共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
2.
根据小型霍普金森杆(Mini-SHB)对发射效率高、体积小、噪声污染小的要求及动态性能测试对高应变率的要求,本文对磁阻式小型霍普金森杆电磁发射系统进行了优化。利用电磁发射原理、电磁仿真计算和控制变量方法,对影响子弹发射速度的五个因素:电容组电容量、电路初始电压、电磁线圈匝数、线圈用漆包线直径、子弹初始位置分别进行了仿真优化。根据仿真得到的各个最优参数研制的电磁发射系统获得了单级16.16m/s、二级21m/s的最高子弹出口速度,达到了微小型试件动态性能测试对高应变率的要求。 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
分离式霍普金森杆(Split Hopkinson Bar)是测试材料在高应变率加载下力学行为的一种有效的实验手段.本文基于霍普金森杆测试原理,设计和研制了气枪式变截面间接杆杆型高应变率拉伸实验装置.该装置具有完备的、高精度的水平和轴向基准,采用等高的固定支撑,保证了杆-杆型实验系统具有良好的共轴度;入射杆与撞击套筒之间设有导向管,避免了撞击套筒直接与入射杆接触而产生的相互干扰;在导向管内设有支撑圈,以减小入射杆与导向管直接接触而产生的摩擦,并消除入射杆的径向跳动;采用前置金属短杆来获得光滑、平稳且幅值和宽度可调的拉伸入射加载脉冲.对LY12CZ铝合金在两种应变率下初步的验证性实验表明,该高应变率拉伸实验装置的设计是合理的,实验获得的应力—应变结果是可靠、有效的. 相似文献
6.
本文中提出单轴双向加载分离式霍普金森压杆(bidirectional-load split Hopkinson compression bar,BSHCB),即在传统的分离式霍普金森压杆(split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB)的基础上增加另一个对称的入射波,两边的入射波同时且对称地对试样进行动态加载。根据一维应力波传播理论,推导出单轴双向加载分离式霍普金森杆的数据处理公式。通过数值模拟分析发现,所推导的数据处理公式可以用于计算单轴双向加载实验中试样的工程应力、工程应变和工程应变率。此外,单轴双向对称加载不仅可缩短试样内部应力均匀化的过程,而且可以提高试样应变率。 相似文献
7.
8.
一种用于材料高应变率剪切性能测试的新型加载技术 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
高应变率下的冲击剪切实验技术是材料动态力学行为及其微观机理研究的重要基础.采用分离式霍普金森压杆(split Hopkinson pressure bar)装置一般可以获得材料在104s-1以内应变率的动态力学性能.在超过104s-1的应变率下对材料进行冲击剪切测试时,通常需要采用高速压剪飞片技术或由气炮发射子弹对试样进行直接加载.本文提出一种可用于传统霍普金森压杆技术的新型双剪切试样,可以在103~105s-1剪应变率范围实现对材料剪切性能的精确测量;同时,可以对材料的变形及失效过程进行直接观测.试样与压杆之间避免了复杂的界面或连接装置,通过转接头可以保证试样与压杆直接接触,提高测试精度,同时可以防止因试样的横向位移而导致的非均匀变形.获得了紫铜在1400~75000s-1应变率下的剪应力-剪应变曲线,并采用计算软件"ABAQUS/Explicit"对双剪切试样的动态加载过程进行了数值模拟和结果验证.分析表明,剪切区的主要区域内剪切成分占主导地位,其应力应变场沿厚度及宽度方向基本呈均匀分布.实验得到的剪应力-剪应变曲线与模拟结果吻合较好,说明所提出的基于分离式霍普金森压杆系统的双剪切试样可以为材料的高应变率力学性能测试提供一种方便有效的加载技术. 相似文献
9.
为提高分离式Hopkinson压杆装置的测试效率与精度,通过对电磁驱动技术的分析,设计并进行了电磁线圈驱动导体杆的原理性实验。以微型分离式Hopkinson压杆装置为基础,将电磁线圈驱动原理用于撞击杆的驱动。通过单级线圈驱动不同长度撞击杆,获得储能电量与不同长度撞击杆的速度为线性关系。结合对镁合金材料的动态应力应变关系测试结果,证明此系统速度容易控制、重复性好、可靠性高和实用性强、电磁干扰并不影响信号采集。借助此原理,通过提高储能电量或采用多级同轴线圈驱动方法,可以实现各种规格的Hopkinson压杆装置中撞击杆的有效驱动,使Hopkinson杆测试装置简化。 相似文献
10.
一种用于软材料测试的改进SHPB装置 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
本文提出了一种新的、用于测试橡胶、高弹体及高聚物软泡沫材料动态力学性能的SHPB改进装置。该装置取消了常见的入射杆而采用长杆弹直接撞击试件从而实现了持续的长时间加载,使得在相当大的应变率范围内试件的最大应变在一个加载过程中即可达到。配合该装置采用了瞬态响应优良、分辨率良好的光电式位移测试系统来测量试件的变形;为记录微弱的应变信号,在透射杆中使用了半导体应变片。本方案克服了传统SHPB在测试软材料时由于子弹长度限制带来的加载幅度不足及由于阻抗失配导致的应变信号微弱的困难;与采用高聚物杆的SHPB改进方案相比,本方案的测试结果也更为可靠。在试验装置中还运用了加载整形技术以改善试件中的应力均匀性。从测试结果看,该装置能有效地实现大变形范围、近似恒应变率持续加载以及相应的微弱应变信号的测量。 相似文献
11.
A split Hopkinson pressure bar technique to determine compressive stress-strain data for rock materials 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
This paper presents a split Hopkinson pressure bar technique to obtain compressive stress-strain data for rock materials.
This technique modifies the conventional split Hopkinson bar apparatus by placing a thin copper disk on the impact surface
of the incident bar. When the striker bar impacts the copper disk, a nondispersive ramp pulse propagates in the incident bar
and produces a nearly constant strain rate in a rock sample. Data from experiments with limestone show that the samples are
in dynamic stress equilibrium and have constant strain rates over most of the test durations. In addition, the ramp pulse
durations can be controlled such that samples are unloaded just prior to failure. Thus, intact samples that experience strains
beyond the elastic region and postpeak stresses can be retrieved for microstructural evaluations. The paper also presents
analytical models that predict the time durations for sample equilibrium and constant strain rate. Model predictions are in
good agreement with measurements. 相似文献
12.
13.
A dynamic experimental technique that is three orders of magnitude as sensitive in stress measurement as a conventional split
Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) has been developed. Experimental results show that this new method is effective and reliable
for determining the dynamic compressive stress-strain responses of materials with low mechanical impedance and low compressive
strengths, such as elastomeric materials and foams at high strain rates. The technique is based on a conventional SHPB. Instead
of a surface strain gage mounted on the transmission bar, a piezoelectric force transducer was embedded in the middle of the
transmission bar of a high-strength aluminum alloy to directly measure the weakly transmitted force profile from a soft specimen.
In addition, a pulse-shape technique was used for increasing the rise time of the incident pulse to ensure stress equilibrium
and homogeneous deformation in the low-impedance and low-strength specimen. 相似文献
14.
Polymeric split Hopkinson pressure bars are often used to test low-impedance materials at elevated strain rates. However,
they tend to be viscoelastic, and a viscoelastic wave propagation model is required to analyze the data. This considerably
complicates the analysis over the more common linear elastic split Hopkinson bar. In this research, a polymeric split Hopkinson
bar is instrumented with electromagnetic velocity gages. The gages are placed at the interfaces between the bars and the specimen.
By using this arrangement, viscoelastic effects in the bars are negligible and the need for a viscoelastic correction is eliminated.
The method is applied by testing low-density foams. 相似文献
15.
A novel dynamic compressive experimental technique has been developed based on a split Hopkinson pressure bar. This new method
dynamically loads the ceramic specimen by two consecutive stress pulses. The first pulse determines the dynamic response of
the intact ceramic materiaal and then crushes the specimen, and the second pulse determines the dynamic compressive constitutive
behavior of the ceramic rubble. Precise pulse shaping ensures that the specimen deforms at nearly constant strain rates under
dynamic stress equilibrium during the loading by both stress pulses. Pulse shaping also controls the amplitudes of loading
pulses, the values of strain rates, the maximum strains in the rubble specimens, and the proper separation time between the
two loading pulses. The feasibility of the new technique is demonstrated by the experimental results obtained on an AD995
alumina. 相似文献
16.
确定材料在高温高应变率下动态性能的Hopkinson杆系统 总被引:11,自引:4,他引:11
描述了一种利用Hopkinson杆装置确定在高温(温度可高达1 173 K)、高应变率下材料动态性能的试验方法。在试样加温过程中,试样不与入射杆及透射杆接触。当试样加热到预定温度时,气压驱动同步组装系统,推动透射杆及试样,使得应力波到达入射杆与试样接触面时,入射杆、试样及透射杆紧密接触。利用以上系统,完成了连铸单晶铜及上引法连铸多晶铜从室温到1 085 K范围内的应力应变曲线。测试结果表明,不论是上引法连铸多晶铜还是连铸单晶铜,流动应力随温度的升高而下降,在温度低于585 K时,材料的应变硬化率明显大于在温度高于585 K时的应变硬化率。 相似文献
17.
A novel approach is proposed in determining dynamic fracture toughness(DFT) of high strength steel,using the split Hopkinson tension bar(SHTB) apparatus,combined with a hybrid experimental-numerical method.The center-cracked tension specimen is connected between the bars with a specially designed fixture device.The fracture initiation time is measured by the strain gage method,and dynamic stress intensity factors(DSIF) are obtained with the aid of 3D finite element analysis(FEA).In this approach,the dimensions of the specimen are not restricted by the connection strength or the stress-state equilibrium conditions,and hence plane strain state can be attained conveniently at the crack tip.Through comparison between the obtained results and those in open publication,it is concluded that the experimental data are valid,and the method proposed here is reliable.The validity of the obtained DFT is checked with the ASTM criteria,and fracture surfaces are examined at the end of paper. 相似文献
18.
19.
利用传统分离式霍普金森压杆(split Hopkinson pressure bar, SHPB)实验技术来实现试件在较低应变率下的大变形时,需要使用超长的压杆系统,杆件的加工和实验空间限制了该技术的推广应用。鉴于此,提出一种直撞式霍普金森压杆二次加载实验技术,利用透射杆中的应力波在其末端的准刚性壁反射实现对试件的二次加载,并分析了准刚性质量块尺寸对二次加载的影响规律;采用二点波分离方法对叠加的应力波进行了有效分离和计算,在总长4 m的压杆系统中实现了1.2 ms的长历时加载,并可以准确获得试件的加载应变率曲线和应力应变关系。建立了直撞式霍普金森压杆二次加载有限元模型,数值仿真结果表明,该实验技术能有效地实现试件的二次加载,与超长SHPB系统获得的仿真结果相比较,两者的试件应力应变关系完全一致。利用该技术对1100铝合金材料进行动态压缩实验,实现了其在102 s−1量级应变率下的大变形动态力学性能测试。
相似文献