凝胶中硅含量对SAPO-5分子筛合成及其性能的影响

通过改变反应物凝胶中的硅含量，用水热法合成了系列ＳＡＰＯ－５分子筛，并用ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ和ＭＡＳＮＭＲ分别研究了不同硅含量的分子筛结构和形貌．以正己烷的催化裂解为模型反应，用微反色谱研究了不同硅含量的ＳＡＰＯ－５分子筛的催化性能．结果表明，分子筛骨架中的硅含量随反应物中硅含量的增加而增加；硅开始进入ＳＡＰＯ－５分子筛骨架时，是以取代单个磷原子而进行的；当反应物中硅含量较高时，硅进入分子筛骨架是通过两个硅原子取代一对铝和磷原子，从而在ＳＡＰＯ－５中形成富硅区．硅进入分子筛骨架，虽然未改变分子筛的晶体结构，但改变了分子筛的晶形晶貌．ＳＡＰＯ－５分子筛中存在３种酸中心，即弱酸、中强酸和强酸中心．在正己烷催化裂解中，较低温度时，催化活性中心主要是中强酸中心；当反应温度较高时，弱酸中心也可充当活性中心．在强酸中心上易发生结炭现象．     

硅源及晶化时间对SAPO-5分子筛模板剂、酸性及催化性能的影响

改变硅源和晶化时间合成了系列ＳＡＰＯ５分子筛．用原位红外光谱和ＮＨ３ＴＰＤ研究了不同样品的酸碱性，用ＴＧＤＴＡ和ＭＡＳＮＭＲ考察了硅源及晶化时间对分子筛模板剂的影响，评价了不同样品对正己烷裂解的催化活性．结果表明，ＳＡＰＯ５分子筛孔道不仅与模板剂的胺基有作用，而且与其甲基也有作用．以硅凝胶为硅源时，在４８ｈ内，延长晶化时间可使分子筛中硅含量和强酸中心数目增加，低温下正己烷裂解活性提高；晶化７２ｈ时，分子筛的酸性减弱，正己烷裂解活性降低．以正硅酸乙酯为硅源时，延长晶化时间可使ＳＡＰＯ５的酸性增强，正己烷裂解性能提高．     

硅源及晶化时间对SAPO—5分子筛模板剂,酸性及催化性能的影响

改变硅源和晶化时间合成了系列ＳＡＰＯ－５分子筛，用原位红外光谱和ＮＨ３－ＴＰＤ研究了不同样品的酸碱性，用ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ和ＭＡＳ ＮＭＲ考察了硅源及晶化时间对分子筛模板剂的影响，评价了不同样品对正己烷裂解的催化活性。结果表明，ＳＡＰＯ－５分子筛孔道不仅与模板剂的胺基有作用，而且与其甲基也有作用。以硅凝胶为硅源时，在４８ｈ内，延长晶化时间可使分子筛中硅含量和强酸中心数目增加，低温下正己烷裂解活性提高；晶     

硅源及晶化时间对SAPO-5分子筛结构及性质的影响

分别以硅凝胶和正硅酸乙酯为硅源，通过改变晶化时间合成了系列ＳＡＰＯ５分子筛．用ＸＲＤ，ＭＡＳＮＭＲ和ＳＥＭ对分子筛的结构和形貌进行了表征．结果表明，以硅凝胶为硅源时，凝胶中的铝有３种面体配位状态．加热晶化很容易使凝胶转化为ＳＡＰＯ５分子筛，合成物的晶形更加规则．在４８ｈ内，延长晶化时间有助于硅进入分子筛骨架，使残余的Ａｌ２Ｏ３·Ｈ２Ｏ进一步反应，使骨架硅和铝的面体配位环境更加对称；超过４８ｈ后，硅开始游离出分子筛骨架，并使部分ＳＡＰＯ５转化为ＳＡＰＯ３４．以正硅酸乙酯为硅源时，硅和铝的反应活性均较低，凝胶中ＡｌＰＯ４及Ａｌ２Ｏ３·Ｈ２Ｏ的量均比四面体配位铝的量大．只有当晶化时间超过４８ｈ时，反应物中Ａｌ２Ｏ３·Ｈ２Ｏ才能完全转化．在此反应体系中，延长晶化时间有助于ＳＡＰＯ５的生成，使分子筛骨架硅的取代量更大，晶形更加规则，骨架铝的对称性更好．     

模板剂种类、浓度、硅源对SAPO-5分子筛结构性质的影响

研究了模板剂种类、浓度及硅源等因素对ＳＡＰＯ５分子筛结构、性质及酸催化性能的影响．结果表明，在合成ＳＡＰＯ５分子筛时，较合适的模板剂为三乙基胺或四乙基氢氧化铵．模板剂对分子筛结构的影响在于其空间效应，对酸性的影响在于其对硅反应性能和骨架硅含量的改变．不同硅源对分子筛骨架中的硅含量和酸性有较大的影响．得到较强酸性ＳＡＰＯ５分子筛催化剂的条件是：采用三乙胺模板剂和正硅酸乙酯．     

大孔富硅沸石分子筛的制备

大孔富硅沸石分子筛的制备Ｆｒｅｙｈａｒｄｔ等研究人员以一种有机金属化合物［（Ｃｐ＊）２ＣＯ）ＯＨ］作结构定向试剂，成功地研制出一种由十四个Ｔ－原子环形成的大孔径富硅沸石分子筛，其孔径为７５Ａ，孔体积为９９０Ａ３，这种大孔沸石分子筛不仅具有显著的热稳定...     

邻苯二酚作螯合剂合成全硅方钠石（Si—SOD）和全硅ZSM—5（S …

通过在两个合成分子筛的体系ＳｉＯ２－ＮａＯＨ－ＥＧ－Ｒ和ＳｉＯ２－ＴＰＡＢｒ－ＮａＯＨ－Ｈ２Ｏ－Ｒ（Ｒ：邻苯二酚,ＥＧ;乙二醇）中加入邻苯二酚获得了具有较大尺寸和完善形貌的分子筛单昌。＾２９Ｓｉ ＮＭＲ,ＩＲ和ＵＶ－Ｖｉｓ光谱表明,在反应混和物中有硅－邻苯二酚螯全物生成,这种硅的螯合物在形成分子筛大单昌过程中起到了缓释硅源的作用。     

SAPO—11分子筛用i—Pr2NH导向合成及其酸性研究

以ＡｌＰＯ４、Ｈ３ＰＯ４、ＳｉＯ２等为原料采用单一模板剂ｉＰｒ２ＮＨ合成了ＳＡＰＯ１１分子筛，利用Ａｖｒａｍｉ方程等对合成过程进行了定量描述。还利用红外（ＩＲ）、程序升温脱附（ＴＰＤ）、线性丁烯骨架异构反应催化活性测试等手段表征了ＳＡＰＯ１１的酸性。结果表明，合成过程随温度有明显变化，晶化阶段的活化能远高于核化阶段的值。可用Ａｖｒａｍｉ方程的参数来表征合成过程的难易程度。分子筛中存在Ｂ酸和Ｌ酸位，主要在中等强度范围，从而对线性丁烯骨架异构反应有较好的催化活性。提高分子筛中硅含量可明显增大酸位浓度，酸强度也有轻度增强。     

载钯硅磷酸铝分子筛催化剂的一步合成及其结构

将不同形式的钯源加入到硅磷酸铝子筛反应物凝胶中，用一步法直接合成了ＰｄＳＡＰＯ－５双功能催化剂，并对其进行了改性和表征。结果表明，ＳＡＰＯ－５可在较宽的ＰＨ值范围内合成，当钯以Ｈ２ＰｄＣｌ４加入时，并不影响ＳＡＰＯ－５分子筛的形成，溶液中的钯可完全均匀地分布在分子筛孔道中，而硅的分布状态略有改变     

SAPO－34分子筛表面酸性质的研究

以水热合成法制备了三个具有不同硅磷铝组成的硅磷酸铝分子筛ＳＡＰＯ－３４样品，采用红外光谱（ＩＲ）和氨法程序升温脱附（ＴＰＤ）两种方法考察了它们的表面酸性质。红外谱图中的３６００ｃｍ－１和３６２１ｃｍ－１谱峰归属于处于ＳＡＰＯ－３４分子筛结构中不同位置的两种桥联羟基（Ｓｉ－ＯＨ－Ａｌ）的振动。ＮＨ３－ＩＲ测定结果显示，这两种羟基具有较强的Ｂ酸特性，并且是分子筛酸性的主要来源；而分子筛具有的Ｌ酸中心的酸性较弱。比较三个样品的ＮＨ３－ＴＰＤ、ＮＨ_３－ＩＲ和骨架组成后发现，ＳＡＰＯ－３４的酸性受其骨架硅含量的强烈影响：当Ｓｉ／Ａｌ摩尔比小于１时，酸性随硅含量增高而变弱；当Ｓｉ／Ａｌ摩尔比大于１时，酸性将随硅含量增高而变强。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.