分层地质类材料靶体抗超高速侵彻模型实验

利用二级轻气炮开展了杆形钢弹在10马赫左右条件下对4种分层地质类材料靶体的超高速侵彻模型实验,重点研究了砂浆层位置和空气隔层对侵彻效应的影响。结果表明增加遮弹层与下部结构间的空气隔层、在整个结构顶部设置疏松砂浆层均可以在一定条件下加剧弹体破坏、减小结构层的侵彻深度,但同时会增加遮弹层的表面成坑效应。从减小结构层的侵彻深度出发,“软-硬-软-硬”的分层设计思路对抵抗超高速弹体侵彻是可行的。     

刚性平头弹正侵彻钢筋混凝土靶的阻力模型

本文基于素混凝土侵彻理论,将钢筋混凝土中钢筋的失效模式简化为弯曲剪切失效后,建立了刚性平头弹侵彻钢筋混凝土靶的阻力模型,侵彻深度的计算结果与Young公式吻合良好,表明本文提出的理论模型可较为合理地预测侵彻深度。进一步分析了不同着靶点的位置对弹体侵彻的影响,结果表明：当弹体直径与钢筋网眼尺寸的比值小于1时,弹体撞击到网眼中心处侵彻深度最大;当弹体直径与网眼尺寸的比值大于1时,最不利着靶点位置视其比值而定。最后,基于防护角度的最不利工况,建立了侵彻深度的工程计算公式。

     

弹体超高速侵彻石灰岩靶体地冲击的数值模拟研究

为探究超高速动能武器的对地破坏效应及其影响因素,采用数值模拟方法对弹体超高速侵彻的地冲击规律进行了研究。首先,基于石灰岩静动态力学性能实验数据对材料模型参数进行了标定,并对已有弹体大范围着速侵彻石灰岩靶体进行了模拟,验证了所采用材料模型和数值模拟方法的合理性。随后,开展了钨合金长杆弹超高速侵彻石灰岩靶体的数值模拟,细致分析了地冲击传播的现象和机理:弹体超高速侵彻靶体时,弹靶交界面处会产生瞬时高压,并以应力波的形式在靶体中传播,对靶体内部造成破坏,且当弹体初速度高于3.0 km/s时,地冲击显著增强。最后,进一步研究了不同弹靶参数对地冲击的影响,发现从相对深度来看,弹体参数（弹体长径比、密度）对地冲击规律影响不大;而靶体特征特别是孔隙率对地冲击传播具有较大影响。     

小攻角条件下动能弹体高速侵彻混凝土靶的弹体弯曲

将高速侵彻混凝土靶板的弹体简化为自由梁,应用弹体侵彻阻力和梁动态弯曲内力分析了由小攻 角产生的横向载荷导致的弹体弯曲。结果表明,弹体理论弯曲条件受弹体着靶前状态、弹体结构和材料控制。 理论计算证实弹体高速侵彻混凝土靶板时由于小攻角的存在会发生弹体弯曲变形,弹体侵彻实验结果表明 弹体弯曲位置和弯曲条件与理论分析结果相符。     

尖头弹丸撞击下金属靶板弹道极限的两种工程模型

研究了圆锥形头和卵形头刚性弹垂直撞击塑性金属靶板扩孔冲塞型和延性扩孔型穿孔模式,考虑靶板背面自由边界的影响,提出两种两阶段工程分析模型,得到最小穿透能量的解析解。由球形空腔膨胀理论和两阶段总耗能最小确定第一阶段的侵彻深度,由功能原理和圆柱形空腔膨胀理论计算第一阶段侵彻扩孔耗能,延性扩孔型第二阶段耗能近似按Taylor扩孔理论计算,扩孔冲塞型第二阶段耗能考虑了加速塞块和剪断塞块所损耗的能量。与铝合金和装甲钢靶板弹道试验数据比较表明,本文两阶段模型的计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

考虑刚性弹弹头形状的混凝土(岩石)靶体侵彻深度半理论分析

基于动力球型空腔膨胀理论和冲击成坑+钻孔区两阶段侵彻模型,以截卵形弹头弹体为例,运 用曲面积分,引入表征弹头形状和弹靶摩擦效应的量纲一系数、质量比和冲击因子,提出了综合考虑弹头形状 变化、成坑区深度、弹靶摩擦阻力的混凝土和岩石靶体的刚性弹垂直侵彻深度的计算公式。该公式在相关参 数取特殊值时,可退化为经典的侵彻深度计算公式。通过与8组不同弹头形状弹体冲击混凝土和岩石靶体的 侵彻实验数据、已有10个(半)经验公式计算结果对比,验证了本文公式的适用性。并结合实验和参数影响分 析,给出了混凝土和岩石靶体的弹靶摩擦系数和与冲击因子相关的不同弹头形状弹体成坑系数的建议值。     

质疑``复杂应力条件下脆性材料的受拉破坏准则'

对``复杂应力条件下脆性材料的受拉破坏准则'一文中所应用公式的2个例子提出讨论.     

复杂应力条件下脆性材料的受拉破坏准则

根据脆性材料微粒对之间距离超过特定距离而破坏的微观机理,结合宏细观试验结果指出的绝大多数的破坏颗粒对的方向与σ1的方向之间的夹角都大于0°这一事实,导出了新的脆性材料张破坏准则: σ1 ασ2 βσ3≤[σ],式中系数β与材料的优势角θ(破坏颗粒对的方向与σ1的方向之间的夹角的某种平均) 和泊松比μ有关．同时还指出了经典强度理论由于没有考虑优势角从而导致了它们与宏观实验结果不符．实验结果表明,在张破坏条件下此准则比经典的准则有更高的精度．     

单轴压缩下页岩类脆性材料细观损伤演化的离散元分析

了解广泛存在的类似页岩的脆性材料各向异性对工程安全具有重要意义。本研究将页岩视为粘结颗粒材料,基于离散单元方法研究了横观各向同性脆性页岩的损伤演化。再现了不同层理角的页岩试样的破坏模式,并对比了实验和数值模拟的抗压强度和弹性模量。引入微裂纹的概念,通过定义裂纹密度函数,系统地研究了单轴压缩条件下,页岩层理角对细观结构的影响。此外基于平均配位数建立了配位数变化与细观损伤的联系,并根据配位数的变化与裂纹数量将加载过程分为三个阶段,分析了不同阶段配位数与裂纹数量的对应变化关系。研究表明,页岩的裂纹密度随着层理角的增加而增加,而试样的平均配位数在加载过程中先上升后剧烈下降,颗粒集合体在单轴压缩条件下的应力应变及裂纹数量曲线与平均配位数曲线有良好的一致性。该研究揭示了横观各向同性脆性岩石的破坏过程和内在机理,将为页岩类脆性材料的工程应用提供理论指导。     

钨球对高硬度钢斜侵彻效应

为研究高硬度钢板抗不同着角钨球的侵彻性能及破坏模式,通过弹道枪进行了?8 mm、?11 mm钨合金球形破片以0°、20°、40°着角撞击厚度为6 mm、8 mm的高硬度钢板试验,得到了极限贯穿速度v₅₀;分析了钨球轴向径向变形及靶板失效模式与撞击速度的关系,发现高硬度钢板失效模式主要为压缩开坑破坏和沿厚度方向剪切破坏。采用有限元方法对试验进行了模拟,验证了数值模型及参数的合理性,并运用数值模拟方法研究了撞击着角对靶板吸能模式影响,结合试验数据,修正已有极限贯穿速度计算公式。结果表明:随侵彻着角增大,极限贯穿速度提高,且着角越大,极限贯穿速度增长越快;随着角增大,靶板吸能模式逐渐由压缩开坑向剪切冲塞过渡,且着角大于50°时,剪切冲塞耗能将超过压缩开坑耗能;修正后极限贯穿速度计算公式适用范围更广、精度更高,具有较好工程应用价值。     

A criterion for the onset of growth of two shear cracks in an elastic body under plane-strain conditions

The Wiener-Hopf method is used to find a solution to a symmetric problem that gives a criterion for the onset of growth of long shear cracks emanating from a corner point on the boundary of a hole and filled with a plastic material __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 83–90, April 2006.     

刚性弹丸撞击下混凝土板侵彻极限深度与痂斑极限厚度经验公式的验算

为了估算混凝土板在外来飞射体撞击下的侵彻极限深度与痂斑极限厚度,总结了以往试验与理论研究成果,评价了几种有代表性的经验公式,对4种具有不同特征参数的导弹撞击混凝土板时的侵彻极限深度与痂斑极限厚度进行了对比。结果表明,现有的经验公式估算侵彻极限深度的差异不大,而估算痂斑极限厚度有时差异较大。     

Dynamic stress intensity factors of two 3D rectangular cracks in a transversely isotropic elastic material under a time-harmonic elastic P-wave

The dynamic stress intensity factors (DSIFs) of two 3D rectangular cracks in a transversely isotropic elastic material under an incident harmonic stress wave are investigated by generalized Almansi’s theorem and the Schmidt method in the present paper. Using 2D Fourier transform and defining the jumps of displacement components across the crack surface as the unknown functions, three pairs of dual integral equations are derived. To solve the dual integral equations, the jumps of the displacement components across the crack surfaces are expanded in a series of Jacobi polynomials. Numerical examples are provided to show the effects of the geometric shape of the rectangular crack, the characteristics of the harmonic wave and the distance between two rectangular cracks on the DSIFs of the transversely isotropic elastic material.     

动静荷载对邻近巷道裂纹缺陷扰动的模拟实验

为了探究动静组合应力场作用下邻近巷道背爆侧裂纹缺陷的扩展规律,采用动静加载透射式动态焦散线方法进行了模拟实验,并结合裂纹尖端的动态应力强度因子和能量释放率进行了分析。实验结果表明:在动静荷载作用下,邻近巷道背爆侧裂纹缺陷处也成为巷道主要扰动区,且爆炸荷载对背爆侧预制裂纹的起裂起主导作用;p=0.2 MPa时的相同动静组合应力场中,背爆侧预制裂纹的扩展位移差异与裂纹的倾角有关,当θ=75°时,爆炸应力波无法驱动裂纹起裂;在相同爆炸荷载作用下,θ=30°时,较小竖向荷载对裂纹的扩展具有抑制作用,且抑制作用随所施加的竖向荷载增加而增大,当p=0.4 MPa时,裂纹无法起裂;裂纹最终扩展位移,与裂纹尖端动态应力强度因子在极大值上下振荡变化的持续时间,或在裂纹扩展阶段能量释放率积累量,呈正相关。     

Nonlinear analysis on dynamic buckling of eccentrically stiffened functionally graded material toroidal shell segment surrounded by elastic foundations in thermal environment and under time-dependent torsional loads

The nonlinear analysis with an analytical approach on dynamic torsional buckling of stiffened functionally graded thin toroidal shell segments is investigated. The shell is reinforced by inside stiffeners and surrounded by elastic foundations in a thermal environment and under a time-dependent torsional load. The governing equations are derived based on the Donnell shell theory with the von K′arm′an geometrical nonlinearity,the Stein and McE lman assumption, the smeared stiffeners technique, and the Galerkin method. A deflection function with three terms is chosen. The thermal parameters of the uniform temperature rise and nonlinear temperature conduction law are found in an explicit form. A closed-form expression for determining the static critical torsional load is obtained. A critical dynamic torsional load is found by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method and the Budiansky-Roth criterion. The effects of stiffeners, foundations, material,and dimensional parameters on dynamic responses of shells are considered.     

Comparative study of two lattice Boltzmann multiphase models for simulating wetting phenomena: implementing static contact angles based on the geometric formulation

Wetting phenomena are widespread in nature and industrial applications. In general, systems concerning wetting phenomena are typical multicomponent/multiphase complex fluid systems. Simulating the behavior of such systems is important to both scientific research and practical applications. It is challenging due to the complexity of the phenomena and difficulties in choosing an appropriate numerical method. To provide some detailed guidelines for selecting a suitable multiphase lattice Boltzmann model, two kinds of lattice Boltzmann multiphase models, the modified S-C model and the H-C-Z model, are used in this paper to investigate the static contact angle on solid surfaces with different wettability combined with the geometric formulation (Ding, H. and Spelt, P. D. M. Wetting condition in diffuse interface simulations of contact line motion. Physical Review E, 75(4), 046708 (2007)). The specific characteristics and computational performance of these two lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) multiphase models are analyzed including relationship between surface tension and the control parameters, the achievable range of the static contact angle, the maximum magnitude of the spurious currents (MMSC), and most importantly, the convergence rate of the two models on simulating the static contact angle. The results show that a wide range of static contact angles from wetting to non-wetting can be realized for both models. MMSC mainly depends on the surface tension. With the numerical parameters used in this work, the maximum magnitudes of the spurious currents of the two models are on the same order of magnitude. MMSC of the S-C model is universally larger than that of the H-C-Z model. The convergence rate of the S-C model is much faster than that of the H-C-Z model. The major foci in this work are the frequently-omitted important details in simulating wetting phenomena. Thus, the major findings in this work can provide suggestions for simulating wetting phenomena with LBM multiphase models along with the geometric formulation.