常温常湿条件下Au/Fe2O3催化剂上CO氧化反应的稳定性

用共沉淀法制备了Ａｕ／Ｆｅ２Ｏ３催化剂,考察了焙烧温度及金含量对Ａｕ／Ｆｅ２Ｏ３催化剂上ＣＯ氧化反应的影响,结果表明,焙烧温度及金含量对催化剂的稳定性均有较大影响,金含量为３％,３００℃焙烧制得的样品具有较好的稳定性和抗水性,在常温湿条件下可连续反应４３０ｈ保持ＣＯ完全转化;催化剂的稳定性与单质金及α－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３的粒径成反比,并与金及铁的化学状态有关,金粒子聚集、氧化态金含量的减少及催化剂表面碳酸根物种的累积可能是导致催化剂活性衰减的主要原因。     

High Temperature Electrochemical Oxidation of Ethanol Over Perovskite-Type Oxides

Ethanol oxidation was investigated in a solid electrolyte electrochemical reactor using a perovskite-type oxide La_0.6Sr_0.2Co_0.8Fe_0.2O₃ as anode. Experiments were conducted between 300–750°C at atmospheric pressure in an ytrria-stabilized-zirconia continuous stirred tank reactor using fuel-rich reactant mixtures.     

High Correlation between Oxidation Loci on Graphene Oxide

Recent experiments have shown the coexistence of both large unoxidized and oxidized regions on graphene oxide (GO), but the underlying mechanism for the formation of the GO atomic structure remains unknown. Now, using density functional calculations, 52 oxidation pathways for local pyrene structures on GO were identified, and a kinetic profile for graphene oxidation with a high correlation between oxidation loci was proposed, which is different from the conventional view, which entails a random distribution of oxidation loci. The high correlation is an essential nature of graphene oxidation processes and can be attributed to three crucial effects: 1) breaking of delocalized π bonds, 2) steric hindrance, and 3) hydrogen‐bond formation. This high correlation leads to the coexistence of both large unoxidized and oxidized regions on GO. Interestingly, even in oxidized regions on GO, some small areas of sp²‐hybridized domains, similar to “islands”, can persist because of steric effects.     

室温MnO_x上O_3氧化脱除空气中甲醛

采用氧化还原法制备了MnOx催化剂,X射线衍射结果表明其主要为无定形结构.在甲醛和臭氧浓度分别为137和642mg/m3,相对湿度为56%(25oC),GHSV为2×105h-1条件下,MnOx催化剂上O3可将甲醛全部氧化为CO2,反应150min内甲醛转化率和CO2选择性一直保持在～100%.另外,当臭氧与甲醛的摩尔比约为2:3,即显著低于化学计量比时,CO2选择性仍可达～100%.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪在线分析了甲醛氧化反应产物,未检测到任何副产物,从而确认了MnOx催化剂上O3对甲醛的完全氧化.     

铂—稀土合金的高温氧化与挥发

研究了铂和铂－稀土合金在７００－１４００℃相对静止空气中的氧化与挥发，其动力学曲线不仅符合Ｆｉｃｋ定律，而且与Ｊ－ＭＡ方程吻合较好，在１１００℃以上Ｐｔ的挥发很大，添加 土元素后大大改善了Ｐｔ的抗氧化能力，Ｐｔ的挥发主要取决于表面扩散，而Ｐｔ－ＲＥ合金的氧化受控于晶界扩散。     

SiO2负载MoVNbO复合氧化物催化剂上乙烷低温氧化制乙酸

 采用有机金属络合物浸渍表面反应技术制备了SiO2为载体的复合氧化物催化剂Mo3V1Nb0.3Ox/SiO2,并用N2吸附,IR,UV-Vis,TPR和微反技术研究了催化剂的表面结构、晶格氧的活性和对乙烷选择氧化反应的性能. 实验结果表明,复合氧化物与SiO2表面以M-O-Si键连接,金属离子处在四面体和八面体配合物结构之中;含铌的表面复合氧化物中晶格氧的活性明显提高. 在252 ℃,0.5 MPa和空速 2000 h-1的反应条件下,乙烷与氧在Mo3V1Nb0.3Ox/SiO2催化剂上发生反应,生成乙酸和乙醛,乙烷的转化率达16.1%,产物乙酸和乙醛的总选择性为90.3%.     

用TiO2，ZnO及Fe2O3纳米粒子光催化氧化庚烷的反应

 制备了三种n－型半导体氧化物TiO2，ZnO和Fe2O3纳米粒子，用X射线衍射和N2吸附技术分别对它们的结构及比表面积进行了表征．考察了三种氧化物粒子对庚烷的气相光催化氧化反应的催化活性．研究表明，对于同种催化剂，随着焙烧温度的升高，催化剂的粒径增大，比表 面积减小，光催化活性下降．三种催化剂纳米粒子的光催化活性顺序为TiO2（锐钛矿）＞ZnO＞Fe2O3，金红石型TiO2粒子的催化活性低于ZnO粒子．结合能带理论探讨了三种催化剂光催化活性差异的原因．     

NiAl-30.75Cr-3Mo-0.25Ho的高温氧化行为

研究了NiAl-30．75Cr-3Mo-0．25Ho合金在1300～1500K空气中的氧化行为。实验结果表明：在实验温度范围内,NiAl-30．75Cr-3Mo-0．25Ho合金的抗氧化性优于NiAl-31Cr-3Mo合金,与NiAl微晶涂层相当。氧化后,合金的表面生成了连续、致密的α-Al2O3防护层。在合金表面的胞界处有少量的富稀土氧化物相析出。合金抗氧化性的提高主要是由于稀土元素Ho的加入,减短了θ-Al2O3向α—Al2O3的转变时间范围;在高温氧化过程中,表面氧化膜Al2O3中晶粒度减小和形成了裂纹,延缓了氧化膜的剥落时间。由于稀土元素效应与能生成挥发物的Cr,Mo合金化元素的添加导致了合金的氧化增重小于纯NiAl合金氧化。     

脉冲复合镀涂层的制备及其高温氧化动力学

水基体系内采用脉冲复合电镀法将镍包铝粉镀到普通碳钢（A3）表面,并与直流电镀结果进行了比较。 结果显示,脉冲复合镀镀层晶粒大小均匀,结合紧密,晶相稳定,镀覆完整,经过热处理,镀层与基体金属之间相互渗透并形成金属间化合物,与钢基体结合牢固,热重分析实验显示此脉冲复合镀镀层经过热处理后显著提高了基体的高温抗氧化性。     

NO的催化氧化

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱定量分析方法研究了γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３,ＴｉＯ２和硅胶负载的金属氧化物和贵金属催化剂对ＮＯ催化氧化反应的活性,考察了反应温度、活性组分负载量、空速及预氧化还原处理等因素对催化剂活性的影响,并以ＮＯ的催化氧化机理为基础,对各种因素影响机理进行了分析,实验结果表明,ＭｎＯ,Ｃｒ２Ｏ３和Ｃｏ３Ｏ４催化剂的活性较好：预处理条件对贵金属催化剂Ｐｔ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３的活性影响较大,不同载体及不同的活     

氧化锰八面体分子筛纳米棒的合成及其催化甲醛低温氧化性能

 Uniform manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve (OMS-2) nanorods were synthesized by adding a small quantity of K2S2O8 to the solution containing MnSO4·H2O and KMnO4, and used for complete oxidation of formaldehyde. According to the results of N2 adsorption and X-ray diffraction, the material is a manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve with the cryptomelane type structure. TEM observation shows that the diameters of the nanorods range from 15 to 25 nm, and the lengths are 300～400 nm. Complete conversion of HCHO to CO2 and H2O can be achieved at 353 K over OMS-2, and the same conversion is obtained at 373 K on the MnOx powder under the same conditions, which demonstrates that the catalytic activity is closely related to the morphology of the catalysts.     

Au/MBFCN多组分复合型催化剂用于低温催化氧化丙烯制丙烯醛

钼铋系催化剂在丙烯氧化制丙烯醛反应中具有独特优势,但对反应温度、水汽配比的要求均较高.金催化剂的低温催化性能优异且对产物选择性高,我们结合两者的优势,通过调变载体制备过程中沉淀终止时的pH值得到了一系列多组分复合氧化物担载金催化剂(Au/MBFCN).反应结果显示,pH=4、载金量为0.5％(质量分数)时得到的催化剂A...     

SEM-EDS and XPS Studies of the High Temperature Oxidation Behaviour of Inconel 718

 The oxidation in air under isothermal conditions of Inconel 718 has been investigated at 900 °C. We have studied the firsts stages of the high temperature oxidation mechanism. The oxidised samples were examined using a number of surface analytical techniques including XPS and SEM-EDS. The results have shown that minor alloying elements strongly influence the oxidation behaviour of the alloy: Previous studies had shown that the rate of the external oxide scale growth and the intergranular oxide penetration during oxidation of Inconel 718 at 900 °C in air are lower than those of Inconel X or Incoloy 800. We suggest that the formation of a quasi continuous scale of the intermetallic phase Ni₃Nb at the oxide-alloy interface could have an important contribution to the good oxidation resistance of Inconel 718.     

高温氧化-化学发光检测法测定水中总氮

采用高温氧化-化学发光检测法（high temperature oxidation ＆ chemiluminescence, HTO-CL）进行水质总氮（TN）的在线测定。总氮浓度（CN）与化学发光的强度（IN）呈良好的线性关系,线性区间为0．05～100mg／L。对真实水样采用本方法进行测定,其结果与国标方法相符,回收率在90％～110％之间。以本方法为工作原理的TN-2000型总氮测定仪可用于地表水质及污水的在线监测。     

Kinetic Evidence for the Influence of Subsurface Oxygen on Palladium Surfaces Towards CO Oxidation at High Temperatures

Transient state kinetics of the catalytic oxidation of CO with O₂ on Pd‐surfaces has been measured under isothermal conditions by using a molecular beam approach. Systematic studies were carried out as a function of reaction temperature and CO+O₂ composition. With sufficient kinetic evidence, we have demonstrated the positive influence of subsurface oxygen towards CO‐adsorption and oxidation to CO₂ at high temperatures (600–900 K) on Pd‐surfaces, and the likely electronic nature of the surface changes with oxygen in the subsurface. These studies also provide a direct proof for CO‐adsorption with a significantly reactive sticking coefficient at high temperatures on Pd‐surfaces exhibiting a significant subsurface O‐coverage.     

高比表面SiC的合成及其在CO氧化反应中的应用

采用蔗糖为碳源, 正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源, 分别以草酸、硝酸铁、硝酸镍为催化剂, 用溶胶-凝胶法制备碳化硅前驱体, 考察了制备过程中催化剂的种类以及反应温度和时间对凝胶形成的影响. 发现以硝酸铁为催化剂最有利于凝胶的形成, 碳/硅物质的量比为4的前驱体在氩气气氛1350 ℃下加热10 h, 碳热还原反应趋于完成. 以该条件下合成的多孔碳化硅(比表面积133 m2·g-1)作为催化剂载体, 通过等量浸渍法获得Pt/SiC催化剂, 将其应用于一氧化碳氧化的模型反应中. 研究结果表明该催化剂有较好的催化活性和稳定性. 引入镍助剂的PtNi/SiC催化剂能进一步提高一氧化碳催化氧化反应的活性.     

Carbon Monoxide Oxidation on Pt Single Crystal Electrodes: Understanding the Catalysis for Low Temperature Fuel Cells

Herein the general concepts of fuel cells are discussed, with special attention to low temperature fuel cells working in alkaline media. Alkaline low temperature fuel cells could well be one of the energy sources in the next future. This technology has the potential to provide power to portable devices, transportation and stationary sectors. With the aim to solve the principal catalytic problems at the anode of low temperature fuel cells, a fundamental study of the mechanism and kinetics of carbon monoxide as well as water dissociation on stepped platinum surfaces in alkaline medium is discussed and compared with those in acidic media. Furthermore, cations involved as promoters for catalytic surface reactions are also considered. Therefore, the aim of the present work is not only to provide the new fundamental advances in the electrocatalysis field, but also to understand the reactions occurring at fuel cell catalysts, which may help to improve the fabrication of novel electrodes in order to enhance the performance and to decrease the cost of low temperature fuel cells.     

甲烷部分氧化制合成气的研究

考察了镍基和钴基催化剂催化甲烷在自放热条件下部分氧化制合成气。结果表明，在较高的空速条件下，反应一旦引发即可停止供热，仅靠反应自身放出的热量就能维持反应的继续进行：Ｎｉ／Ｌａ２Ｏ３催化剂中的镍负载量大于１０％后，镍负载量对催化活性无明显的影响；ＣＨ４的转化率及Ｈ２和ＣＯ的选择性均随空速和反应温度的增加而提高；对Ｎｉ／ＺｒＯ２和Ｃｏ／ＺｒＯ２催化剂，反应进行到６－１２ｈ时，ＣＨ４转化经最高；但对Ｎｉ     

Ni-Fe催化剂乙醇部分氧化制氢的研究

研究了Ni Fe催化剂对乙醇部分氧化制氢反应,系统地考察了不同O2/C2H5OH摩尔比及反应温度下催化剂的性能.发现Ni Fe催化剂对乙醇部分氧化制氢具有较好的催化活性,其中组成为Ni50Fe50催化剂最好,最佳的反应条件是O2/C2H5OH=1.0,T=573 K.XRD谱图表明催化剂主要由尖晶石结构的铁酸盐和FeNi3合金相组成. XPS结果说明,催化剂体相以还原态FeNi3合金相为主,表面以氧化态的铁酸盐为主.稳定性考察的结果表明,催化剂经40 h反应后,对氢的选择性明显下降,此时对应的FeNi3物相衍射峰强度也明显降低,表明催化剂对H2选择性的下降与FeNi3物相的转变有关.