PVC热稳定剂酰胺基硫醇锡的合成

酯基硫醇锡;PVC热稳定剂酰胺基硫醇锡的合成     

有机热稳定剂三(十二硫醇)锑的合成

以牺牲锑阳极法电解得到的活性金属锑粉Sb* (10 ~15nm)为原料,直接与十二烷基硫醇反应制得三(十二硫醇)锑,产品经元素分析和IR测定进行表征.较佳的合成反应条件为:反应温度为 80~90℃;物料配比为n(十二烷基硫醇)∶n(锑) =30∶1;操作过程简单,基本无污染.     

酯基硫醇锡PVC热稳定剂的合成

酯基硫醇锡ＰＶＣ热稳定剂的合成魏荣宝＊梁娅韩宝成卢世荣高铁男（天津理工学院化工系天津３００１９１）关键词酯基硫醇锡，制备，ＰＶＣ热稳定剂１９９６－０８－２０收稿，１９９６－１２－１２修回天津市自然科学基金资助项目酯基硫醇锡是７０年代末开发的一类ＰＶＣ...     

稀土PVC热稳定剂作用模式及协同效应研究

稀土化合物对ＰＶＣ良好的稳定作用，并存在广泛的协同效应。探索了一种计算机辅助研究稀土ＰＶＣ热稳定剂作用模式及效应的方法，可以预测稳定剂的稳定效能。结果表明，在稀土硬脂酸盐及同类稳定剂中，曲线回归方程参数有效地反映了热稳定剂类型的差别；引入协同效应函数，不仅提高了回归方程的可信度，而且能反映协同效应的形成规律。     

PVC有机锡热稳定剂的研究

双（β－烷氧羰烷基）二氯化锡与二酸、二酚、二醇、二醇通过界面缩聚反应，合成了一系列新的有机锡聚酯、聚醚、聚硫醚。新合成的聚合物可作为ＰＶＣ制品的热稳定剂使用。     

一元-二元羧酸镧复合热稳定剂的合成与表征

以常见的一元羧酸和二元羧酸以及硝酸镧为原料,探讨了一元-二元羧酸镧的合成条件,制备了一系列一元-二元羧酸镧复合热稳定剂产品。通过刚果红试纸法和转矩流变仪法对产品的性能进行了表征,并通过红外光谱对产品的结构进行了表征。结果表明:一元-二元羧酸镧的最优合成条件为一元酸:二元酸=1.25:1,反应温度为70℃,保温时间为50min。最优产品对PVC的动态热稳定性可达1420s。     

热稳定剂及与PVC混合物的热解反应研究

采用热分析方法对PVC加工成型中热稳定型的热解反应进行了研究，根据它们的热重曲线，分别求得热稳定剂及掺入热稳定剂后PVC混合物的热分解反应的各种特性参数，运用计算动力学参数的经验公式，求得热解活化能，定量地评价了热稳定剂及掺入热稳定剂后PVC混合物的热性能，并采用静态法测定了PVC混合物的热稳定时间。     

二元-三元羧酸镧复合热稳定剂的制备和应用

以常见的二元羧酸和三元羧酸以及硝酸镧为原料,制备了一系列二元-三元羧酸镧复合热稳定剂产品。通过刚果红试纸法和转矩流变仪法对产品的性能进行了表征,结果表明,己二酸-柠檬酸镧和癸二酸-氨三乙酸镧对PVC的热稳定性最好,动态热稳定时间分别为1 080 s和1 188 s。用五因素三水平正交试验优选出两组较优配方,对PVC的静态热稳定时间分别可达93 min和85 min。     

新型有机高分子型PVC热稳定剂的合成

以经部分硝化和还原的低分子量聚苯乙烯为母链,利用其胺基和丙烯酰基异硫氰酸酯加成,合成了一种新型有机高分子型PVC热稳定剂——丙烯酰基硫脲接枝聚苯乙烯,其结构经IR和元素分析表征。     

PVC硬脂酸轻稀土热稳定剂的复配与应用研究

为了进一步研发性价比高且"无铅化"的稀土复合热稳定剂,研究了系列硬脂酸轻稀土盐(镧/铈/镨/钕/钐/铕/混合)与其他常用PVC热稳定(助)剂的复配效果。通过刚果红试纸法、红外光谱分析(FT-IR)、转矩流变仪等探究了复合热稳定剂对PVC性能的影响。结果表明:复合热稳定剂配方为硬脂酸轻稀土盐0.7~1.0份、硬脂酸锌0.8~0.9份、β-二酮0.3~0.6份和季戊四醇0.8~0.9份。将3份复合热稳定剂添加到100份PVC树脂中,静态及动态热稳定时间延长至100和35 min左右;动态热稳定性能和力学性能优于市售钙锌热稳定剂,与市售铅盐较接近。红外光谱分析表明复合热稳定剂可在加热初期减缓PVC氧化降解,较好地抑制初期着色,对PVC性能影响顺序为:镧组钕组混合组铈组镨组钐组铕组。     

聚氯乙烯的有机辅助热稳定剂的研究进展

聚氯乙烯(PVC)的有机辅助稳定剂包括含N有机稳定剂、含P有机稳定剂、含O有机稳定剂、含S有机稳定剂等四种类型。其中含O有机稳定剂和含S有机稳定剂对改善PVC初期着色和长期稳定性效果显著,是PVC的有机辅助稳定剂发展的重要方向。文章介绍了PVC的有机辅助稳定剂的作用机理及应用进展。     

Migration of Additives from Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) Tubes into Aqueous Media

The stability and migration product of medical PVC tubes plasticized with polyadipates were investigated by ageing in phosphate buffer at pH 1.679 and water at different temperatures. Changes in the PVC tubes were studied by water absorption, weight loss, Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The low molecular weight migration product that was released was extracted and silylanized before gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) identification and quantification. After 70 days, the weight loss was less than 0.5% and only a small amount of adipic acid migrated when a tube was aged at 37°C in water and phosphate buffer (pH 1.679), and at 70°C in water after 56 days. However, when aged at 70 and 110°C, gradual deactivation of heat stabilizer after 21 days of ageing in buffer solution and separation of plasticizer from PVC matrix occurred. When the tube was aged at 110°C, significant degradation of both polyadipates and PVC were observed. Adipic acid and 1,4-butanediol monomers and oligomers of polyadipate were the major migration products from polyadipates in the water ageing solution, while only a relatively high amount of adipic acid was identified as the main product in the buffer ageing solution.     

Itaconamide derivatives as organic stabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride) against photodegradation

Itaconamide derivatives have been prepared and investigated as photo-stabilizers for rigid PVC. We investigated their stabilizing efficiencies by testing the weight loss (%) with the amount of formed gel. The results indicated a reasonable stabilizing efficiency of these derivatives compared with commercial UV absorber; phenyl salicylate. The extent of discoloration of the photodegraded polymer was also improved in the presence of the prepared compounds. Rheological properties were studied to investigate the flow behavior with providing a vision into the mechanical behavior for the tested materials. Employing the evaluated photostabilizers reflects the reduction in the extent of cross-linking of the polymer. This implies preserving the mechanical properties of PVC. A radical mechanism is proposed to account for the stabilizing action of the investigated materials. The prepared itaconamide derivatives provide appropriate photostability and mechanical properties for a durable poly(vinyl chloride).     

Poly(vinyl chloride) Nanocomposites

Poly(vinyl chloride) is one of the major thermoplastics beside other commodities polymers like polyethylene and polystyrene. However, some of its main characteristics such as plasticity, thermal and photo stability are inferior to other commodity polymers. Adding nano scale inorganic fillers to poly(vinyl chloride) or other polymers in view to obtain polymer nanocomposites with superior properties has drawn the attention of many researchers in the last decades. Poly(vinyl chloride) nanocomposites are obtained mainly by in situ polymerization, solution based or mixing techniques. The resulting products show improvement of most important properties of poly(vinyl chloride) such as thermal, mechanical, rheological, flammability, antibacterial, etc. This paper presents preparation ways of poly(vinyl chloride) nanocomposites using different nano fillers and the improved properties compared with those of virgin poly(vinyl chloride).     

Development of a Poly(vinyl chloride)-based Nitrate Ion-selective Electrode

The authors developed a nitrate ion-selective electrode(ISE) based on poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC) membrane with methyltrioctylammonium nitrate as a carrier and 1-decanol as a plasticizer. The performance of the nitrate-sensitive membranes was optimized by tuning the composition of components. The electrode exhibits a linear response with a Nernstian slope of (52±1.0) mV per decade for the nitrate ion concentration ranging from 5.8×10^-5 mol/L to 1.0 mol/L. The electrode can be used to detect a low concentration of nitrate ions down to 3×10^-5 mol/L in a pH range of 2.1-11.5 without any compensation. The advantage of the electrode includes simple preparation, short response time and good repeatability. The detection performance of the novel electrode on nitrate ions has been tested for water samples.     

PVB存在下PVC化学法脱氯化氢的研究

ＰＶＢ存在下ＰＶＣ化学法脱氯化氢的研究刘恒＊李大成陈朝珍（四川联合大学化工学院成都６１００６５）关键词聚氯乙烯，脱氯化氢，聚乙烯醇缩丁醛１９９６－０９－０８收稿，１９９７－０５－２６修回国家教育委员会留学归国人员资助费资助课题近年来在ＰＶＣ脱氯化氢制...     

Synthesen und Eigenschaften neuer Tris(fluorphenyl)antimon- und -bismut-Verbindungen. Kristallstruktur von Tris(2,6-difluorphenyl)bismut

Syntheses and Properties of Some New Tris(fluorophenyl)antimony and -bismuth Compounds. Crystal Structure of Tris(2,6-difluorophenyl)bismuth (2,6-F₂C₆H₃)₃Bi, (2,4,6-F₃C₆H₂)₃Bi, and (2,6-F₂C₆H₃)₃Sb are prepared via Grignard reactions with BiBr₃ and SbBr₃, respectively. The syntheses and properties of the new compounds and the crystal structure of (2,6-F₂C₆H₃)₃Bi are described. From the reaction of BiBr₃ with Ag(OCOC₆H₃F₂) the bismuth benzoate Bi(OCOC₆H₃F₂)₃ is formed in 83% yield. Attempts to prepare (2,6-F₂C₆H₃)₃Bi by decarboxylation of the bismuth benzoate failed.     

Thermal degradation of poly(vinyl chloride)

This paper presents an initial attempt at describing poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) thermal degradation through a semi-detailed and lumped kinetic model. A mechanism of 40 species and pseudocomponents (molecules and radicals) involved in about 250 reactions permits quite a good reproduction of the main characteristics of PVC degradation and volatilization. The presence of the two step mechanism—the first step of which corresponds to dehydrochlorination and the second to the tar release and residue char formation—are correctly predicted both in quantitative terms and in the temperature ranges. The model was validated by comparison with several thermo gravimetric analyses, both dynamic at different heating rates, and isothermal. When compared with the typical one step global apparent degradation models, the approach proposed here spans quite large operative ranges, especially when it comes to predicting product distributions. The initial results of these product predictions, even though quite preliminary, are encouraging and confirm the validity of the model.     

高分子量DL-丙交酯的合成及热降解

研究了聚ＤＬ－丙交酯（ＰＤＬＬＡ）的合成及热降解性能。发现影响聚合物分子量的关键因素是单体的重结晶、引发剂的浓度以及安瓿瓶在封管时的干燥和真空度。采用ＤＳＣ、ＴＧＡ分析了ＰＤＬＬＡ的玻璃化转变和热分解。ＰＤＬＬＡ是热不稳定聚合物,影响其热稳定性的主要因素是残留单体、催化剂和低聚物的含量,将聚合物溶解沉淀处理可以延缓其热解速度,提高它的热稳定性。