新重丰中子同位素238Th

利用兰州重离子加速器(HIRFL)所提供的60MeV/u的¹⁸O离子束照射天然铀靶,通过多核子转移反应生成²³⁸Th.由快速放射化学分离技术从铀及其反应产物的混合物中分离出钍.使用2台高纯锗(HPGe)探测器对样品的γ(X)活性进行测量,观测到了²³⁸Th的β^－衰变子体²³⁸Pa的635.0keV和1060.5keV2条γ射线峰的增长、衰变行为.利用分析递次衰变的计算机程序对其后一条进行了拟合,得到母、子体半衰期分别为(9.4±2.0)min和(2.1±0.4)min,二者分别与预言值和文献值相符.另外,在由²³⁸Pa的X射线开门的γ谱中,发现一条能量为89.0keV的新γ射线,经计算,其半衰期为(8.9±1.5)min,由跃迁能量和半衰期的关系认定该射线来源于²³⁸Th的β–衰变.从而证明本实验合成和鉴别了重丰中子新核素²³⁸Th,并测定它的半衰期为(9.4±2.0)min.     

新重丰中子核237Th的合成和鉴别

用14MeV中子照射(NH₄)₂U₂O₇粉末,通过²³⁸U(n,2p)²³⁷Th反应产生了新的重丰中子同位素²³⁷Th,并用放射化学方法分离了它.借助于跟踪其子体²³⁷pa的γ射线的时间序列谱首次鉴别了这个新活性.利用递次衰变分析程序得到了²³⁷Th的半衰期为5.0±0.9min.另外,发现了一条能量为35.1±0.3keV T_1/2=5.0±1.1min的新γ射线并指定它为²³⁷Th衰变.     

新重丰中子同位素175Er的合成和γ衰变

用14MeV中子轰击天然镜靶,通过¹⁷⁶Yb(n,2p)¹⁷⁵Er反应,首次合成了新同位素¹⁷⁵Er.利用γ(X)谱学方法,对¹⁷⁵Er的活性进行了观测,发现了能量为76.5,120.9,123.7,128.5,227.3,234.0,281.4,1167.5keV半衰期为1.2±0.3min的八条新γ射线,并指定为¹⁷⁵Er的β-衰变.建立了¹⁷⁵Er的部分衰变纲图.     

175Er的衰变纲图

用14MeV中子照射天然Yb靶,通过¹⁷⁶Yb(n,2p)¹⁷⁵Er反应产生了新的重丰中子同位素¹⁷⁵Er,借助X-γ,γ-γ符合测量方法,首次鉴别出了¹⁷⁵Er,并测得其半衰期为(1.2±0.3)min.同时还观察到了¹⁷⁵Er衰变所发射的8条新γ射线,建立了¹⁷⁵Er的部分γ衰变纲图,从中指定了¹⁷⁵Tm的一个基态转动带.     

超铀区缺中子新同位素235Am的合成与鉴别

用35MeV质子轰击同位素靶²³⁸Pu,通过²³⁸Pu(P,4n)²³⁵Am反应,合成了新的缺中子同位素²³⁵Am.利用He-jet及毛细管传输技术收集反应产物,然后用放射化学法除去产物中的裂变碎片并分离出Am活性.根据观测到的²³⁵Pu的衰变Y及NP的特征X射线的生长-衰变行为和X-Y符合测量,肯定了²³⁵Am的首次合成,测得²³⁵Am的半衰期为15±5min.     

95Ru的衰变

通过⁹²Mo(a,n)反应产生⁹⁵Ru,对半衰期为1.65小时的⁹⁵Ru的衰变Y谱学进行了研究,观察到了⁹⁵Ru衰变产生的130条γ射线,其中34条是新的.根据符合关系,将新γ射线中的29条放进了衰变纲图,同时确认了原纲图中7条γ射线的位置,发现了⁹⁵Ru衰变子体⁹⁵Tc的3个新能级,给出了⁹⁵Ru新的衰变纲图.     

120Ba的β衰变

用68MeV的¹⁶O束轰击2mg/cm²的¹⁰⁶Cd靶产生¹²⁰Ba再把它氟化,送入氦喷嘴离子源.在线质量分离的¹²⁰Ba的衰变性质被γ-X,γ-γ和γ-β符合测量.其半衰期为24±2S,总衰变能Q_EC=5.0±0.3MeV,并获得了简单的¹²⁰Ba的衰变纲图.     

缺中子核素129Ce的(EC/β+)衰变

利用102MeV¹⁶O⁶⁺束轰击同位素靶¹¹⁷Sn,通过熔合蒸发4n反应产生核素¹²⁹Ce.由氦喷嘴快速带传输系统将反应产物送到低本底区.通过化学分离来制备待测的Ce样品,与此同时用¹⁶O束轰击¹¹⁷Sn的两种相邻的同位素靶¹¹⁸Sn和¹¹⁶Sn,并比较上述3种反应中的产物来进一步区分元素Ce的不同的同位素.结果一种半衰期为4.1min的活性被鉴定为¹²⁹Ce.基于X–γ–t和γ–γ–t符合测量,建议了包括51条射线在内的¹²⁹Ce的(EC/β⁺)衰变纲图.其中,¹²⁹Ce基态直接馈送到¹²⁹La基态的份额(26±7)%是用观测到的¹²⁹La衰变的278.6keV的γ射线的生长和衰变曲线估计出来的.另外还给出了用La-K_α-X射线和68.2keVγ射线开门的γ谱以及典型的衰变γ射线的时间谱.     

铪的新同位素:186Hf

利用兰州重离子加速器提供的60MeV/u的¹⁸O离子束轰击天然钨靶,通过奇异的多核子转移反应生成¹⁸⁶Hf.采用快速放射化学分离技术从钨及反应产物的混合物中分离出铪,由高纯锗(HPGe)探测器测量样品的γ活性,观测到了¹⁸⁶Hf的子体¹⁸⁶Taγ活性的生长、衰变行为.由此表明:本实验首次合成并鉴别了重丰中子新核素¹⁸⁶Hf,并测定它的半衰期为(2.6±1.2)min.     

贫化铀/聚乙烯球壳交替系统中铀-238中子俘获率的测量与分析

为校验次临界能源堆的概念设计,建立了贫化铀/聚乙烯球壳交替系统, 采用活化法测量²³⁸U的中子俘获率. 贫化铀片置于系统内与入射D离子束成90^o的方向上活化 ,用HPGe探测器测量²³⁸U俘获中子衰变产生的²³⁹Np 衰变产生的277.6 keV特征γ射线计数,实验修正了贫铀片对277.6 keV γ射线的自吸收, 得到了交替系统中²³⁸U (n, γ)反应率的径向分布,反应率的相对不确定度为3.5%-3.7%, 并计算得到系统上整个贫铀区中²³⁸U的总中子俘获率为2.24 ± 0.09. 用MCNP5程序在常用ENDF库下进行了模拟计算, ²³⁸U (n, γ)反应率分布计算与实验一般在5%以内符合, 总俘获率在1%以内符合.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.