热分析-质谱联用中逸出气体的脉冲热分析定量方法

利用脉冲热分析技术(PulseTA)实现对热分析-质谱(TA-MS)联用系统中逸出气体质谱信号的定量,考察了多种实验参数如不同载气流速、温度以及分析样品量等因素对热分析-质谱联用系统中逸出气体质谱信号定量校正的影响.实验结果表明,利用PulseTA对TA-MS联用系统中逸出气体CO2定量结果与理论计算值的相对误差约2.85%.同时利用TG-DTG-MS联用技术对氮化铟(InN)粉体的热分解行为进行研究,在氩气气氛下InN粉体的热分解过程一步完成,InN粉体在550～750℃得到相应的正离子质谱峰:N2+(m/z=28),所释放的N非常接近InN中N的理论含量.利用PulseTA技术检测到InN粉体受热分解放出氮气质量的实验测量值与理论计算值的相对误差约为1.36%.     

无定形硅铝催化生物质热裂解气齐聚合成汽油的特性

选取无定形硅铝(ASA)作为生物质热裂解气齐聚反应催化剂,分析了齐聚反应前后ASA的织构性质、酸性和积碳行为的变化规律,并在固定床反应器中评价了ASA在不同反应条件(100~320℃,2.0~4.0MPa)下的齐聚反应性能.结果表明,在不同齐聚反应条件下ASA均有不同程度的酸性损失和积碳,L酸位量损失随着温度升高呈现先降低后增加的趋势,在280℃达到最低;压力的升高则有利于降低L酸位量的损失.催化剂积碳量变化与L酸位量变化趋势一致.在反应过程中,低碳烯烃转化率和汽油段产物收率随着温度和压力的升高逐渐增大,在4.0 MPa,280℃反应条件下达到最优,其乙烯、丙烯和丁烯的反应转化率分别为19.2%,37.3%和58.7%,汽油段产物收率(摩尔分数)为22.9%,C_5~+的烯烃类选择性可达73.5%.     

复合酸掺杂导电聚苯胺的合成及性能

采用复合酸掺杂微乳液法合成导电聚苯胺. 探讨了反应温度和掺杂剂质量比对聚苯胺性能的影响,并通过四探针、塔菲尔曲线、激光粒度分析、热重分析以及红外光谱测试技术,对聚苯胺进行了研究与表征. 结果表明,当聚合温度为15 ℃、磺基水杨酸和十二烷基苯磺酸钠的质量比为2.5∶1时,掺杂态聚苯胺电导率和溶解度达到最大值,同时具有良好的防腐蚀能力;其中电导率可达11 S/cm,在氮甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)中溶解度可达85%;经电化学工作站测试的塔菲尔曲线可知,其腐蚀电位为-0.391 V. 热重分析表明,复合酸掺杂聚苯胺热分解温度约为440 ℃;粒径分析表明,约有90%的聚苯胺颗粒集中在50～100 nm之间.红外光谱表明,复合酸掺杂聚苯胺各主要吸收峰均向低频方向移动,说明掺杂的有效性.     

超声辅助HPLC法测定毛泡桐中乌索酸和齐墩果酸含量

采用超声辅助提取,建立了毛泡桐中乌索酸和齐墩果酸的反相高效液相色谱分析方法。色谱柱为Kromasil C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为V(乙腈) V(甲醇) V(水) V(磷酸)=168 682 150 1.68,流量0.8 mL·min-1,检测波长210 nm,柱温25℃。乌索酸进样量在0.92~16.56μg时,与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 6),平均回收率为97.8%,RSD为1.2%(n=6);齐墩果酸在0.50~9.00μg时,与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 4),平均回收率为99.2%,RSD为1.5%(n=6)。该法操作简便、快速、准确,可用于毛泡桐中乌索酸和齐墩果酸含量的测定。     

CVD法制备碳纳米管的TG-DTA研究--温度对CVD法制备碳纳米管的影响

基于碳纳米管粗产品中无定形碳和不同直径碳纳米管对氧的反应活性的差异,通过差热-热重(TG-DTA)方法,结合透射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)的测试结果,研究了合成温度对以乙炔气体为碳源,用CVD法制备碳纳米管的石墨化程度、碳纳米管直径以及直径分布的影响.结果表明:反应中,由于催化剂Co/SiO2中活性组分(Co)微晶随合成温度的升高而增大,导致所制备的碳纳米管的直径增大,从20～30 nm(650℃)增加到30～50nm(750℃).碳纳米管的石墨化程度随着反应温度的升高而增加.XRD实验结果还表明,当合成温度从650℃增加到850℃时,2θ值从25.8°增加到26.8°,(002)晶面的层间距从3.45 A减小到3.32 A,即随着合成温度的升高,碳纳米管(002)晶面的层间距减小.通过DTA放热峰的峰温和半峰宽的分析得出,无定形碳的放热峰峰温Tp＜380℃,其含量随着温度的升高而减小.碳纳米管的DTA放热峰的峰温Tp随着碳纳米管的直径和石墨化的程度的增加而升高,半峰宽随着碳纳米管的直径的分布范围增大而增宽.低温(650℃)有利于生成直径小且均匀的多层碳纳米管(20～30nm),而高温(大于750℃)则有利于生成直径大的多层碳纳米管(大于30～50 nm).     

矿物中药自然铜的组成与热稳定性研究

采用X射线粉末衍射、热重-差热分析、等离子体发射光谱等分析手段, 对不同产地自然铜和煅自然铜的结构组成、热稳定性和微量元素进行测定和分析. 结果表明: 自然铜的主要物相为FeS2, 煅自然铜则因产地而异, 出现了FeS2(南京中医药大学样品中约86%, 湖南89%, 四川32%, 山西19%), FeS(湖南11%, 安徽24%, 四川24%), Fe3O4(安徽29%), Fe2O3(安徽14%)和FeO(OH) (南京中医药大学14%, 山西74%)等复杂物相. 自然铜在加热到450～800 ℃时, 逐渐发生了由FeS2转变为FeS的相变. 在这些药材中含有丰富的与人体健康密切相关的微量元素, 既含有对人体有益的Ca, Fe, Zn等微量元素, 也含有As, Cd, Pb等有害微量元素. 实验结果为该矿物药的鉴定和评价提供了科学数据.     

1,3,5-三硝基-六氢化-1,3,5-三嗪-2(1H)-酮(Keto-RDX)新法合成、晶体结构和热性能研究

研究了1,3,5-三硝基-六氢化-1,3,5-三嗪-2(1H)-酮(Keto-RDX)的合成新方法,以乌洛托品和硝基胍为原料,通过Mannich反应得到2-硝亚胺基-六氢化-1,3,5-三嗪盐酸盐(NIHT·HCl),用HNO3/AC2O硝化可得Keto-RDX,并采用核磁共振、红外、质谱以及元素分析等进行了结构表征.培养了Keto-RDX单晶,晶体结构解析表明:晶体属于正交晶系,空间群Pnma,晶胞参数a=1.0057(17)nm,b=1.3483(2)nm,c=0.5982(10)nm,V=0.8112(2)nm3,Z=4,Dc=1.933 g/cm3,μ=0.188 mm-1,F(000)=480.差示扫描量热(DSC)法和热失重(TG/DTG)法分析表明,Keto-RDX分解峰温为211.4℃(DSC),在185.00～202.79℃为固相分解阶段,峰温为198.61℃,质量损失为21.45%,在202.79～230.00℃为液相分解阶段,质量损失为77.83%,峰温为213.78℃,热稳定性较RDX差.     

纳米镍包覆超细铝复合粉末的氧化性能

通过置换还原法, 快速、简洁、定量地制备出了纳米镍包覆的超细铝粉复合粉末. 利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析(TGA)、差示扫描量热(DSC)和X射线衍射(XRD)等分析手段对原料Al粉和复合粉末的形貌及其氧化性能进行研究. 结果表明, 原料Al粉在1050 ℃时增重率为122%, 当包覆的纳米镍粉质量分数为0.75%时, 可以使铝粉在1050 ℃时的增重率达到135%, 并且随着镍粉含量的增加, 铝粉的增重率进一步提高. 当镍的质量分数达到8.93%时, 复合粉末在约1000 ℃时出现点火燃烧现象. 纳米镍粉的氧传递对促进超细铝粉的氧化起到了至关重要的作用.     

β-磷酸三钙与聚乙烯醇的相互作用及其对聚乙烯醇热性能和力学性能的影响

以水为增塑剂,利用分子复合和增塑的方法,制备了聚乙烯醇(PVA)/β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)复合材料,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差示扫描热分析(DSC)及热重分析(TGA)等手段研究了PVA与β-TCP间的相互作用及其对复合材料热性能和力学性能的影响.结果表明,β-TCP中的Ca2+与PVA中的OH形成配位键,破坏了PVA自身氢键的缔合状态,使PVA中的小分子脱除反应在更高的温度下进行,提高了PVA的热稳定性,当β-TCP质量分数为30%时,复合材料的初始分解温度由PVA的235.4℃提高到268.6℃,增塑剂水可显著降低PVA的熔点,从而获得约138℃的热塑加工窗口.β-TCP在PVA基体中的良好分散及其与PVA基体间的良好界面相互作用使复合材料具有优良的力学性能.     

含氟聚酰亚胺1,3-BPA-6FDA-DR1的合成及其热光性能

用1,3-双(3-氨基苯氧基)苯(1,3-BPA)、4,4′-(六氟异丙基)-苯二酸酐(6FDA)和分散红1(DR1)合成了含氟聚酰亚胺,采用示差扫描量热(DSC)、热失重分析(TGA)和紫外、红外吸收光谱等测试技术对该聚酰亚胺的热稳定性和结构进行了表征。结果显示,该聚酰亚胺的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)和在5%的质量损失温度分别为238和287℃,表明具有较好的热稳定性。不同浓度的材料在自然光下的热光系数(dn/dT)值为(-2.31～-3.04)×10-4/℃,体积热膨胀系数变化率(dβ/dT)为(2.56～4.32)×10-7/℃;一定浓度的材料在436nm单波长光照射下的热光系数(dn/dT)值为-3.08×10-4/℃,体热膨胀系数变化率(dβ/dT)为4.72×10-7/℃,表明该聚合物在低驱动功率的新型数字热光开关、光通信器件等领域具有潜在的应用前景。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.