核子结构

本文介绍了半个世纪来核子结构研究的重要进展，着重介绍了近十年来轻子核子极化深度非弹散射实验导致的有关核子自旋、磁矩结构的新进展，还介绍了当前核子结构研究中的一些重要问题。     

The status of XMASS experiment

The XMASS project utilizes ultrapure liquid xenon and aims to detect pp and ⁷Be solar neutrinos by means of ν _e e scattering. It requires low background and a low threshold, which will also enable us to search for dark matter in the Galactic halo. By using a prototype detector, we have confirmed its feasibility to realize low background and low threshold. We have estimated the sensitivity of an 800-kg liquid-xenon detector for a dark matter search experiment based on the experimental results. for the XMASS Collaboration The text was submitted by the author in English.     

Active plasmonics: current status

Techniques for active modulation and control of plasmonic signals in future highly‐integrated nanophotonic devices have advanced rapidly in recent years, with recent innovations extending performance into the terahertz frequency and femtojoule‐per‐bit switching energy domains. As thoughts turn towards the development of practical device structures, key technologies are compared in this review and prospects are assessed for the future development of the field.     

The current status of observational cosmology

Observational cosmology has indeed made very rapid progress in recent years. The ability to quantify the universe has largely improved due to observational constraints coming from structure formation. The transition to precision cosmology has been spear-headed by measurements of the anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) over the past decade. Observations of the large scale structure in the distribution of galaxies, high red-shift supernova, have provided the required complementary information. We review the current status of cosmological parameter estimates from joint analysis of CMB anisotropy and large scale structure (LSS) data. We also sound a note of caution on overstating the successes achieved thus far.     

Separation of the electron component by the shower shape in an ionization calorimeter for the NUCLEON experiment

An ionization calorimeter introduced in the composition of the NUCLEON research equipment is described. The possibility of employing it to study the spectrum of the electromagnetic charged component of cosmic rays in the energy range of 100–2000 GeV is discussed on the basis of data from a simulation.     

Gravitational wave astronomy: the current status

In the centenary year of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, this paper reviews the current status of gravitational wave astronomy across a spectrum which stretches from attohertz to kilohertz frequencies. Sect. 1 of this paper reviews the historical development of gravitational wave astronomy from Einstein's first prediction to our current understanding the spectrum. It is shown that detection of signals in the audio frequency spectrum can be expected very soon, and that a north-south pair of next generation detectors would provide large scientific benefits. Sect. 2 reviews the theory of gravitational waves and the principles of detection using laser interferometry. The state of the art Advanced LIGO detectors are then described. These detectors have a high chance of detecting the first events in the near future. Sect. 3 reviews the KAGRA detector currently under development in Japan,which will be the first laser interferometer detector to use cryogenic test masses. Sect. 4 of this paper reviews gravitational wave detection in the nanohertz frequency band using the technique of pulsar timing. Sect. 5 reviews the status of gravitational wave detection in the attohertz frequency band, detectable in the polarisation of the cosmic microwave background, and discusses the prospects for detection of primordial waves from the big bang. The techniques described in sects. 1–5 have already placed significant limits on the strength of gravitational wave sources. Sects. 6 and 7 review ambitious plans for future space based gravitational wave detectors in the millihertz frequency band. Sect. 6 presents a roadmap for development of space based gravitational wave detectors by China while sect. 7 discusses a key enabling technology for space interferometry known as time delay interferometry.     

STATISTICAL MODEL OF PARTONS IN NUCLEON,EMC EFFECT AND GLUE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS OF NUCLEON

Assuming a nucleon as a thermodynamical system composed of partons (quarks and glue),we have disoussed its temperation T and chemical potential μ and nave derived relations between the x distribution functions of partons in the nucleon and its correspond statistical distribution functions.Through comparing glue of the nucleon with photons of the black-body,we have got effective temperature of the nucleon.By assuming μ of u,d quark to be the same and choosing their reasonable values,and after using the rescaling scheme to determine T of the mucleon,the statistical model could explain the EMC effect very well.If the gluon's chemical potential has a small and negative quantity,the statistical model could also fit the ratio R_g in μ+N→J/ψ+X process quite well and could explain why it seems "too large" in the small x region.     

Trigger System of the NUCLEON Experiment

Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters - The NUCLEON experiment is aimed at measuring the spectrum and the elemental composition of cosmic rays (CR) in the 1011–1015 eV energy range. The...     

The current status and future of granular media

The current status of CoPtCr-SiO₂ granular media is briefly reviewed, and challenges relative to media technology exceeding 1 Tb/in² are discussed. It is effective to enhance grain isolation using oxide materials that easily precipitate at the grain boundary, and this technique is adopted in commercially available perpendicular recording media. Although some difficulties such as reduction of the grain size retaining the switching field remain, 1 Tb/in² could be achieved by using granular exchange-coupled composite-type media or related technologies. Discrete track media could be used for more than 1 Tb/in² recording. It could also take several years to further develop nano-processing technology and establish a cost-effective infrastructure. BPM offers great potential in achieving high recording density, although some necessary technologies are still too primitive to consider commercial production.     

关於核子的磁矩

最近田渠提出了一个简单的核子电荷分布的模型。在一方面,这一模型准确地解释了中子的磁矩和质子的磁矩数值间的比。在另一方面,这一模型具有严重的理论上的困难和应用上的局限性。目前的场论还没有能力补救这一模型的这些缺点。 远在1925年,当乌伦贝克和高特斯密脱二氏提出电子具有自旋和磁矩的假设的时候,为了解释电子的回转磁比率,他们便为电子的结构提出了类似的模型。他们假     

表面波等离子体源的发展现状

对微波放电产生的平板型表面波等离子体源进行了系统介绍,分析了表面波等离子体的工作原理, 探讨了维持表面波等离子体放电的能量吸收机制,介绍了由单模谐振腔阵列、 亚波长衍射光栅及开槽天线阵列组成的新型波模转换器.表面波等离子体的产生机理、实现途径、 参数特性和数值仿真等方面的研究进展及其所取得的成果,有利于促进新型表面波等离子体源走向产业化应用, 并促使微电子产业的功效取得新的突破.     

Trigger System of the NUCLEON Space Experiment

The NUCLEON satellite experiment is designed to investigate directly the energy spectra of galactic cosmic ray (CR) nuclei and its charge composition before the “knee”: in the energy interval from 100 GeV to 100 TeV and the charge range Z = 1–30 respectively. The “knee” energy range of 10¹¹–10¹⁶ eV is a crucial region for the understanding of the cosmic-ray acceleration and propagation in the interstellar medium. The NUCLEON detector has been data taken since December, 2014. The NUCLEON trigger system and CR event selection are described, including the beam tests at the SPS CERN, flight tests in orbit and the Monte-Carlo simulation.

     

Present status of Double Chooz experiment

The goal of the Double Chooz experiment is to measure the value of sin²(2ϑ ₁₃), which is of great interest at the moment in neutrino physics. To overcome the existing limit coming from the CHOOZ experiment, we are going to use two identical detectors that will be placed at a distance of 150 m and 1.05 km from the reactor cores. This setup will allow us to decrease systematic error down to the level of a percent. In this paper, we discuss the details of the proposed experiment and the ways in which we plan to achieve the announced sensitivity. on behalf of Double Chooz Collaboration The text was submitted by the author in English.     

The current status of research in ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray physics: A brief review

The origin and nature of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs, E > 10¹⁸ eV) is one of the most intriguing unsolved problems of modern astrophysics. This review is dedicated to the current status of research in this field. We describe the largest ongoing experiments carried out at the Pierre Auger Observatory and Telescope Array, at the first orbital detector of UHECRs, that is, TUS, and for the KLPVE and JEM-EUSO orbital telescopes, which are currently being developed. We discuss the latest results on the energy spectrum and mass composition of UHECRs and the relationship between UHECRs on the one hand and ultrahigh-energy neutrinos and photons on the other. Finally, we review the latest results on the anisotropy of the arrival directions of UHECRs, which is a crucially important area of research in the search for astrophysical sources of cosmic rays in the highest energy range.     

Similarity of transient current curves for dispersive transport: Theory and experiment

The influence of an electric field on the shape of transient current curves for both surface and uniform generation was studied by numerically solving the multiple-trapping model equations with an exponential energy distribution of traps. At dispersion parameters not exceeding 0.5, the calculation results satisfactorily coincided with the analytic data. Similarity of time-of-flight curves and its violations related to the inclusion of the frequency factor and radiation pulse width were studied. The results of the theoretical analysis were used to interpret the experimental data obtained for two typical molecularly doped polymers. The question of the relation between the model under consideration and the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative formalism is discussed.     

电流电离室教学实验装置的研制

介绍流气式电流电离室实验装置的制作,测量了该电离室的饱和特性、轴向均匀性等性能参数,将该电离室用于核与粒子物理实验教学中,取得了良好效果。