共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 69 毫秒
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应用热等离子体技术处理污染物的研究进展 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
介绍了应用于处理环境污染物的各种热等离子体技术及其特点,突出介绍了新兴的电感硝等离子体技术的发展。评述了近期用于污染物处理的等离子体研究领域的几个重要方向,并重略介绍了作者实验室的一些实验结果。 相似文献
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以沉积物和污泥中非极性和弱极性有机污染物的非靶标筛查为目的,建立了一种超声波辅助提取-气相色谱-质谱结合自动解卷积技术的筛查方法。以二氯甲烷为溶剂超声波辅助提取样品3次,每次20 min,提取液经凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和硅胶层析柱净化,再用3 g铜粉超声10 min除硫。前处理方法的重复性(RSD, n=5)为5.8%~14.9%。采用自动质谱解卷积软件(AMDIS)和标准谱库定性鉴别出所含的有机物。在两类样品中共鉴别出290种有机污染物,其中沉积物样品中190种,污泥样品中153种。鉴别出的污染物包括美国环境保护署(EPA)优先控制污染物、药物和除草剂等新型污染物、抗氧化剂、中间体、有机溶剂及化工原料等。该方法灵敏度高,重复性好,可用于复杂基质样品中有机污染物的非靶标筛查。 相似文献
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黑碳是由生物质及化石燃料燃烧产生的含碳颗粒,是除CO2外对全球气候变暖贡献最大的辐射强迫因子。因此,黑碳对全球气候和环境系统具有重大影响。其次,黑碳超小(<100 nm)的粒径使其能够通过呼吸系统进入到人体内,其本身以及表面负载的有毒物质也会对人体健康产生严重危害。为了厘清黑碳对环境和人类健康的影响,研究人员已发展了多种针对黑碳颗粒的分析技术,其中质谱技术凭借出色的抗干扰能力和强大的定性定量分析性能成为研究黑碳环境效应和健康风险最有潜力的技术之一。该文综述了复杂介质中黑碳颗粒质谱分析技术的原理、技术特征和应用实例,并对未来黑碳的分析技术发展进行了展望。 相似文献
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环境样品中微塑料分析技术研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
微塑料一般是指直径小于5 mm的塑料纤维、碎片或颗粒。环境中的微塑料来源广泛,性质稳定,是疏水性有机污染物和重金属的理想载体。微塑料易被浮游生物、鱼类及低等生物误食,并在食物网各营养级之间发生转移和富集,对食品安全存在潜在风险。开展微塑料分析技术研究是研究微塑料在环境中的分布、迁移、转化、归趋和生态毒理效应的基础。该文综述了国内外环境样品中微塑料的采集、分离提取、定性鉴别技术的研究进展,并探讨了各方法的优缺点。最后针对现阶段微塑料分析方法存在的问题和不足,展望了环境中微塑料分析技术的发展趋势。 相似文献
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金属-有机框架(Metal-Organic Frameworks,MOFs)是以有机配体为连接体以及以金属离子或金属离子簇为节点,由配位键自组装形成的具有周期性结构的金属配位聚合物.自20世纪以来,MOFs的研究取得了突破性的进展.研究发现,MOFs不仅在光、电、磁、催化方面具有潜在的应用前景,而且在识别与交换、存储与吸附、化合物的选择性分离等方面也具有日益广泛的应用,正在发展成为一种新型多功能材料.近年来,研究人员对MOFs在吸附去除各种环境污染物机理和应用进行了较为系统深入的研究.本文就以下几方面进行阐述:MOFs对农药分子的吸附去除;水中有机染料分子与PPCPs(药物及个人护理产品)的吸附去除;水中重金属离子的吸附去除;大气中PMs(悬浮颗粒物)的吸附去除四个部分. 相似文献
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Joonas Nurmi Jukka Pellinen Anna‐Lea Rantalainen 《Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS》2012,47(3):303-312
Emerging contaminants from wastewater effluent samples were analysed, using posttarget and nontarget analysis techniques. The samples were analysed with an ultra performance liquid chromatograph‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (UPLC‐TOF‐MS), and the resulting data were processed with commercial deconvolution software. The method works well for posttarget analysis with prior information about the retention times of the compounds of interest. With positive polarity, 63 of 66 compounds and with negative polarity, 18 of 20 compounds were correctly identified in a spiked sample, while two compounds of a total of 88 fell out of the mass range. Furthermore, a four‐stage process for identification was developed for the posttarget analysis lacking the retention time data. In the process, the number of candidate compounds was reduced by using the accurate mass of selected compounds in two steps (stages 1 and 2), structure–property relationships (stage 3) and isotope patterns of the analytes (stage 4). The process developed was validated by analysing wastewater samples spiked with 88 compounds. This procedure can be used to gain a preliminary indication of the presence of certain analytes in the samples. Nontarget analysis was tested by applying a theoretical mass spectra library for a wastewater sample spiked with six pharmaceuticals. The results showed a high number of false identifications. In addition, manual processing of the data was considered laborious and ineffective. Finally, the posttarget analysis was applied to a real wastewater sample. The analysis revealed the presence of six compounds that were afterwards confirmed with standard compounds as being correct. Three psycholeptics (nordiazepam, oxazepam and temazepam) could be tentatively identified, using the identification process developed. Posttarget analysis with UPLC‐TOF‐MS proved to be a promising method for analysing wastewater samples, while we concluded that the software for nontarget analysis will need improvement before it can be used in environmental analytical work with LC‐TOF‐MS systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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《Journal of separation science》2018,41(4):940-947
A multiresidue method was developed for the determination of 19 emerging organic contaminants (pharmaceutical drugs, personal care products, and bisphenol A) in poultry manure. Lyophilized samples of manure were extracted by ultrasound‐assisted matrix solid‐phase dispersion and the extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry after derivatization. Analysis of spiked poultry manure samples, at levels ranging from 25 to 150 ng/g, gave satisfactory recovery results for all the compounds, with values from 67 to 106%. The developed procedure provided detection limits that ranged from 0.9 to 2.2 ng/g. Finally, the validated method was applied to poultry manure samples collected from 23 poultry farms in Spain. Salicylic acid was found in most of the samples analyzed at levels up to 2501 ng/g, whereas, methyl paraben, orthophenylphenol, ibuprofen, paracetamol, and carbamazepine were detected at levels up to 250 ng/g. Composting of manure showed an important decrease in the levels of the detected contaminants. 相似文献
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The European Reach legislation will possibly drive producers to develop newly designed chemicals that will be less persistent, bioaccumulative or toxic. If this innovation leads to an increased use of more hydrophilic chemicals it may result in higher mobilities of chemicals in the aqueous environment. As a result, the drinking water companies may face stronger demands on removal processes as the hydrophilic compounds inherently are more difficult to remove. Monitoring efforts will also experience a shift in focus to more water-soluble compounds. Screening source waters on the presence of (emerging) contaminants is an essential step in the control of the water cycle from source to tap water. In this article, some of our experiences are presented with the hybrid linear ion trap (LTQ) FT Orbitrap mass spectrometer, in the area of chemical water analysis. A two-pronged strategy in mass spectrometric research was employed: (i) exploring effluent, surface, ground- and drinking-water samples searching for accurate masses corresponding to target compounds (and their product ions) known from, e.g. priority lists or the scientific literature and (ii) full-scan screening of water samples in search of 'unknown' or unexpected masses, followed by MS(n) experiments to elucidate the structure of the unknowns. Applications of both approaches to emerging water contaminants are presented and discussed. Results are presented for target analysis search for pharmaceuticals, benzotriazoles, illicit drugs and for the identification of unknown compounds in a groundwater sample and in a polar extract of a landfill soil sample (a toxicity identification evaluation bioassay sample). The applications of accurate mass screening and identification described in this article demonstrate that the LC-LTQ FT Orbitrap MS is well equipped to meet the challenges posed by newly emerging polar contaminants. 相似文献
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《International journal of environmental analytical chemistry》2012,92(4):397-404
Hitherto analysis of chemicals in the field using mass spectrometry (MS) has been limited to analysis of non-polar and thermally stabile organic compounds using either a direct gas leak or a membrane inlet as MS interface. Recently, Professor R. Graham Cooks’ group demonstrated that miniature mass spectrometers operating at elevated pressures (>0.13?Pa (1?·?10?3??Torr)) can be combined with electrospray ionization (ESI) for analysis of polar as well as thermally labile organic compounds. We present a simple miniaturized ESI unit for analysis of small liquid samples using miniature mass spectrometry. The ESI unit operates without pumps and supplementary sheath gases, which makes it very simple to handle in the field. 20–30?µL of sample solution is simply dropped into a small cavity in the ESI unit, where after the spray is initiated by applying high voltage to it. The miniaturized ESI unit was tested in combination with a miniature mass spectrometer (the Mini 10 developed by Professor R. Graham Cooks, Purdue University, IN) and we found that common herbicides (Atrazine, Prometryne, Terbutryne and Triadimefone) could be detected with detection limits around 1?mg?L?1 and with a quantitative reproducibility of +/?30%. These characteristics, although high for environmental samples, are comparable to detection limits obtained with other ESI units used with miniature mass spectrometers and represent an early step forward towards a future field instrument. A major advantage of the capillary spray cell is its direct compatibility with micro extraction techniques for sample pre-concentration. 相似文献
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《Journal of separation science》2018,41(5):1074-1082
Affinity sorbents using bovine serum albumin as a binding agent were developed and tested for the extraction of environmental contaminants from water. Computer simulations based on a countercurrent distribution model were also used to study the behavior of these sorbents. Several model drugs, pesticides, and hormones of interest as emerging contaminants were considered in this work, with carbamazepine being used as a representative analyte when coupling the albumin column on‐line with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The albumin column was found to be capable of extracting carbamazepine from aqueous solutions that contained trace levels of this analyte. Further studies of the bovine serum albumin sorbent indicated that it had higher retention under aqueous conditions than a traditional C18 support for most of the tested emerging contaminants. Potential advantages of using these protein‐based sorbents included the low cost of bovine serum albumin and its ability to bind to a relatively wide range of drugs and related compounds. It was also shown how simulations could be used to describe the elution behavior of the model compounds on the bovine serum albumin sorbents as an aid in optimizing the retention and selectivity of these supports for use with liquid chromatography or methods such as liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. 相似文献
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A multiresidue method for screening of emerging contaminants in aquatic environments was developed. The method was based on sample pretreatment with solid phase extraction (SPE) and analysis with an ultra performance liquid chromatograph-time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UPLC-TOF-MS). The method was optimized and tested with standard solutions of model compounds containing 84 pesticides and pharmaceuticals. Four different SPE sorbents were evaluated to gain maximum recovery for the analytes. For the final procedure a combination of two different sorbents was chosen. In spite of high matrix suppression, the method quantification limits (MQLs) were acceptable. Therefore, the method can be used for screening known target compounds. The applicability of the method for posttarget and nontarget screening will be reported later. To preliminarily assess the quantitative performance of the method, some compounds in wastewater effluent were quantified using the standard addition method. Three pesticides and eight pharmaceuticals were found in concentrations up to ~2200 ng/L. 相似文献
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《Journal of separation science》2018,41(13):2790-2798
In this study, a simple, efficient, and reusable device based on cellulose membranes modified with polypyrrole was developed to extract 14 emerging contaminants from aqueous matrices. For chemical polymerization, a low‐cost cellulose membrane was immersed in 0.1 mol/L pyrrole and 0.5 mol/L ammonium persulfate for 40 min in an ice/water bath. The cellulose membranes modified with polypyrrole were accommodated in a polycarbonate holder suitable for solid‐phase extraction disks. Solid‐phase extraction parameters that affect extraction efficiency, such as sample volume, pH, flow rate, and desorption were optimized. Subsequently, determination of target compounds was performed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. The linear range for analytes ranged from 0.05 to 500 μg/L, with coefficients of determination above 0.990. The limits of quantification varied between 0.05 and 10 μg/L, with relative standard deviations lower than 17%. The performance of the proposed cellulose membranes modified with polypyrrole device for real samples was evaluated after extraction of emerging contaminants from a river water sample from the city of Curitiba, Brazil. Bisphenol A (6.39 μg/L), caffeine (17.83 μg/L), and paracetamol (19.28 μg/L) were found in these samples. 相似文献
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This paper gives an overview of the potentials of liquid chromatography-hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QqTOF) in the environmental analysis. Examples of applications of QqTOF instruments for target analysis of pharmaceuticals and pesticides are presented and discussed, as well as applications aimed on the identification of unknown compounds present in environmental waters or on the elucidation of structures of biodegradation and photodegradation products. Specific issues such as uncertainty of mass measurement and quantitative performances are discussed in details. 相似文献