分光光度法测定火龙果茎中的植物甾醇

建立了Liebennann-Burchard显色法测定火龙果茎中植物甾醇含量的方法.以豆甾醇为标样,植物甾醇含量在0.02～0.20 mg/mL范围内,服从比耳定律,回归方程为A=4.489σ+0.0339,相关系数R=0.9997,方法的回收率为98.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.8%(n=5).     

固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法分析火龙果果肉中挥发性成分

火龙果不仅具有保健功能,还具有降血压、降血脂、润肺、解毒、养颜等药用功效,被称为21世纪保健食品和果品珍品。目前关于火龙果的研究主要集中在茎、花、种籽、果实色素等方面[1-6],而对其果肉中挥发性成分的研究未见报道,但果肉中挥发性成分对于水果的保鲜具有重要的作用[7]。近年来,固相微萃取(SPME)技术在水果挥发性成分分析方面已得到了一定的应用[8-9],SPME具     

GC-MS联用分析火龙果花提取液的化学成分

采用GC/MS分析火龙果花无水乙醇、CH2Cl2提取液的化学成分.从无水乙醇和CH2C12提取液中分别分离出60和54个峰,经NIST数据库检索、与标准谱图比较共鉴定出49个化学组分.结果表明,火龙果花中含有维生素E,脂肪酸,烃类和β-谷甾醇、豆甾醇、菜油甾醇等甾醇类化合物.     

微波消解火焰原子吸收法测定火龙果中铁的不确定度评定

对微波消解火焰原子吸收法测定火龙果中铁含量的不确定度进行评估.建立相应的不确定度数学模型，根据测试过程分析不确定度来源有7个方面，计算各不确定度分量，得到火龙果中铁含量测定结果是X=（1.308±0.281）mg/100 g（k=2）.测量过程不确定度的主要来源是样品溶液测量、样品空白及样品溶液定容等3个方面，其中，标准曲线制作和工作曲线拟合引起的不确定度最大.不确定度评定结果可为水果等营养元素检测方面提供参考，避免或减少一些不必要检测误差，使测试结果更加准确.     

藏药无茎芥的化学成分研究

藏药无茎芥(Pegaeophyton scapiflorun(Hook.f.et Thoms)Marq.et Shaw)为十字花科(Cruciferae)无茎芥属(Pe-gaeophyton Hayeket Hand-Wazz)植物,又名单花芥、高山辣根菜,为多年生草本,主要产于云南西北部、西藏、四川、青海等地,生长于海拔3500～5400米的高山草地[1].在藏族地区,藏医用无茎芥全草内服退热、治肺咯血、并解食物中毒,外用治刀伤[2,3].无茎芥属植物只有无茎芥一种植物,该植物的化学成分研究前人未见报道.     

火龙果的微量元素含量分析

用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪 (ICP AES)测定了湛江市郊区栽培的火龙果中微量元素的含量 ,发现其镁、钙、锌、锰等元素的含量比较丰富 ,并讨论了这些有益元素与人体健康的关系。     

丹参木质素及其单体含量的测定

本文建立了一种准确、快速的检测丹参中木质素及其单体含量的方法.采用Klason法和紫外分光光度法分别对丹参根和茎中酸不溶性木质素(Klason木质素)和酸溶性木质素含量进行了测定;运用硫代酸解法并结合气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分别对丹参根和茎中各木质素单体组成进行了分析.结果显示,总木质素在丹参根和茎中的含量分别为...     

固相萃取/高效液相色谱法对火龙果中手性苯醚甲环唑的分离测定

建立了固相萃取/高效液相色谱测定火龙果中手性苯醚甲环唑的方法。火龙果样品经乙腈提取,石墨化炭黑/氨基固相萃取柱净化后进行测定。实验考察了不同手性色谱柱、流动相组成、流速及进样体积对分离的影响,通过优化分离成功拆分了苯醚甲环唑对映体。优化的色谱条件为:Chrialcel IF-3手性柱为色谱柱,正己烷-乙醇(92∶8,体积比)为流动相,流速为1.0 m L/min,进样量为60μL。在上述条件下,4个对映体基本完全分离,分析时间不超过35 min。单个对映体在0.10~10 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.025 mg/L。分别添加0.4、2.8 mg/kg两个水平的外消旋苯醚甲环唑,测得4个对映体的平均回收率分别为83.7%~99.3%和86.4%~91.6%,相对标准偏差分别为1.3%~7.2%和1.4%~3.1%。该方法的分离时间较短,分离效果好,灵敏度高,适用于火龙果等水果中手性农药苯醚甲环唑含量的测定。     

罗布麻茎伤流液成分研究

以罗布麻茎伤流液作为研究对象,通过GC-MS和ICP对其的成分进行了分析.由GC-MS结果可知,罗布麻茎伤流液中羊毛甾醇、9,19-环麦角甾-24(28)-烯-3-醇、羽扇-20(29)-烯-3-醇、十八醛等含量较多.由ICP结果可知,罗布麻茎伤流液中钾含量最高,达到50.6 g/kg;钠和钙的含量次之,分别为1.89 g/kg和1.54 g/kg;其余无机成分含量较低.研究力求探索出罗布麻茎秆资源利用的新方向.     

两种葱属植物提取物对香蕉枯萎病菌有抑制作用组分的气相色谱-质谱分析

以葱、韭菜根的石油醚和乙酸乙酯提取物对香蕉枯萎病菌进行了抑菌实验,结果表明:葱茎的石油醚提取液对香蕉枯萎病菌的抑制效果最明显,采用气相色谱-质谱法对葱茎的石油醚提取液进行分析,发现其中含有42.07％的二硫化物和16.29％的噻烷类化合物,推断这2种化学成分可能是抑菌的主要成分.进一步对葱的根、茎、叶和韭菜根的石油醚提...     

Essential oil composition of Vismia macrophylla leaves (Guttiferae)

The essential oil from Vismia macrophylla Kunth (Guttiferae) leaves, extracted by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by GC/MS. The oil obtained (yield 0.11%) contained twenty-eight compounds, which were identified from their retention indices and by comparison of their mass spectra with those in the Wiley GC-MS Library data base. The major components were beta-caryophyllene (20.1%), germacrene D (11.6%) and beta-elemene (7.0%).     

卷心菜和芹菜中的17种元素测定

采用微波消解法处理卷心菜和芹菜样品,并用ICP-AES法测定这两种蔬菜中的17种微量元素Ca,Mg,K,Na,P,Zn,Fe,Cu,Mn,Al,Se,Cr,Ni,Cd,As,Pb,Hg。结果表明,两种蔬菜中均含有丰富的矿物元素Ca,Mg,K,Na,P,芹菜中的矿物元素更高,也存在少量能调节人体生理机能的有益微量元素Zn、Fe、Mn、Al、Cu、Ni,除了卷心菜中Hg含量超标外,其它有害重金属元素均属国家食品安全卫生标准之内。     

红树林湿地土壤矿物的分析

以湛江湾南海堤典型红树林湿地土壤为研究对象,采用X射线衍射(XRD)和傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)快速批量鉴定土壤中矿物成分,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察土壤颗粒形貌特征并获得化学成分组成信息;同时采集附近光滩土壤样品进行对比研究,以揭示红树林湿地土壤特殊的生态环境特征。结果表明,红树林湿地土壤矿物主要由高岭石、石英、白云母、埃洛石、地开石和蛇纹石等组成;与光滩土壤相比,红树林湿地土壤矿物类型多样,而光滩土壤矿物相对单一,主要为石英和高岭石;红树林湿地土壤颗粒以片状聚合体为主,主要元素组成为C、O、S、Al、Si、Mg、Fe等,常见含有Cu、Zn、Mo等重金属元素。同时发现红树林湿地土壤颗粒含有较丰富的硫化物;而光滩土壤未发现上述特征,表明红树林湿地处于一个特殊的生态环境,土壤沉积物中富含有机质、Fe、S等,比一般潮滩更易于富集硫化物或重金属。     

超临界CO_2萃取姜油的组成研究

用超临界ＣＯ＿２萃取法从冷冻干燥的姜中萃取出姜油。通过薄层色谱、柱色谱、气相色谱以及色谱。质谱联用等手段进行组成剖析,并与水汽蒸馏法获得的姜油进行一些比较。结果表明超临界ＣＯ＿２萃取法不仅能获得姜中的挥发油组分,而且能同时获得各种姜辣素成分。此法萃取的姜油目前已鉴定出的组分有９７个,占色谱峰总面积的９３％左右。     

Physicochemical Grounds for Application of Schungite for Neutralization of 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine in Wastewater

Chromatography–mass spectrometry and MALDI mass spectrometry have been used to study the interaction of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine and products of its oxidation with the surface of mineral schungite in aqueous solutions. A comparative analysis has been performed for organic compounds contained in initial and equilibrium 1,1-dimethylhydrazine solutions brought in contact with schungite, as well as compounds desorbed from the modified surfaces of the mineral and its inorganic components. The analysis has revealed the efficiency of schungite as a low-cost and environmentally friendly sorbent capable of catalyzing the profound oxidation of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine and products of its transformation to nontoxic low-molecularmass substances. Environmentally safe methods have been proposed for the regeneration of used schungite.     

Comparative analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the essential oils from bark and leaves of Cedrelopsis grevei Baill, an aromatic and medicinal plant from Madagascar

The essential oils from bark and leaves of Cedrelopsis grevei Baill (Ptaeroxylaceae), an aromatic and medicinal plant from Madagascar, are widely used in folk medicine. These two commercially available oils have been examined separately by means of GC-MS. The oil constituents were identified according to their mass spectra and their relative retention indices determined on both polar and non-polar stationary phase capillary columns. A total of 55 compounds have been identified constituting 76.7% (bark) and 91.6% (leaves) of the volatile constituents. Both oils were found to have a similar composition; however the relative percentages of some compounds notably differed. The bark essential oil contained beta-pinene (17.1%), cis-sesquisabinene hydrate (12.8%) and caryophyllene oxide (7.0%) as the main components whereas the leaf essential oil was largely dominated by trans-beta-farnesene (35.6%); beta-pinene (12.8%), cis-sesquisabinene hydrate (9.8%) and ar-curcumene (8.6%) were also present as major components. As far as we know, this is the first report on the Cedrelopsis grevei bark and leaf essential oils which therapeutic properties may be attractive for aromatherapy.     

Characterization of Chinese Lacquer in Historical Artwork by On-Line Methylation Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

An effective method for characterizing Chinese lacquer as binding medium in historical artwork has been developed by on-line methylation pyrolysis-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (pyrolysis GC–MS). The characteristic pyrolytic components of Chinese lacquer were identified in artificially aged pure and pigmented lacquer. Methylation of urushiol (mainly composed of catechol derivatives) was performed by adding tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide to convert phenolic hydroxyl groups into methylated derivatives to improve the resolution of catechol derivatives and urushiol monomers. The mechanism of formation of small molecular components was proposed, and the influence of different mineral pigments (azurite, malachite, ochre, and cinnabar) on the determination of characteristic components was discussed. Aliphatic hydrocarbon components, benzene derivatives, catechol derivatives, and urushiol monomers were proposed as characteristic pyrolytic components. In addition to 3-pentadecene-catechol, 3-pentadecane-catechol, and 3-heptadecene-catechol, 3-pentadecene-phenol was also identified as an urushiol monomer in Chinese lacquer. Four pigments slightly reduced the detection of aliphatic hydrocarbon components, but were unconspicuous for the detection of benzene derivatives. Azurite, malachite, and cinnabar decreased the measurement of urushiol monomers, but ochre significantly increased their relative abundance. The established on-line methylation pyrolysis GC–MS procedure and summarized data were successfully applied to the identification of samples collected from Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Dynasty (221–207 BC), Han Yang Mausoleum of Han Dynasty (206 BC–24 AD), and Dazu Grotto of Tang Dynasty (618–907 AD).     

Determination of trace elements in eyeshadow face powder and rouge make-up cosmetics by neutron activation analysis

Some trace elements exist in cosmetics due to the mineral origin of their raw materials and there is no information about their concentration levels in these products. Other trace elements must not be contained in cosmetics according to the list of European Communities. Instrumental neutron activation analysis has been applied to determine the elements: cerium, cesium, europium, hafnium, lanthanum, lutetium, potassium, rubidium, samarium, scandium, sodium, tantalum, terbium, tungsten and ytterbium in eyeshadow, face powder and rouge make up cosmetic products from the Greek market. According to our results, a wide range of values was found between the three examined cosmetics as well as between the different samples belong to the same kind of cosmetics. This probably could be attributed to the various manufacturers of the analyzed samples. Moreover the use of neutron activation analysis as a suitable routine method is discussed for the control of some elements which must not be contained in cosmetics.     

Raman spectroscopy of <Emphasis Type="Italic">natron</Emphasis>: shedding light on ancient Egyptian mummification

The mummification ritual in ancient Egypt involved the evisceration of the corpse and its desiccation using natron, a naturally occurring evaporitic mineral deposit from the Wadi Natrun, Egypt. The deposit typically contains sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and impurities of chloride and sulfate as its major elemental components. It is believed that the function of the natron was to rapidly remove the water from the cadaver to prevent microbial attack associated with subsequent biological tissue degradation and putrefaction. Several specimens of natron that were recently collected from the Wadi Natrun contained coloured zones interspersed with the mineral matrix that are superficially reminiscent of extremophilic cyanobacterial colonisation found elsewhere in hot and cold deserts. Raman spectroscopy of these specimens using visible and near-infrared laser excitation has revealed not only the mineral composition of the natron, but also evidence for the presence of cyanobacterial colonies in several coloured zones observed in the mineral matrix. Key Raman biosignatures of carotenoids, scytonemin and chlorophyll have been identified. Figure The mummification ritual in ancient Egypt involved the evisceration of the corpse and its desiccation using natron, a naturally occurring evaporitic mineral deposit from the Wadi Natrun, Egypt. The deposit typically contains sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and impurities of chloride and sulfate as its major elemental components. It is believed that the function of the natron was to rapidly remove the water from the cadaver to prevent microbial attack associated with subsequent biological tissue degradation and putrefaction. Several specimens of natron that were recently collected from the Wadi Natrun contained coloured zones interspersed with the mineral matrix that are superficially reminiscent of extremophilic cyanobacterial colonisation found elsewhere in hot and cold deserts. Raman spectroscopy of these specimens using visible and near-infrared laser excitation has revealed not only the mineral composition of the natron, but also evidence for the presence of cyanobacterial colonies in several coloured zones observed in the mineral matrix. Key Raman biosignatures of carotenoids, scytonemin and chlorophyll have been identified.