基于酶联金纳米复合探针的磁分离免疫传感器检测莱克多巴胺

构建了一种基于新型酶联金纳米复合探针(E-GNPs)的磁分离竞争免疫传感器，用于检测莱克多巴胺(Ractopamine, RAC)。通过链霉亲和素与生物素的特异性相互作用，在抗体上标记辣根过氧化物酶(Horseradish peroxidase, HRP),采用静电组装法将抗体修饰于金纳米颗粒表面得到E-GNPs,引入卵清蛋白(Ovalbumin, OVA)-RAC半抗原(Hapten)复合物包被的磁珠进行竞争反应，通过显色反应实现目标物的定量分析。当目标分子RAC浓度变化时，酶催化底物显色随之改变，并且RAC的浓度与显色信号强度呈线性关系。紫外-可见吸收光谱表征结果表明，一个E-GNPs可携带11个HRP分子，使得该免疫传感器具有较高的灵敏度，检出限低至1.75 pg/mL,较传统酶联免疫方法灵敏度提高了10倍。交叉反应实验结果表明，此传感器对RAC的选择性良好，可应用于猪肉、牛肉和羊肉等实际样品中RAC的检测，加标回收率为88.3%～103.4%。本方法为动物源食品中RAC的快速筛查提供了一种新思路。     

液相芯片技术同时检测莱克多巴胺、盐酸克伦特罗和沙丁胺醇

建立了一种同时检测兽药莱克多巴胺(RAC)、克伦特罗(CL)、沙丁胺醇(SAL)的多残留的新方法.采用液相悬浮芯片技术,基于间接竞争法的原理,将3种兽药抗原分别偶联到不同的荧光微球上作为探针,以藻红蛋白(PE)荧光标记二抗为信号,通过优化实验条件,分别建立3种兽药的标准曲线.基于特异性识别实验,建立3种兽药同时检测的标准曲线.结果表明,同时检测的3条曲线均呈现良好的线性相关,线性相关系数(R2)均大于0.99,RAC,CL和SAL的检测范围分别为1～ 500 μg/L,0.1～500μg/L,1～100μg/L,检出限分别为0.68,0.095和0.88 μg/L.与其它结构类似物的交叉反应率均低于1.5％,实际样品中的加标回收率令人满意.     

莱克多巴胺标准物质中的有机杂质鉴定分析

纯度标准物质是量值溯源的源头,纯度值与有机杂质的定性和定量分析结果直接相关.莱克多巴胺(Ractopamine,RAC)是一种合成的β-肾上腺受体激动剂,是典型瘦肉精类物质之一.本研究采用高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(HPLC-Q-TOF/MS)对莱克多巴胺标准物质候选物中的有机杂质进行定性分析,鉴定出4种主要有...     

莱克多巴胺免疫亲和柱的制备与应用研究

用多元酸酐与混合酸酐相结合的方法合成了莱克多巴胺(Rac)抗原,免疫动物获得特异性抗体,并以蛋白A柱纯化得到IgG抗体。琼脂糖凝胶(Sepharose 4B)经溴化氰(CNBr)活化后与IgG抗体偶联,制备莱克多巴胺免疫吸附剂。据此建立了尿液中莱克多巴胺的免疫亲和柱净化/液相色谱-荧光法(HPLC-FL)测定的分析方法。免疫制备特异抗体50%抑制浓度(IC50)为5μg/L。Sepharose 4B经CNBr活化后与2 mg抗体的偶联率达87.4%。1 mL吸附剂的柱容量为67.57 ng。尿液中莱克多巴胺的回收率为76%~90%。     

应用表面增强拉曼光谱技术快速检测尿样中的β-兴奋剂

应用表面增强拉曼光谱技术与化学计量法相结合分析克伦特罗、沙丁胺醇和莱克多巴胺3种β-兴奋剂的标准溶液.在取自10头猪的尿样中,分别添加5个不同浓度的莱克多巴胺(1～20 mg/L),采用快速的液液萃取法对样品进行前处理,再进行表面增强拉曼测试.结果表明,克伦特罗和沙丁胺醇标准溶液的最低检测浓度为2 μg/L,莱克多巴胺标准溶液的最低检测浓度为0.1 mg/L;通过偏最小二乘法建立模型进行定量分析,3种药物的实际值与预测值的相关系数(R2)为0.9134～0.9368;本方法可检测尿样中1 mg/L莱克多巴胺,经外部验证后模型的实际值与预测值的相关系数(R2)为0 881,相对分析误差(RPD)为2.83;分析尿液中的莱克多巴胺含量所需时间小于30 min,为快速检测莱克多巴胺提供新途径.     

多壁碳纳米管和分子印迹膜修饰电极检测猪尿液中莱克多巴胺

采用原位热聚合技术,分别以多壁碳纳米管(MWCNs)和分子印迹膜(MIM)修饰丝网印刷电极(SPE),与多壁碳纳米管和非分子印迹膜(NIM)修饰的丝网印刷电极组合在一起,并将其组合的丝网印刷电极通过电极插口与便携式电导仪相连接,组装成检测莱克多巴胺残留的电导型传感器,优化检测条件,并建立了检测莱克多巴胺的标准曲线,测试了实际猪尿样中莱克多巴胺的含量.通过扫描电镜分析了该分子印迹膜的表征结构.结果表明,在莱克多巴胺分子印迹膜表面形成了大量印迹微孔.本传感器装置检测莱克多巴胺具有很高的灵敏度和特异性,检出限为0.033 mg/L,线性范围为0.33～8.0 mg/L,基于猪尿样的检测回收率达到91％～98％,可实现现场快速检测.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定动物组织中的莱克多巴胺

1引言莱克多巴胺是一种新型的苯乙醇胺类β2-兴奋剂。虽然少数国家允许莱克多巴胺作为猪饲料添加剂,但欧盟已经禁止在可食性动物饲养过程中使用莱克多巴胺。我国将其列入禁用药品目录。但在畜牧业养殖过程中违法使用莱克多巴胺的现象仍然存在。目前,莱克多巴胺的检测方法在国内还未见文献报道。2实验部分2.1仪器与试剂2695高效液相色谱仪,配W-474荧光检测器(美国W aters公司);2k15冷冻离心机(德国S igm a公司),BüCH I B-490旋转蒸发仪(瑞士BüCH I公司);固相萃取柱包括聚苯乙烯柱(SLA)、硅藻土和硅胶柱(SLH)、SCX柱、C18柱、硅胶…     

基于碳纳米管和离子液体复合物修饰电极的免疫传感器检测莱克多巴胺

建立了一种新的电化学免疫传感器方法, 将多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)和室温离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([BMIM]BF₄)复合物, 和偶联了牛血清蛋白(BSA)的莱克多巴胺抗原, 使用Nafion固定在电极上, 利用莱克多巴胺抗体和抗原之间特定反应的竞争模式, 以K₃Fe(CN)₆为探针, 通过循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法监测免疫反应, 对溶液中莱克多巴胺的浓度进行检测. 线性范围宽(1～1500 ng/mL), 检测限可低至0.3 ng/mL. 同时, 我们对猪饲料实际样品进行测定, 回收率令人满意.     

喷射式电化学发光猝灭法快速测定莱克多巴胺

基于莱克多巴胺对Ru(bpy)2+3/N-丁基二乙醇胺电化学发光体系的强烈猝灭效应,结合喷射式分析技术,建立了一种能够快速、灵敏地用于检测莱克多巴胺残留的新方法。在优化后的实验条件下,体系的相对发光强度与莱克多巴胺的浓度在1.0×10-9~1.0×10-5 g/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限(S/N=3)为5.0×10-10 g/mL。对含1.0×10-8 g/mL莱克多巴胺的发光体系进行11次重复测定,所得相对标准偏差为1.23%。该方法可用于猪尿中莱克多巴胺残留的测定。     

涂丝型PVC膜盐酸莱克多巴胺选择电极的研制与应用

本文报道了以盐酸莱克多巴胺与四苯硼钠形成的缔合物为电活性物的新型聚氯乙烯(PVC)膜盐酸莱克多巴胺涂丝选择电极,电极的线性响应范围为1.0×10-6～1.0×10-2 mol/L,极差电位为46mV/pC,检测下限为7.9×10-7mol/L.该电极响应迅速,重现性好,用此电极以标准曲线法对猪尿样中盐酸莱克多巴胺进行了测定,结果与高效液相色谱法相符.     

Competitive immunochromatographic assay for the detection of the organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos

An immunochromatographic assay (ICA) based on competitive antigen-coated format using colloidal gold as the label was developed for the detection of the organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos. The ICA test strip consisted of a membrane with a detection zone, a sample pad and an absorbent pad. The membrane was separately coated with chlorpyrifos Hapten-OVA conjugate (test line) and anti-mouse IgG (control line). Based on the fact that the competition is between the migrating analyte in the sample and the analyte hapten immobilized on the test strip for the binding sites of the antibody-colloidal gold (Ab-CG) conjugate migrating on the test strip, this study suggests that the relative migration speed between the two migrating substances is a critically important factor for the sensitive detection by competitive ICA. This criterion was utilized for the confirmation of appropriateness of a nitrocellulose (NC) membrane for chlorpyrifos ICA. The detection limit of the ICA for chlorpyrifos standard and chlorpyrifos spiked into agricultural samples were 10 and 50 ng mL(-1), respectively. The assay time for the ICA test was less than 10 min, suitable for rapid on-site testing of chlorpyrifos.     

Rapid mastitis detection assay on porous nitrocellulose membrane slides

We have developed a rapid mastitis detection test based on the immobilization of tag-specific antibody molecules, the binding of double-tagged amplicons, and as a secondary signal a conjugate of black carbon nanoparticles having molecules of a fusion protein of neutrAvidin and alkaline phosphatase at their surface. The antibodies were inkjet printed onto three different nitrocellulose membrane slides, Unisart (Sartorius), FAST (GE Whatman), and Oncyte-Avid (Grace-Biolabs), and the final assay signals on these slides were compared. The blackness of the spots was determined by flatbed scanning and assessment of the pixel gray volume using TotalLab image analysis software. The black spots could be easily read by the naked eye. We successfully demonstrated the detection of specific amplicons from mastitis-causing pathogens in less than 3 h. Using a similar protocol, we also showed that it was possible to detect specific amplicons from four different mastitis-causing pathogens (six strains) on the same pad. The influence of two different printing buffers, phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) and carbonate buffer (pH 9.6), on the functionality of the primary antibodies was also compared.     

五氯酚免疫层析检测试纸条的研究

利用胶体金免疫层析技术建立了一种快速检测五氯酚(PCP)残留的方法。采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备大小一致、分布均匀、粒径为20 nm的胶体金颗粒,以此标记五氯酚抗体,制备金标抗体。将五氯酚包被抗原和羊抗鼠二抗分别结合于硝酸纤维膜上,依次将型号Millipore135硝酸纤维膜、型号VL78金标垫、型号SB06样品垫及吸水纸组装于PVC底板上,组装成胶体金免疫层析检测试纸条。通过试纸条上颜色的深浅,检测样品中PCP的残留量。试纸条检出限为10 ng/mL,检测时间为5 min。该方法检测所需试剂已预先包被在试纸条上,操作简单、重复性好、成本低廉,可用于五氯酚的现场快速检测。     

Dual gold nanoparticle lateflow immunoassay for sensitive detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7

Two patterns of signal amplification lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), which used anti-mouse secondary antibody-linked gold nanoparticle (AuNP) for dual AuNP-LFIA were developed. Escherichia coli O157:H7 was selected as the model analyte. In the signal amplification direct LFIA method, anti-mouse secondary antibody-linked AuNP (anti-mouse-Ab-AuNP) was mixed with sample solution in an ELISA well, after which it was added to LFIA, which already contained anti-E. coli O157:H7 monoclonal antibody-AuNP (anti-E. coli O157:H7-mAb-AuNP) dispersed in the conjugate pad. Polyclonal antibody was the test line, and anti-mouse secondary antibody was the control line in nitrocellulose (NC) membrane. In the signal amplification indirect LFIA method, anti-mouse-Ab-AuNP was mixed with sample solution and anti-E. coli O157:H7-mAb-AuNP complex in ELISA well, creating a dual AuNP complex. This complex was added to LFIA, which had a polyclonal antibody as the test line and secondary antibody as the control line in NC membrane. The detection sensitivity of both LFIAs improved 100-fold and reached 1.14 × 10³ CFU mL⁻¹. The 28 nm and 45 nm AuNPs were demonstrated to be the optimal dual AuNP pairs. Signal amplification LFIA was perfectly applied to the detection of milk samples with E. coli O157:H7 via naked eye observation.     

Development of an ultrasensitive immunochromatography test to detect nicotine metabolites in oral fluids

Passive exposure to tobacco smoke causes a variety of illnesses ranging from allergic responses to cancer. Assessment of exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS), particularly among vulnerable populations enables intervention and prevention of future disease. A minimally invasive oral fluids-based onsite test to detect such exposure would create a valuable tool for researchers and clinicians. Here we describe the development of a test that uses an inexpensive reader that utilizes a CMOS image sensor to reliably quantify a reporter signal and determine nicotine exposure. The rapid lateral flow test consists of a nitrocellulose strip with a control line containing goat anti-rabbit IgG, used as an internal standard, and a test line containing BSA-cotinine conjugate. To run the test, diluted sample containing antibodies against cotinine, the major metabolite of nicotine, is mixed with protein A-gold nanoparticles and placed on the sample pad. As the sample runs up to the nitrocellulose pad, antibodies in the running buffer bind to available cotinine. If cotinine is absent, the antibodies will bind to the BSA-cotinine derivative immobilized on the test line, resulting in an intense purple-red band. The concentration of cotinine equivalents in the sample can be estimated from interpretation of the test line. In this article we describe the effect of different cotinine derivatives, oral fluid pretreatment, and application and running buffers on assay sensitivity. The test can reliably detect as little as 2 ng mL(-1) cotinine equivalents. The assay is sensitive, simple, rapid, inexpensive, and easily implementable in point-of-care facilities to detect second-hand smoke exposure.     

Relocation of active acetylcholinesterase to liposome-gel conjugate

Relocation of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in its enzymatically active form from proteovesicles containing human erythrocyte ghost membrane proteins onto a liposome-gel conjugate was examined. Liposomes of 1,2-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) were immobilized on Sephacryl S-1000 gel that was chemically modified to bear hydrophobic octyl moieties. Upon coincubation of the liposome-gel conjugate with freely suspended proteovesicles prepared from erythrocyte ghosts, 50% of the AChE left the proteovesicles and immobilized onto the liposome-gel conjugate in 18 h. When the proteovesicles were immobilized and interacted with freely suspended plain liposomes, approximately 2% of the AChE appeared in the liposome fraction. The relocation of AChE apparently possesses strong preference for the liposome-gel conjugate, suggesting that the hydrophobic moieties on the gel could assist the relocation.     

Direct immunoblotting from histological sections of brain onto nitrocellulose: evaluation with the protein neurophysin

A method for the isolation and localization of proteins and peptides from histological sections of rat and human brain by immunoblotting is described. For validation, the well-characterized protein neurophysin was electrophoretically transferred from formaldehyde-fixed or fresh tissue sections onto a nitrocellulose membrane. Neurophysin on the nitrocellulose membrane was detected by a specific antibody reaction. The antibody against neurophysin was visualized either by using secondary antibodies, conjugated with peroxidase or by protein A gold, followed by enhancement with silver. With this simple and fast method, neurophysin (or other proteins and peptides) can be identified on nitrocellulose membranes in areas that correspond to anatomically defined regions. Since the procedure combines the advantages of precise regional localization of polypeptides with the specificity of antibody-antigen reactions, the method may prove useful for rapid screening of the distribution of peptides or proteins in (brain) tissue.     

A simplified method of protein electroblotting after isoelectric focusing on an ultrathin polyacrylamide gel layer fixed on a cellophane support.

A method is described for isoelectric focusing of proteins, using an ultrathin-layer polyacrylamide gel on cellophane, followed by electrophoretic transfer of separated proteins onto a nitrocellulose membrane. The polyacrylamide gel is firmly attached to the cellophane and thus protected from mechanical damage; such gels are easily manipulated. Cellophane is permeable to ions and application of this gel support overcomes difficulties resulting from the removal of ultrathin gels from a plastic support on electroblotting. Proteins separated under nondenaturing conditions were transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane and detected by the concanavalin A-peroxidase technique. The proposed approach makes it possible to analyze the variability of nondenatured proteins and glycoproteins of different origin.     

India ink staining after sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and in conjunction with Western blots for peptide mapping by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

We present an approach that allows matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric (MALDI-TOFMS) peptide mapping of proteins separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and electroblotted onto nitrocellulose (NC). After blocking the nitrocellulose membrane with polyvinylpyrrolidone-40 the immobilized proteins are visualized using India Ink staining which allows the detection of low nanogram amounts of protein. The utilization of a low concentration of Tween 20 (0.05%) in the India Ink staining solution does not negatively impair the quality of the mass spectra. Due to the virtual nondestructive nature of the stain proteolytic peptides could be recovered from the NC membrane. Taking into account minor precautions during the sample manipulation and concentration and by loading the sample onto a pre-crystallized matrix layer, high quality mass spectral data were obtained on <100 femtomoles of protein loaded onto the gel. Finally, the use of India Ink in conjunction with Western blot analysis is also demonstrated. A rat plasma protein, characterized by Western blot as a covalently modified protein-drug compound, was subjected to peptide mapping and post source decay (PSD) sequencing of peptides. The zomepirac-modified protein was identified as the alpha-subunit of fibrinogen.     

Determination of Lead(II) by a Nitrocellulose Membrane Fluorescent Biosensor Based on G-Quadruplex Conformational Changes

A simple, label-free fluorescence method was developed for the sensitive determination of lead(II) using a nitrocellulose membrane biosensor. The surface of the nitrocellulose membrane was modified by glutaraldehyde to conjugate streptavidin, followed by the immobilization of a DNA probe via a biotin modifier. The biotinylated DNA probe can fold into a G-quadruplex structure in the presence of potassium ion that selectively binds to N-methyl mesoporphyrin IX and yields a strong fluorescence signal. The presence of lead(II) can induce a conformational change of the G-quadruplex to a more compact structure, which results in the release of potassium ion and N-methyl mesoporphyrin IX with a concomitant reduction of the fluorescence signal. The biosensor displayed a detection limit as low as 10 nM with excellent selectivity for lead(II) over other metal ions. The developed biosensor was employed for the determination of lead(II) in spiked river water.