双侧进气突扩燃烧室中三维湍流有施回流两相流动的数值模拟

双侧进气突扩燃烧室中三维湍流有施回流两相流动的数值模拟周力行，林文漪，廖昌明（清华大学工程力学系北京１０００８４）关键词：湍流两相流，数值模拟为提高整体式冲压发动机双侧进气突扩燃烧室火焰稳定能力，我们提出了进气管内装设有切向导角的中心管。流场显示及Ｌ...     

不同工况下旋流液雾燃烧的直接数值模拟

采用有限差分方法对不同工况下三维旋流液雾燃烧进行了直接数值模拟,其中液滴的跟踪在拉格朗日框架中进行,液滴的蒸发相变采用无限热传导蒸发模型描述,气相燃烧采用自适应单步反应机理,模拟中采用的模型燃烧器尽可能逼近真实的燃气轮机旋流燃烧器.结果发现,旋流液雾燃烧流动和火焰结构受到旋流方式和当量比的影响,流场中出现了反平行排列的...     

加力燃烧室热态流场的大涡模拟

本文采用k方程亚网格尺度模型对带V形槽稳定器模型加力燃烧室紊流化学反应流进行大涡模拟的研究,采用亚网格EBU燃烧模型估算化学反应速率,用热通量辐射模型估算辐射通量。数值计算表明,在稳定器后面开始在短时间内出现涡的交替脱落和逐渐消失过程,然后形成稳定的回流区,数值计算结果与实验比较吻合,表明可用大涡模拟研究实际燃烧室瞬态燃烧流场。     

基于FGM的旋流预混燃烧室超大涡模拟

针对航空发动机燃烧室等复杂工程中的预混燃烧问题发展高精度、高效的数值预测方法,本研究发展了火焰面生成流型(FGM)详细化学反应建表方法结合超大涡模拟方法(VLES),对工程中的GE LM6000预混旋流燃烧室燃烧开展了高精度数值研究,并与实验结果进行了比较。计算结果表明,VLES-FGM方法可以较准确地预测出旋流预混燃烧室内的流场及温度场分布。为了进一步模拟航空发动机真实的燃烧工况,对原始单头部燃烧室使用周期性边界条件来类比全环燃烧室。计算结果表明,VLES-FGM方法计算得到的周期性燃烧室流场回流区相比较固壁边界燃烧室较小,并且固壁边界燃烧室温度场具有明显的颈部结构,燃烧室下游的高温区分布更为均匀。本文计算结果表明基于FGM燃烧模型的自适应湍流模拟方法VLES对于模拟复杂航空发动机相关的旋流预混燃烧具有很大的应用潜力。     

气液两相旋流燃烧的时均统计特性

通过直接数值模拟的方法研究了旋流燃烧器中三维正庚烷喷雾燃烧,为实际喷雾蒸发和燃烧问题提供参考。气相燃烧模型采用自适应单步反应机理,液相采用拉格朗日方法跟踪,液滴蒸发采用无限传导蒸发模型。本文研究了气相和液相时均特性.结果发现燃烧和中心回流区(CRZ)之间有相互促进作用;同向旋流导致更强的中心回流区(CRZ),但是会有更小的外部回流区(ORZ);富预混燃烧会有更高的化学反应速率,并且蒸发冷却的影响更为明显;湍流入流会导致更高的液滴散布和更小的液滴直径。     

四角切向燃烧煤粉锅炉炉膛内空气动力场的数值研究

1前言四角切向燃烧煤粉锅炉是目前应用较为广泛的一种炉型，在实际运行中有一些较为突出的优点。为深入研究煤粉在炉内的燃烧特性，炉内空气动力场的研究至关重要，本文数值模拟了四角切向燃烧煤粉锅炉炉内冷、热态情况下的流场，对其时均、湍流特性进行了分析，对气流的分布特性进行了研究．2研究对象本文的研究对象是锦州电厂二期工程的HG－670／14ty9型煤粉锅炉，燃烧器为多层四角切向布置，每角有4个一次风喷口，6个二次风喷口，1个三次风喷口。锅炉各部分尺寸及燃烧器的布置见图1、图2。热态流场的模拟对象是实际锅炉。模拟工况基本按…     

进口条件对超燃冲压发动机氢气燃烧流场特性的影响分析

对不同进口条件下的超燃冲压发动机燃烧室内氢气喷流超声速燃烧流动特性进行了数值模拟与分析.宽范围超燃冲压发动机是吸气式高超声速飞行器推进系统设计中的热点问题之一,受实验设备硬件条件及实验技术限制,数值模拟技术仍然是超燃冲压发动机燃烧室内燃气燃烧特性及流场特性的主要研究手段.采用基于混合网格技术的多组元N-S方程有限体积方法求解器,在不同进口Mach数及压强条件下,对带楔板/凹腔结构的燃烧室模型氢气喷流燃烧流场进行了数值模拟,对比分析了氢气喷流穿透深度、喷口前后回流区结构、掺混效率及燃烧效率等流场结构与典型流场参数的变化特性及影响规律.研究成果可为宽范围超燃冲压发动机喷流燃烧流动特性分析提供参考.      

喷雾夹角对柴油机性能影响的数值模拟

为研究喷雾夹角对柴油机性能的影响,应用STAR-CD程序对不同喷雾夹角的燃烧过程进行三维数值模拟.计算结果表明喷雾夹角决定了油束在燃烧室的空间分布和燃油与壁面的碰撞参数,进而影响到燃油的雾化与燃烧.当碰撞距离增加,燃油雾化时间增加.当撞壁入射角度减小,燃油壁面涂布能力增强,促进燃油蒸发雾化.当油束将燃烧室有效容积等分时,油气混合均匀,具有良好的燃烧效果.     

多点喷射燃烧室冷态流场特性研究

首先用可实现κ-ε湍流模型(RKE)和雷诺应力湍流模型(RSM)对双径向旋流杯下游流场进行数值模拟,并将计算结果与实验值对比.结果显示,在大部分区域计算值与实验值比较一致,RKE模型和RSM模型的最大误差分别为5%和3%,RKE模型可以用于旋流杯燃烧室计算.此后,用RKE模型对单头部燃烧室和多点喷射燃烧室的流场进行数值模拟.对于同样的燃烧室衬套结构,多点喷射燃烧室旋流器出口附近每个旋流器都有各自的回流区,并在下游逐渐融合,在主燃孔附近多点喷射燃烧室和单头部燃烧室的回流区结构类似.对于同样的多点喷射燃烧室头部,没有主燃孔时,回流区在原主燃孔位置前结束,有主燃孔时,单个的回流区在主燃孔附近又形成新的回流区.     

基于LES-PDF方法的双旋流模型燃烧室数值模拟

文章使用基于LES-PDF方法的AECSC两相程序,对模型燃烧室GTMC进行了数值模拟,以此验证AECSC程序对燃烧室模拟的可行性和可信度,并对旋流燃烧室的流动和燃烧特性进行分析.首先,分别用商用软件Fluent 18.1和AECSC程序的LES方法对GTMC的冷态工况进行了模拟.与实验结果相比,程序计算的轴向、径向、切向速度峰值的相对误差在大多数统计点上在20%以内,3个方向速度峰值位置的相对误差基本都在10%以内.同时发现,AECSC程序的计算结果在一定程度上比Fluent的计算结果更接近实验值.文章进一步使用AECSC程序对GTMC的热态工况进行了模拟.在计算结果中,整体的时间平均温度在数值和分布上和实验结果很接近,并很好地再现了实验的"V形"火焰和内外低温回流区,但是高温区出现的位置相比实验结果有些靠前.总体来说,热态结果和实验结果比较吻合,尤其在液雾的模拟方面,计算结果和实验结果相比有着很好的一致性.这说明将LES和PDF相结合的方法在模拟湍流燃烧方面有较强的优势,可以成为未来的研究和发展方向.      

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.