考虑剪力滞后效应的钢-混凝土组合梁力法单元

本文通过在Newmark模型中引入翘曲形函数来描述楼板纵向位移的横向非均匀分布．然后采用虚余功原理建立了考虑剪力滞后效应的钢—混凝土组合梁力法单元。该力法单元严格地满足平衡条件．而仅在积分意义上满足变形协调条件，但具有与通用位移有限元法相一致的刚度矩阵形式。由于受平衡条件的限制结点外力不相互独立，而翘曲位移引起的双弯矩和双剪力使得内力关系变得非常复杂，本文给出了推导力法梁单元内力形函数的通用方法。此外．本文还考虑了梁间荷载的存在对内力形函数的影响。算例分析表明，所提出的力法单元有较高的精度，并发现：在有梁间分布荷载时．采用将梁间分布荷载等效为结点荷载的方法将显著降低应力的精度，而采用高次力法单元对于提高情度没有明显的作用。     

开口薄壁杆件结构稳定分析的精确单元和两步求解算法

从控制微分方程的通解出发,构造受偏心压力作用开口薄壁杆件的精确形函数,建立用于开口薄壁杆件结构稳定性分析的精确有限元,得到了单元刚度矩阵和几何刚度矩阵的显式表达,提出了计算给定区间内各阶临界荷载以及相应失稳模态的两步计算方法。计算结果表明,与常规单元相比,采用精确单元无需进行网格细分就可以获得精确的数值结果,结合本文的两步求解算法,可以准确获得给定区间内全部临界荷载和失稳模态。     

非正交边界薄板弯曲问题的一种新单元——任意四边形单元

本文提出了任意四边形薄板弯曲单元以解决非正交边界薄板弯曲的问题。文中给出了二维坐标变换的二阶导数的雅可比矩阵及其逆矩阵显式、形函数、荷载列阵及内力矩阵。通过四个计算实例说明精度是相当高的,并与三角形、矩形单元及函数解进行了比较。     

不同模量理论弹性支承连续梁及框架

弹性支承连续梁及框架结构的内力不仅与各杆件的刚度有关，而且与支承结构的刚度有关．当引入拉压不同模量后，各杆件的抗弯刚度EI不再为常数(与经典力学不同)，而是内力的函数，使结构内力计算成为非线性问题．用分段积分法推导出不同模量弹性支承连续梁及框架的中性轴公式和内力计算表达式并编制非线性内力计算迭代程序．通过实例计算对比分析不同模量与经典力学相同模量两种方法计算结果的差异，最后提出对该类结构计算的合理建议以及利用不同模量对结构进行优化的结论．     

移动荷载作用下地基动力分析的有限元方法

通过对地基动力问题的基本方程进行变换,把基本方程变换到随荷载移动的运动坐标系中,通过加权残数法推导了相应的单元刚度矩阵,从而建立了移动问题的有限元格式,并发现移动荷载问题的单元刚度矩阵是对相应静力问题单元刚度矩阵的修正,在静力单元刚度矩阵的主对角元素上增加与移动速度有关的项,即可得到移动问题有限元的单元刚度矩阵,这样就将动力学问题转化为“拟静力”问题处理。文中用移动问题有限元方法计算了地基的动力响应,并与解析解进行了对比,以说明本方法具有较好的精度。     

直接基于单元平衡的变截面梁反应分析方法

固定形状的单元位移插值函数不能合理地近似变截面梁内部的位移变化,从而影响了传统梁单元用于计算变截面梁的精度.采用直接基于单元平衡的思想给出了计算变截面梁反应的有限元方法,解决了单元位移插值函数局限性所带来的问题.导出了变截面梁单元的单元刚度矩阵、单元等效节点荷载和单元一致质量矩阵.在此基础上,利用编制的程序进行了算例验证与分析.算例验证了本文理论的正确性,表明本文方法具有很高的计算精度.     

一种新的薄壁杆件单元扭转刚度矩阵

本文提出一种新的薄壁杆件单元扭转刚度矩阵,它能够计及二次剪应力对翘曲变形的影响,并适用于任意剖面(包括开口,闭口和混合剖面)的薄壁杆件。计算表明,这个新的扭转刚度矩阵有相当好的精确度,可以代替Kawai或Gunnlaugsson-Pedersen的刚度矩阵,用于薄壁杆件的有限元静动力分析。     

样条有限条塑性铰法分析板梁的极限荷载

用样条有限条塑性铰法分析了板梁的极限荷载。首先对条单元以样条位移函数表达的总势能进行求导而推导了位移-荷载关系式。然后用塑性铰法推导了单元的塑性刚度矩阵。因此该方法兼具二者优点:样条有限条法的位移量少和塑性铰法形成塑性刚度矩阵的便利。它还可以考虑梁的初始缺陷,如残余应力和初弯曲。通过与相关的试验数据比较,证明该方法有效与可靠。     

考虑约束扭转的薄壁梁单元刚度矩阵

推导了薄壁空间梁单元刚度矩阵 ,考虑了双向弯曲及截面约束扭转对杆件轴向变形的影响 ;计算了截面的翘曲变形 ,以及二次剪应力对翘曲变形的影响 ,可适用于任意截面 (包括开口、闭口和混合剖面 )的薄壁杆件。计算结果表明 ,考虑约束扭转的薄壁梁单元刚度矩阵有相当好的精确度 ,可以用于薄壁杆件的静动力分析。     

极坐标有限条法解扁球壳问题

本文用有限条法解扁球壳问题,对于轴对称问题与位移和内力沿环向按cosnθ或sinnθ分布的非轴对称问题,分别推导了三类壳元(圆底壳元,圆孔外无限壳元,圆环底壳元)刚度矩阵的精确解。对于沿环向按cosnθ或sinnθ分布的环形面荷载和环形线荷载推导了单元等价节线荷载的表达式。编制了相应的计算程序,计算了典型例题。结果表明,此法具有计算工作量少而计算精度高的优点。     

超静定梁变形计算的积分法

从线性化弯矩和曲率关系出发,将超静定梁多余反力的弯矩叠加到梁截面弯 矩中去,经两次积分得到了包括积分常数和多余反力的分段转角方程和挠曲线方程,利用边界 条件和连续条件确定积分常数和多余反力,进而确定了转角方程和挠曲线方程.文中工作扩大 了积分法的应用范围. 教学实践表明,用积分法解超静定梁的变形能够起到帮助学生学习和 掌握固体力学的边值问题解题思想的作用.     

Nonlinear dynamics of an inclined beam subjected to a moving load

In this paper, the nonlinear dynamic response of an inclined pinned-pinned beam with a constant cross section, finite length subjected to a concentrated vertical force traveling with a constant velocity is investigated. The study is focused on the mode summation method and also on frequency analysis of the governing PDEs equations of motion. Furthermore, the steady-state response is studied by applying the multiple scales method. The nonlinear response of the beam is obtained by solving two coupled nonlinear PDEs governing equations of planar motion for both longitudinal and transverse oscillations of the beam. The dynamic magnification factor and normalized time histories of mid-pint of the beam are obtained for various load velocity ratios and the outcome results have been illustrated and compared to the results with those obtained from traditional linear solution. The appropriate parametric study considering the effects of the linear viscous damping, the velocity of the traveling load, beam inclination angle under zero or nonzero axial load are carried out to capture the influence of the effect of large deflections caused by stretching effects due to the beam’s immovable ends. It was seen that quadratic nonlinearity renders the softening effect on the dynamic response of the beam under the act of traveling load. Also in the case where the object leaves the inclined beam, its planar motion path is derived and the targeting accuracy is investigated and compared with those from the rigid solution assumption. Moreover, the stability analysis of steady-state response for the modes equations having quadratic nonlinearity was carried out and it was observed from the frequency response curves that for the considered parameters in the case of internal-external primary resonance, both saturation phenomenon and jump phenomenon can be predicted for the longitudinal excitation.     

Stability and optimization of a clamped beam elastically restrained against translation on one end resting on Winkler foundation

In this study, stability and bimodal optimization of clamped beam elastically restrained against translation on one end subjected to a constant axially load are analyzed. The beam is positioned on elastic Winkler type foundation. The Euler method of adjacent equilibrium configuration is used in deriving the nonlinear governing equations. The critical load parameters, axial force and stiffness of foundation, are obtained for beam with the unit cross-sectional area.The shape of the beam stable against buckling that has minimal volume is determined by using Pontryagin’s maximum principle. The optimality conditions for the case of bimodal optimization are derived. The cross-sectional area for optimally designed beam is found from the solution of a nonlinear boundary value problem. New numerical results are obtained. A first integral (Hamiltonian) is used to monitor accuracy of integration. It is shown that there is the saving in material for the same buckling force.     

The nonlinear vibration analysis of a clamped-clamped beam by a reduced multibody method

The nonlinear response characteristics for a dynamic system with a geometric nonlinearity is examined using a multibody dynamics method. The planar system is an initially straight clamped-clamped beam subject to high frequency excitation in the vicinity of its third natural mode. The model includes a pre-applied static axial load, linear bending stiffness and a cubic in-plane stretching force. Constrained flexibility is applied to a multibody method that lumps the beam into N elements for three substructures subjected to the nonlinear partial differential equation of motion and N-1 linear modal constraints. This procedure is verified by d'Alembert's principle and leads to a discrete form of Galerkin's method. A finite difference scheme models the elastic forces. The beam is tuned by the axial force to obtain fourth order internal resonance that demonstrates bimodal and trimodal responses in agreement with low and moderate excitation test results. The continuous Galerkin method is shown to generate results conflicting with the test and multibody method. A new checking function based on Gauss' principle of least constraint is applied to the beam to minimize modal constraint error.     

Static analysis of anisotropic functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic beams subjected to arbitrary loading

This paper considers the analytical and semi-analytical solutions for anisotropic functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic beams subjected to an arbitrary load, which can be expanded in terms of sinusoidal series. For the generalized plane stress problem, the stress function, electric displacement function and magnetic induction function are assumed to consist of two parts, respectively. One is a product of a trigonometric function of the longitudinal coordinate (x) and an undetermined function of the thickness coordinate (z), and the other a linear polynomial of x with unknown coefficients depending on z. The governing equations satisfied by these z-dependent functions are derived. The analytical expressions of stresses, electric displacements, magnetic induction, axial force, bending moment, shear force, average electric displacement, average magnetic induction, displacements, electric potential and magnetic potential are then deduced, with integral constants determinable from the boundary conditions. The analytical solution is derived for beam with material coefficients varying exponentially along the thickness, while the semi-analytical solution is sought by making use of the sub-layer approximation for beam with an arbitrary variation of material parameters along the thickness. The present analysis is applicable to beams with various boundary conditions at the two ends. Two numerical examples are presented for validation of the theory and illustration of the effects of certain parameters.     

一种适用于强非线性结构力学问题数值求解的修正小波伽辽金方法

论文通过对有限区间上的任一连续函数在边界处采用基于泰勒展开的延拓处理,构造了一种与任意边界条件相协调的改进小波尺度基函数及在此基础上建立了小波逼近格式,由此可有效避免小波逼近在求解微分方程时在边界处的跳跃或抖动问题.在此基础上,结合论文后两位作者提出的广义小波高斯积分法,关于未知函数的任意非线性项的小波展开可以显式地用...     

A method for conformal mapping of a two-connected region onto an annulus

This paper presents a method for conformal of a two-connectedregion onto an annulus.The philosophy of the method is toconvert the problem into a Dirichlet problem and to prove thereal part of the analytic function transformation should be aharmonic function satisfying certain boundary conditions.Ac-cording to the theory of harmonic function we can determine theinner radius of the annulus from the condition that the harmonic function defined in two-connected region should be single-valued.It is then easy to see that the imaginary part can directly beobtained with the aid of Cauchy-Riemann conditions.The unknownconstants of integration only influence the argument of imagepoints and can easily be derived by using the one-to-one mappingof region onto an annulus.Without loss of generality,themethod can be used to conformally map other two-connected regionsonto an annulus if they can be subdivided into several rectang-ulars.The method has been programmed for a digital computer.It is demonstrated that the meth     

横向载荷作用下轴向运动梁的屈曲失稳以及非线性振动特性

梁的轴向运动会诱发其产生横向振动并可能导致屈曲失稳,对结构的安全性和可靠性产生重大的影响。本文重点研究了横向载荷作用下轴向运动梁的屈曲失稳及横向非线性振动特性。基于Hamilton变分原理,建立了横向载荷作用下轴向运动梁的动力学方程,获得了梁的后屈曲构型。使用截断Galerkin法,将控制方程改写成Duffing方程的形式。用同伦分析方法确定载荷作用下轴向运动梁的非线性受迫振动的封闭形式的表达式。结果表明,后屈曲构型对轴向速度和初始轴向应力有明显的依赖性。通过同伦分析法得出非线性基频的显式表达式,获得了初始轴向力会影响非线性频率随初始振幅和轴向速度的线性关系。另外,轴向外激励的方向也会改变系统固有频率。     

周期弹性支承管的稳定性研究

运用传递矩阵方法得到了周期弹性支承载流管的传播常数,利用传播常数确定失稳的临界状态,进而对稳定性进行了研究。结果表明：周期弹性支承管结构的静力型失稳与杆的轴压失稳情况相似,等效的轴向压力由无量纲化的流体流速和流体压力确定。弹性支座的线刚度和转角刚度之间须满足一定的匹配关系才能使结构得到相应较高的临界的等效压力。     

Elasticity solutions for plane anisotropic functionally graded beams

This paper considers the plane stress problem of generally anisotropic beams with elastic compliance parameters being arbitrary functions of the thickness coordinate. Firstly, the partial differential equation, which is satisfied by the Airy stress function for the plane problem of anisotropic functionally graded materials and involves the effect of body force, is derived. Secondly, a unified method is developed to obtain the stress function. The analytical expressions of axial force, bending moment, shear force and displacements are then deduced through integration. Thirdly, the stress function is employed to solve problems of anisotropic functionally graded plane beams, with the integral constants completely determined from boundary conditions. A series of elasticity solutions are thus obtained, including the solution for beams under tension and pure bending, the solution for cantilever beams subjected to shear force applied at the free end, the solution for cantilever beams or simply supported beams subjected to uniform load, the solution for fixed–fixed beams subjected to uniform load, and the one for beams subjected to body force, etc. These solutions can be easily degenerated into the elasticity solutions for homogeneous beams. Some of them are absolutely new to literature, and some coincide with the available solutions. It is also found that there are certain errors in several available solutions. A numerical example is finally presented to show the effect of material inhomogeneity on the elastic field in a functionally graded anisotropic cantilever beam.