尿样中神经性毒剂代谢产物的HPLC/Q-TOFMS/MS检测方法研究

建立了尿样中甲基膦酸单乙酯(EMPA)、甲基膦酸单异丙酯(IMPA)、甲基膦酸频哪基酯(PMPA)3种神经性毒剂代谢产物的HPLC/Q-TOFMS/MS检测方法。以StrataSi-1型固相萃取小柱对尿样中的3种神经性毒剂代谢产物进行分离,HPLC/Q-TOFESIMS/MS进行测定,内标法定量。该方法对EMPA、IMPA、PMPA的线性范围均为5～320μg/L,相关系数均不低于0.9974;EMPA、IMPA、PMPA的加标回收率分别为57%、98%、81%;检出限(S/N≥3)均为0.1μg/L,定量下限(S/N≥10)均为1μg/L。并将该方法应用于禁化武组织(OPCW)首次生物医学样品分析演练未知尿样的检测,结果满意。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定尿样中11种苯二氮卓类药物及其代谢产物

建立了同时检测尿样中11种苯二氮卓类药物及其代谢产物的液相色谱-串联质谱方法。尿样在pH 6.86磷酸盐缓冲液中经葡萄糖醛酸苷酶酶解后,在碱性条件下,用乙酸乙酯提取,以10 mmol/L的甲酸铵(pH 3.5)和乙腈为流动相,采用Agilent Zorbax SB C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,3.5μm)色谱柱进行梯度分离,电喷雾离子源,正离子多反应监测扫描方式进行分析检测。结果表明:11种苯二氮卓类药物及其代谢产物在尿样中的检测限均不高于0.5 ng/mL,在1.0~100.0 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.9990。在低(1.0 ng/mL)、中(10.0 ng/mL)、高(100.0 ng/mL)3个浓度的提取回收率均在89.0%以上,相对标准偏差均不高于15%。方法适用于尿样中11种该类药物的定性定量测定。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法定量分析尿液中色氨酸及其代谢产物

基于超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)建立定量分析色氨酸(Trp)及代谢产物3-OH-犬尿氨酸(3-OH-Kyn)、3-OH-邻氨基苯甲酸(3-OH-AA)、黄尿酸(XA)、犬尿氨酸(Kyn)、5-羟基吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)、犬尿喹啉酸(KA)和5-羟色胺(5-HT)的方法,应用该方法分析其在尿样中的含量,探讨排泄规律。将尿样稀释、离心后,加入丹磺酰氯(DNS-Cl)衍生,经Thermo C₁₈色谱柱(50 mm×3 mm, 2.7 μm)分离和0.1%甲酸和甲醇梯度洗脱后,采用电喷雾电离(ESI)源,在正离子扫描和多反应监测(MRM)模式下检测。以咖啡酸(CA)为内标,定量分析。结果显示,8种目标化合物的线性关系良好,相关系数(R ²)≥0.9740,检测灵敏(LOD为0.005~0.5 ng/mL),回收率高(93.24%~107.65%)。采用本方法检测分析了健康志愿者70个尿液样本,在尿样中检测到Trp原型及其7种代谢产物。结果表明,体内的Trp是通过原型和代谢两种方式排泄:Trp原型的含量为5.22~20.88 μg/mL;尿液中经代谢后排泄的Trp量是原型的124%~268%,即体内的Trp主要经代谢后排出体外。方法主要研究了Trp-5-HT和Trp-Kyn两条途径的代谢产物含量,Trp经Kyn降解生成的3-OH-AA和3-OH-Kyn含量较多,即Trp-Kyn是体内Trp的主要代谢途径。方法通过UPLC-MS/MS实现了尿液中Trp及其代谢产物含量的检测,能为临床检查提供技术和理论支持。     

人尿中诺龙和炔诺酮代谢物的气相色谱-质谱分析

本文对合成的19-去甲雄烷醇酮的四个差向异构体混合物进行气相色谱分离,对诺龙和炔诺酮用药后,留取的人尿样通过化学预处理,MSTFA/TMSI衍生化反应,GC/MS分析,确证了尿样中诺龙的两个主要代谢产物为19-去甲雄酮和19-去甲原胆烷醇酮,炔诺酮的两个主要代谢物是四氢炔诺酮(THINE)的两个形式,可能是3α-OH-5α-THINE和3α-OH-5β-THINE,在炔诺酮代谢前期,还发现有诺龙的上述两个代谢物存在。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定牛肉中青霉素类药物及其代谢产物

建立了同时检测牛肉中2种青霉素(阿莫西林和青霉素G)及其5种主要代谢产物的超高效液相色谱一串联质谱分析方法.牛肉样品加人青霉素V为内标,经乙腈提取后,在UPLC HSS T3色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm)上分离,以乙腈和添加0.15%甲酸与5 mmol/L乙酸铵的水溶液(pH 2.8)作为流动相,采...     

超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆复合线性离子阱质谱法同时识别和测定尿液中毒死蜱代谢物

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆复合线性离子阱质谱(Ultra performance liquid chromatographytriple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry,UPLC-QTRAP)技术结合QuEChERS(Quiek,Easy,Cheap,Effective,Rugged,and Safe)法检测尿样中毒死蜱代谢产物残留的分析方法。采用乙腈提取,PSA和BCB净化,ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱分离,以乙腈-0.2%氨水为流动相梯度洗脱,在电喷雾电离(ESI负离子模式下),使用触发增强子离子扫描方式(MRM-IDA-EPI)对尿样中毒死蜱的代谢产物进行定性和定量分析。方法线性范围为1.0~100.0μg/L,检出限0.10~0.73μg/L。尿样中3种毒死蜱代谢物的平均加标回收率在80.3%~90.1%之间,RSD均小于5%。本方法操作简单、灵敏度高、准确性好、重现性强,利用QTRAP的质谱优势可有效的对色谱峰进行鉴定,有效预防样品的假阳性。本方法已成功应用于人体尿液实际样品中,检出的浓度范围为ND~54.6μg/L。本方法可为复杂基质中化学品的识别和定量提供技术参考。     

尿中硫撑双乙酸的气相色谱火焰光度法定量分析

硫撑双乙酸Thiodiglycollic acid(以下简称TdGA)是正常人体代谢产物,也是氯烯烃在机体内的主要最终产物之一。它亲水性强,从水溶液中萃取较困难,在担体上的吸附力亦很强。Muller曾用气相色谱氢焰检测器对其进行测试并用质谱仪分析鉴定之。从得到的尿样分析色谱图看(图1),低含量样品的特征峰较难辨认,氢焰的溶剂峰及尿中杂峰几乎将其淹没。为此,我们选用火焰光度检测器进行复杂生物试样分析,以建立预处理简便、选择性高、特征峰清晰和灵敏度能满足正常含量检测的方法。     

基于液相色谱-质谱联用技术的代谢组学方法研究薄荷烟对大鼠代谢的影响

将基于液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)技术的代谢组学分析平台用于薄荷烟对大鼠代谢影响的研究。分析了3组大鼠的尿样,包括对照大鼠、吸食普通烟大鼠和吸食薄荷烟大鼠,并采用主成分分析(PCA)方法对数据进行模式识别。PCA得分图表明吸食薄荷烟大鼠与对照组大鼠尿样的代谢差异要小于吸食普通烟大鼠。从PCA载荷图中找到并鉴定了犬尿喹啉酸等8种重要代谢物。通过考察代谢物在对照大鼠、吸食薄荷烟大鼠和吸食普通烟大鼠尿样中的相对含量变化,进一步说明了烟草中添加薄荷醇可减少烟草对大鼠代谢的影响。     

气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱检测尿样中神经性毒剂代谢产物烷基膦酸类化合物

建立了气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱检测尿样中有机磷毒剂代谢产物烷基膦酸类化合物含量的方法。选用DB-17MS色谱柱(30 m×0. 25 mm×0. 25μm),化学离子源,在负离子模式下,选择反应监测模式扫描,对暴露于有机磷毒剂下的人尿样中的烷基膦酸类化合物含量进行测定。在优化条件下,5种烷基膦酸类化合物可在30 min内完成同时测定,检测方法的线性关系良好,检出限为0. 1μg/L,定量下限为0. 5μg/L,加标回收率为97. 3%~98. 9%,重复性RSD为5. 3%~10%,日内相对标准偏差(RSD)为2. 4%~4. 3%,日间RSD为2. 5%~4. 5%。该法准确、灵敏度高、专属性强、重复性好,适用于染毒尿样中烷基膦酸类化合物的含量测定,可为有机磷毒剂人体内代谢产物烷基膦酸类化合物提供有效的检测手段。     

β-阻断剂及其代谢产物的分析研究Ⅰ．用氮磷检测器和质量选择型检测器分析心得安、心得平、心得舒

本文对尿样中的心得安、心得平、心得舒的母体药物及其代谢产物的检测进行了分析研究,建立了快速检出β-阻断剂及其代谢产物的分析方法。实际工作证明,本法是完全可靠的。     

Determination of ephedrine alkaloids in human urine and plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry: collaborative study

A collaborative study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy and precision of a method for ephedrine-type alkaloids (i.e., norephedrine, norpseudoephedrine, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, methylephedrine, and methylpseudoephedrine) in human urine and plasma. The amount of ephedrine-type alkaloids present was determined using liquid chromatography (LC) with tandem mass selective detection. The test samples were diluted to reflect a concentration of 5.00-100 ng/mL for each alkaloid. An internal standard was added and the alkaloids were separated using a 5 microm phenyl LC column with an ammonium acetate, glacial acetic acid, acetonitrile, and water mobile phase. Eight blind duplicates of human urine and eight blind duplicates of human plasma were analyzed by 10 collaborators. In addition to negative controls, test portions of urine and plasma were fortified at 3 different levels with each of the 6 ephedrine-type alkaloids at approximately 1, 2, and 5 microg/mL for urine and 100, 200, and 500 ng/mL for plasma. On the basis of the accuracy and precision results for this collaborative study, it is recommended that this method be adopted Official First Action for the determination of 6 different ephedrine-type alkaloids in human urine and plasma.     

A Simple Isocratic HPLC Method for the Determination of Metoclopramide in Plasma and Urine

Abstract

Metoclopramide concentrations in plasma and urine were determined by high performance liquid chromatography using a cyanopropylsilane column and UV detection. The mobile phase consisted of 0.03M sodium acetate (pH 7.4) and acetonitrile. The plasma samples were extracted with dichloromethane after pH adjustment. Urine proteins were precipitated with acetonitrile. The reproducibility and precision of the methods were demonstrated by the analysis of samples containing 5 – 200 ng/ml plasma and 0.25 – 200 ug/ml urine.

The glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of metoclopramide were also quantitated after differential acid hydrolysis of urine samples. The conditions for acid hydrolysis were studied. The methods have been applied to the analysis of plasma and urine samples obtained from human volunteers.     

Use of molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction for the selective clean-up of clenbuterol from calf urine

A feasibility study was performed in order to study the possibilities in using molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as sorbent material in solid-phase extraction (MISPE) for clean-up of clenbuterol from urine. A binding study of clenbuterol in several solvents was performed on a clenbuterol imprinted polymer as well as on a blank polymer. These binding experiments were used to find suitable loading, washing and elution solvents for the MISPE procedure. Extraction of clenbuterol from calf urine was performed by directly loading a 10-ml urine sample onto the MIP column. Thereafter the column was washed with 10 ml of acetonitrile containing 1% acetic acid, and finally clenbuterol was eluted with 6 ml of methanol containing 10% acetic acid. A recovery of 65% was obtained. This recovery could be increased up to 75% if a sample volume of 1 ml was used or up to 100% if urine was freeze-dried and the residue was dissolved in acetonitrile and spiked with clenbuterol prior to analysis. Chromatograms of the wash and eluate solutions show an efficient clean-up, which supports the potential of MISPE for clean-up of trace amounts of clenbuterol from calf urine.     

Analysis of thiocyanate in biological fluids by capillary zone electrophoresis

A new sensitive and simple method has been developed for the determination of thiocyanate in human serum, urine and saliva. The determinations were performed in a fused-silica capillary [64.5 cm (56 cm effective length) x 75 microm] using 0.1 M beta-alanine-HCl (pH 3.50) as a background electrolyte, separation voltage 18 kV (negative polarity), temperature of capillary 25 degrees C and direct detection at 200 nm. Serum samples were 10-times diluted with deionised water and deproteinised with acetonitrile in the ratio 1:2. Urine and saliva samples need only 20-fold dilution with deionised water. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of thiocyanate in various human serum, saliva and urine samples.     

High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of 3-hydroxykynurenine with fluorimetric detection; comparison of preovulatory phase and postovulatory phase urinary excretion.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for 3-hydroxykynurenine in human urine is described. A fluorescent derivative of 3-hydroxykynurenine was prepared, based on the reaction of the compound with p-toluenesulphonyl chloride in a basic medium. The analytical method for the measurement of the fluorescent compound employed a Tosoh ODS 80 column eluted with 10 mM potassium dihydrogenphosphate (pH 4.5) and acetonitrile (3:2, v/v) and detection at an excitation wavelength of 375 nm (10 nm bandpass) and an emission wavelength of 455 nm (10 nm bandpass). The column temperature was maintained at 25 degrees C. The detection limit was 3 pmol (673 pg) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 5:1. The fluorescent derivative of 3-hydroxykynurenine was eluted at ca. 12.5 min. The technique was applied to the analysis of human urine. The total analysis time was ca. 15 min.     

Determination of free and total phenylacetic and p- and m-hydroxyphenylacetic acids in human urine by liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection

A highly sensitive and rapid liquid chromatographic method for the determination of free and total phenylacetic and p- and m-hydroxyphenylacetic acids in human urine is described. After extraction of urine with diethyl ether, these acids and phenylpropionic acid (internal standard) are converted into the corresponding fluorescent derivatives by treatment with 3-bromomethyl-6,7-dimethoxy-1-methyl-2(1H)-quinoxalinone in the presence of potassium hydrogen carbonate and 18-crown-6 in acetonitrile. The derivatives are separated on a reversed-phase column (Radial-Pak cartridge C18) with aqueous 65% (v/v) methanol and detected fluorimetrically. The detection limits for phenylacetic and p- and m-hydroxyphenylacetic acids are 5, 30 and 100 fmol, respectively, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 5 in a 20-microliter injection volume. This sensitivity permits precise determination of the free and total acids in 20 microliter of normal human urine.     

High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of loxoprofen and its diastereomeric alcohol metabolites in biological fluids by fluorescence labelling with 4-bromomethyl-6,7-methylenedioxycoumarin

A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure to determine loxoprofen and its diastereomeric alcohol metabolites in biological specimens is described. The analysis involves liquid-liquid extraction with benzene, pre-column derivatization with a highly fluorogenic reagent, 4-bromomethyl-6,7-methylenedioxycoumarin (BrMDC) and subsequent separation on a reversed-phase column. Loxoprofen, its pharmacologically active metabolite, trans-alcohol, and less active cis-alcohol were completely separated within 20 min with a mobile phase of 55% of aqueous acetonitrile containing acetic acid. Any endogenous substances do not interfere in the analysis of either plasma or urine samples. The quantitation limit was 0.01 micrograms/ml for human plasma and 0.05 micrograms/ml for urine. The method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study in healthy human subjects who had received 60 mg of loxoprofen sodium.     

Simultaneous Determination of 6β-Hydroxycortisol and 6β-Hydroxycortisone in Human Urine by LC with UV Absorbance Detection

A liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of 6β-hydroxycortisol and 6β-hydroxycortisone using dexamethasone as internal standard in human urine is described. Separation was achieved on a reversed-phase C18 column by a gradient elution of acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% formic acid. 6β-Hydroxycortisol and 6β-hydroxycortisone were monitored by UV absorption at 244 nm. The lower limits of quantitation were 5 ng mL^?1 for both analytes. The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations were less than 7.4%. Accuracy determined at three concentrations ranged between 92.16 and 109.77%. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of this method were demonstrated to be satisfactory for measuring both metabolites in human urine.     

High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of isoxicam in human plasma and urine

A sensitive, selective, and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure was developed for the determination of isoxicam in human plasma and urine. Acidified plasma or urine were extracted with toluene. Portions of the organic extract were evaporated to dryness, the residue dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (plasma) or acetonitrile (urine) and chromatographed on a mu Bondapak C18 column preceded by a 4-5 cm X 2 mm I.D. column packed with Corasil C18. Quantitation was obtained by UV spectrometry at 320 nm. Linearity in plasma ranged from 0.2 to 10 micrograms/ml. Recoveries from plasma samples seeded with 1.8, 4 and 8 micrograms/ml isoxicam were 1.86 +/- 0.077, 4.10 +/- 0.107 and 8.43 +/- 0.154 micrograms/ml with relative standard deviations of 3.3%, 2.5% and 5.4%, respectively. The linearity in urine ranged from 0.125 to 2 micrograms/ml. The precision of the method was 3.3-9.0% relative standard deviation over the linear range.     

Determination of ceftriaxone, a novel cephalosporin, in plasma, urine and saliva by high-performance liquid chromatography on an NH2 bonded-phase column

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of a new cephalosporin antibiotic in plasma, urine and saliva (mixed saliva) using normal-phase technique and an NH2 bonded-phase column. The eluent mixture was a combination of acetonitrile and an aqueous solution of ammonium carbonate. The rapid method involved precipitation of protein from fluids by means of acetonitrile followed by automatic injection of the supernatant. The detection limit was 0.4 micrograms/ml for plasma, 3 micrograms/ml for urine and 0.03 micrograms/ml for saliva using UV detection.