氘核的相对论波函数

假设氘核的相对论波函数满足场论中的Bethe-Salpeter方程,在质心系瞬时作用的近似下推导了氘核波函数所满足的耦合方程,并简单的讨论了氘核波函数的一些性质。瞬时作用的引进给波函数的旋量结构以很强的限制使波函数分量的数目减少了,并且把求解四维空间B-S方程的问题化为在质心系三维空间中的求解,物理意义明确便于计算和讨论。定性估计给出与S波相比P波约是(?)量级的一个小量。     

谈质心及质心系的教学在理工科大学物理中的作用

质心和质心系是大学物理中重要的概念.本文首先通过运动学分析,得到了物体运动的动量、角动量及动能在惯性系和质心系之间的变换关系,这些变换关系有着与伽利略相对性原理中的位置变换和速度变换完全相似的简单形式.然后通过动力学分析得到了质心系下物体运动所满足的力学规律.这进一步加深了我们对宏观物体运动图像的理解,即宏观物体运动可以看作是随质心的平动和相对于质心的转动的叠加,而质心的运动和质心系下相对于质心的运动都满足形式相对简单的力学定律,可以方便地求解.通过本文的讨论,突出了质心和质心系在工科大学物理力学教学中的重要作用,并且把相对运动、惯性系和非惯性系等力学重要概念联系起来,以有效加深学生对力学整体框架、物体运动图像及力学规律的认识.     

质心系中的基本形式的拉格朗日方程及其应用

推导了质心系中的基本形式的拉格朗日方程,并举例说明联合惯性系中的基本形式的拉格朗日方程可求解约束反力.     

瞬时相互作用近似下介子结构波函数的一些探讨(Ⅰ)——瞬时相互作用下介子波函数的一般性质

本文从一对正反费米子结合成束缚态的Bethe-Salpeter方程(以下简称B-S方程)出发,假定正反层子间相互作用可以近似地用质心系瞬时相互作用描写,得到的主要结论如下:(1)B-S方程的求解可归结为在质心系三维空间内进行。描写赝标介子和矢量介子的波函数独立旋量分量的个数分别由4个和8个减少为2个和4个;(2)如果相互作用是空间球对称的,其旋量结构是对角耦合,从赝标介子方程中可以直接看到,束缚态质量作为本征值在方程中是以平方形式出现,同时又可避免四维方程中负激发的困难;(3)在瞬时相互作用近似下给出的结构波函数,可以用来研究束缚态的质量谱和只涉及质心系的过程。     

LHC高能Pb—Pb和Ca—Ca碰撞中的直接硬光生J/ψ及γ(English)

研究了LHC中,Pb－Pb以质心系能量5．5ATeV以及Ca-Ca以质心系能量7ATeV碰撞过程中的硬直接光生J／ψ和γ过程：A＋A-A＋J／ψ（γ）＋X．结果表明该过程不仅可用于测量原子核中的胶子分布,还可以用以研究大R_t胶子以及重夸克的J／ψ碎裂机制．     

超相对论Au+Au碰撞中椭圆流的时间依赖

用相对论量子分子动力学(RQMD)模型模拟了质心系束能量为s_NN=200GeV的Au+Au非对心碰撞, 研究了椭圆流对末态粒子冻出时间的关系. 研究了在不同的阶段, 椭圆流对末态粒子位置的关系. 结果表明椭圆流随冻出时间的单调递减, 椭圆流对横向半径的关系随冻出时间发生变化. 用压力梯度对所得结果进行了分析. 径向速度用来表征压力梯度.     

LHC高能Pb—Pb和Ca—Ca碰撞中的直接硬光生J/ψ及γ

研究了LHC中,Pb–Pb以质心系能量5.5ATeV以及Ca–Ca以质心系能量7ATeV碰撞过程中的硬直接光生J/ψ和γ过程:A+A→A+J/ψ(γ)+X.结果表明该过程不仅可用于测量原子核中的胶子分布,还可以用以研究大R_t胶子以及重夸克的J/ψ碎裂机制.     

Bakamjian-Thomas方程的大动量转移散射振幅与核力排斥心的高度

本文利用Eikonal波函数Born展开的方法,得到B-T方程的大动量转移散射振幅.通过与质心系总能为6.15 GeV的p-p散射实验资料比较,在位阱取为Gauss型组合的前提下,定出核力排斥心的高度约为0.37GeV,因而否定了无限高硬排斥心的存在。此外,用这一方法还可以研究其它高能粒子的强相互作用及其随能量变化的规律。     

HERA光生衍射截面的质心系能量相关性

利用文献 [1]的衍射几何模型解释了HERA光生衍射反应过程γP→XP的截面σ与质心系能量W的相关性 :σ∝Wσ     

分子高激发振动的经典代数方法研究——以C_2H_2的C-H弯曲振动为例

本文以目前探讨得较多的C2H2的CH弯曲振动为例,说明如何应用代数方法来研究分子的高激发振动。由于分子的高激发振动态具有很强的模间非线性偶合以及能量的传递,传统的动力学方法似乎很难有效地用来研究其性质。问题的核心是高激发振动态由于其量子数很大,因此具有经典(或半经典)的性质。同时模间能量的传递可以用二次量子化算子来表示,而这些算子所具有的代数性质,使得人们可以用几何的概念来描述其性质。因此,整个问题就变为用几何的观点来分析分子的高激发振动态。最后,我们用所得的经典的代数哈密顿量和哈密顿方程对CHtrans弯曲和cis弯曲振动模间能量的传递速度与体系所含能量之高低的关系做了探讨     

Spontaneous breaking of the Galilei group and the plasmon energy gap

The generalization of Goldstone's theorem to dynamics with long range interactions is applied to the Coulomb Fermi gas in uniform charge background. It is shown that the plasmon energy spectrum for can be exactly derived from the spontaneous breaking of the Galilei boosts, with the plasmon excitations playing the rôle of Goldstone bosons. The connection with the appearence of variables at infinity in the dynamics of local variables and with a “classical dynamics at infinity” is discussed.     

Josephson磁通孤子振荡器中热噪声研究

研究了可作为微波振荡器的长Sosephson隧道结中的磁通孤子在有限温度下受热噪声影响的运动。当Josephson隧道结被偏置在零场台阶状态,热噪声使孤子的运动速度在平均值附近涨落,孤子的平均速度对应于隧道结的平均电压,也对应于对外辐射电磁波的平均频率,速度的涨落对应于辐射一有限的频带宽度。研究表明,隧道结典型辐射频率为10GHZ,在液氦温区其频带宽约为1KHZ,是很窄的。热噪声同时也激发了一些连续模。用反散射方法的微扰论讨论了每模式的平均能量为k_BT,而孤子在低速极限的平均动能为1 关键词：     

Modal Dynamics for Positive Operator Measures

The modal interpretation of quantum mechanics allows one to keep the standard classical definition of realism intact. That is, variables have a definite status for all time and a measurement only tells us which value it had. However, at present modal dynamics are only applicable to situations that are described in the orthodox theory by projective measures. In this paper we extend modal dynamics to include positive operator measures (POMs). That is, for example, rather than using a complete set of orthogonal projectors, we can use an overcomplete set of nonorthogonal projectors. We derive the conditions under which Bell's stochastic modal dynamics for projective measures reduce to deterministic dynamics, showing (incidentally) that Brown and Hiley's generalization of Bohmian mechanics [quant-ph/0005026, (2000)] cannot be thus derived. We then show how deterministic dynamics for positive operators can also be derived. As a simple case, we consider a Harmonic oscillator, and the overcomplete set of coherent state projectors (i.e., the Husimi POM). We show that the modal dynamics for this POM in the classical limit correspond to the classical dynamics, even for the nonclassical number state |n>. This is in contrast to the Bohmian dynamics, which for energy eigenstates, the dynamics are always non-classical.     

Transient grating experiments on supercooled molecular liquids II: microscopic derivation of the phenomenological equations

The constitutive equations including the energy conservation aspect, for the long-wavelength dynamics of a liquid comprised of identical, axially symmetric, rigid molecules are microscopically derived. These equations are extended to the case where the dynamics is generated by the interactions of two coherent lasers (the pumps) with the liquid. This interaction corresponds to a weak energy absorption and also to the coupling of the pumps with fluctuations in the mass density, the molecular orientation density and the temperature of the liquid. The microscopic equations generalise those phenomenologically derived in Pick et al. [1] where the role of the temperature fluctuations was ignored. Constraints on the relaxation functions related to the temperature fluctuations and to their coupling with density are derived.     

Orientation restraints in molecular dynamics simulations using time and ensemble averaging

In this article we present methodology for simulating protein dynamics while imposing restraints derived from NMR measurements on partially ordered molecules. Such measurements may include residual dipolar couplings and chemical-shift anisotropies. We define a restraint potential for use in molecular dynamics and energy minimization. The presented potential is consistent with the simultaneously optimized molecular order tensor. Restraining can be performed with time and ensemble averaging. We performed a large number of molecular dynamics simulations of the histidine containing phosphocarrier protein with restraints on backbone N-H vector orientations derived from residual dipolar couplings. From these simulations it is evident that the use of time- or ensemble-averaged restraints is essential to leave the fluctuations of the restrained vectors unaffected. Without averaging the fluctuations of the restrained vectors are reduced significantly. This also has the effect of decreasing the apparent molecular order-parameter tensor.     

Nonequilibrium Measurements of Free Energy Differences for Microscopically Reversible Markovian Systems

An equality has recently been shown relating the free energy difference between two equilibrium ensembles of a system and an ensemble average of the work required to switch between these two configurations. In the present paper it is shown that this result can be derived under the assumption that the system's dynamics is Markovian and microscopically reversible.     

Angle-resolved desorption and removal of surface nitrogen in deNOx

This paper reports on recent progress on angle-resolved desorption leading to structure-sensitive desorption dynamics. The sensitivity is exemplified in NO and N₂O reduction on Pd and Rh surfaces. The energy partitioning in the repulsive desorption of hyper-thermal products into their rotational and translational modes is an indispensable concept to examine the structure of a reaction site from desorbing molecules because it connects the structure of a transition state with each energy of desorbed products. The extent of the energy partitioning will be derived from the desorption-angle dependences of both the rotational and translational energies at each vibrational state. Such energy analysis has never been completed for any thermal reactive desorption. A new type of measurement is thus proposed. Additionally, we discuss the inadequate use of the detailed balance principle in desorption dynamics, which has prevented desorption dynamics from being sensitive to surface structures.     

Some notes on data analysis for nuclear resonant inelastic x-ray scattering

Nuclear Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (NRIXS) is a spectroscopy method to study atomic vibrations and dynamics, currently done with synchrotron radiation at a few high energy third generation facilities. It finds a wide range of applications in condensed matter physics, materials science, chemistry, biophysics, geosciences, and high-pressure researches. Many atomic dynamics and lattice thermodynamics information can be derived from NRIXS measurements. Phonon Density of States (DOS) characterizes lattice dynamics of a material and can be derived under the quasi-harmonic approximation. Combined with modeling and simulations, results from NRIXS can provide unique and clarifying insights into many fields of research. As for a spectroscopic technique, in order to be able to provide reliable information, close attention should be paid to many issues during experiments and data analysis afterwards. Here we discuss several issues relevant to its data analysis, namely, those of multiple sites, background treatments, and error estimates for some derived quantities.     

热质的运动与传递-热子气状态方程

基于相对论原理,提出能量的运动可以产生压强．在热质概念的基础上,针对理想气体,根据分子动理论建立了热子气状态方程,从而得到理想气体分子的热运动动能压强的表达式．基于硬球势能模型通过分子动力学模拟验证了热子气状态方程的正确性．     

混频＋m腔微波电子枪束流动力学特性

为了使自由电子激光器的电子束注入器具有小的能散，小的横向发射度、高的亮度，本文提出在　腔的微波电子枪中采用混频腔技术，并用解析方法研究了混频加速的　腔方案的动力学特性，所导出的表达式说明此方案能改善束流的纵向和横向粒子动力学性能；为了对比，还借助于ＰＡＲＭＥＬＡ程序对此方案进行了束流动力学模拟，结论与导出的解析表达式结果一致．