b in ethanol at 24°C have been determined by measuring the quantum yields of the competing radiative (fluorescence) and non-radiative (intersystem crossing) deactivation processes (which lead to energy storing species) by means of emission and laser-induced optoacoustic spectroscopy, respectively. The values for internal conversion of chlorophyll a are 10% and 14% in the presence and absence of molecular oxygen, respectively. The corresponding yields for chlorophyll b are negligibly small. The internal conversion in chlorophyll a is attributed to vibronic coupling with the substituents of the porphin system, since internal conversion was found to be substantially reduced for unsubstituted Mg-porphin in ethanol and for chlorophyll a when dissolved in a viscous medium.     

原子、分子波函数满足的条件与类氦离子的对相关函数

探讨了原子和分子的状态函数满足的三个条件:歧点条件、维里定理和能量梯度平均值为零的定理。施加这些条件于类氦离子的试探函数而得到的相关函数可作为原子中电子对的相关函数。