新型黄色磷光吡嗪铱(Ⅲ)配合物的合成及发光性质

利用2,3-二苯基吡嗪与水合三氯化铱反应合成了一种新型吡嗪铱的配合物[Ir(dphp)₂(acac)],通过元素分析,¹HNMR和MS对配合物结构进行了表征,并研究了配合物的吸收光谱和光致发光光谱.利用该材料作为磷光染料制备了结构为[ITO/NPB(30nm)/NPB;8%[Ir(dphp)₂(acac)](25nm)/PBD(10nm)/Alq₃(30nm)/Mg;Ag(质量比9;1)(130nm)的电致发光器件,研究了其电致发光光谱.结果表明,该配合物在393和528nm处存在单重态¹MLCT(金属到配体的电荷跃迁)和三重态³MLCT的吸收峰;荧光光谱结果显示,在588nm处有较强的金属配合物三重态的磷光发射;电致发光光谱显示,该器件的启动电压是3.25V,器件的最大亮度为11478cd/m²,外量子效率为13.85%,器件的流明效率为15.54lm/W,是一种新型的高效率黄色磷光材料.     

二-[2',6'-二氟-2,3'-联吡啶- N,C4'][2,4-戊二酮-O,O]铱(III)的合成及其光致和电致发光性能

以2',6'-二氟-2,3'-联吡啶(Hdfpypy)为主配体,乙酰丙酮为辅助配体,合成了二-[2',6'-二氟-2,3'-联吡啶-N,C4'][2,4-戊二酮-O,O]铱(Ⅲ)配合物((dfpypy)2Ir(acac))。在THF溶液中,该配合物溶液最大光致发光光谱为465 nm(半峰宽为53 nm),同时伴有490 nm的肩峰,与面式-Ir(dfpypy)3在438和463 nm两个强度相近的发光光谱相比,发生了红移。配合物在脱气四氢呋喃溶液中的PL量子效率为0.41。将(dfpypy)2Ir(acac)以不同的浓度掺杂在主体材料聚乙烯基咔唑(PVK)中,制备了器件结构为:ITO/PEDOT∶PSS(聚二氧乙基噻吩∶聚对苯乙烯磺酸)/PVK∶(dfpypy)2Ir(acac)(100∶x)(70 nm)/Ba/Al的蓝色聚合物发光器件(x代表掺杂量)。在驱动电压为15.4 V时,2%掺杂器件的最大发光亮度为1400 cd/m2。当电流密度为0.23×10-3A/cm2时,2%掺杂器件最大亮度效率(ηc)为1.6 cd/A。器件的色坐标(CIE)值为(0.15,0.27)。     

一种含载流子传输基的铱配合物:合成及深黄色电致磷光器件

合成了一种含有载流子传输基新的铱配合物(BPPBI)2Ir(ECTFBD)[HBPPBI:1-苯基-2-(4-联苯基)苯并咪唑,HECTFBD:1-(9-乙基-3-咔唑基)-4,4,4-三氟-1,3-丁二酮],其结构和组成经核磁共振氢谱和元素分析所证实。研究了这种铱配合物二氯甲烷溶液的光物理和电化学性质。制作了基于这种铱配合物的电致磷光器件。器件结构是ITO/MoO3(10 nm)/NPB(80 nm)/CBP:x%(BPPBI)2Ir(ECTFBD)(20 nm)/TPBi(45 nm)/LiF/Al[x%:质量百分比为4%和7%的掺杂浓度;NPB:N4,N4′-二(1-萘基)-N4,N4′-二苯基-4,4′-联苯二胺,CBP:4,4′-二(9-咔唑基)联苯,TPBi:1,3,5-三(2-(1-苯基)苯并咪唑基)苯]。这些器件显示出深黄色的发射。对于7%掺杂浓度器件,最大的电流效率和最大发光亮度分别是5.2 cd.A-1和8 690 cd.m-2。     

含有载流子传输功能基团咔唑和噁二唑的有机铕(Ⅲ)配合物的合成及其发光性能

合成了一种含有载流子传输功能基团咔唑和噁二唑的有机铕(Ⅲ)配合物. 在研究了光致发光等性能的同时, 制备了结构为ITO/NPB(40 nm)/2.5%铕(Ⅲ)配合物: CBP(30 nm)/BCP(10 nm)/Alq3(30 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(100 nm)的电致发光器件, 器件在612 nm处有半峰宽为4 nm的高纯度的明亮红光发射, 起亮电压约为6 V, 在17.3 V时达到最大亮度1778 cd/m2.     

侧链含金属铱配合物的电磷光白光聚合物

设计了一系列新型芴-咔唑电磷光共轭聚合物.通过共价键将双(2-(9,9-二乙基-9H-芴-2-基)吡啶-N,C2’)合铱(III)(Ir Fpy)接枝到3,6-二溴咔唑的N-烷基侧链,采用Suzuki缩聚反应合成了铱配合物(Ir Fpy)含量分别为0.25 mol%,0.5 mol%和1 mol%的聚合物PF-Ir Fpy.当引入的配合物Ir Fpy含量为1 mol%时,得到的共轭聚合物发射色坐标为(0.44,0.56)的黄光.随着接枝的铱配合物Ir Fpy在共轭聚合物中含量降低,作为主体的聚(9,9-二辛基芴)蓝光发射不能被完全淬灭,得到共聚物同时发射主体蓝光及客体铱配合物黄光的单分子白光共轭聚合物.共聚物发光器件结构为ITO/PEDOT:PSS(50 nm)/polymer+PBD(30 wt%)(80nm)/Ba(4 nm)/Al(150 nm)[氧化铟锡/苯磺酸掺杂聚乙烯基二氧噻吩/聚合物+(2,4-二苯-5-4-叔丁基苯-1,3,4-噁二唑)(w=30%)/钡/铝],基于共聚物PF-Ir Fpy025的器件流明效率为3.97 cd/A,色坐标为(0.34,0.34),非常接近于标准白光发射的色坐标(0.33,0.33).为了研究采用共聚物PF-Ir Fpy025和PF-Ir Fpy05制备的白光器件的光谱稳定性,测试了外加电压在8~13 V范围内的EL光谱,当外加电压从8 V升高到13 V时,两个EL器件都表现出了良好的EL光谱稳定性.研究结果表明,在共轭聚合物侧链上引入螯合金属铱配合物单元是实现高效、稳定的白光电致磷光器件的有效方法之一.     

一种吡嗪铱(Ⅲ)配合物的晶体结构及光物理性质

合成了一种铱配合物二(4,4'-二氟-5-甲基-2,3-二苯基吡嗪) (乙酰丙酮)合铱[(MDPPF)₂Ir(acac)]的有机电致发光器件(OLED),利用X射线单晶衍射仪测定了该化合物的晶体结构. 利用紫外-可见吸收光谱、发射光谱对其光物理性质进行研究. 结果表明: (MDPPF)₂Ir(acac)的单晶结构属于三斜晶系, P1空间群,晶胞参数a=1.13984(3) nm, b=1.26718(3) nm, c=1.29541(3) nm, α=93.7181(19)°, β=101.638(2)°, γ=110.853(3)°, V=1.69336(7) nm³; (MDPPF)₂Ir(acac)在二氯甲烷溶液中的发射峰为555 nm. 以(MDPPF)₂Ir(acac)为客体材料,制备了结构为ITO/NPB(40 nm)/CBP: (MDPPF)₂Ir(acac)(20 nm)/TPBi(10 nm)/Alq₃ (30 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(100 nm)的一系列不同掺杂浓度器件, 器件的发射峰位于558 nm, 最大亮度达到32700 cd·m^-2,最大电流效率44.3 cd·A^-1, 最大功率效率20.7 lm·W^-1.     

基于面式-三(2-(4-三氟甲基苯基)吡啶)合铱配合物为发光中心的高效绿光有机电致发光器件

用经典的方法合成了面式-三(2-(4-三氟甲基苯基)吡啶)合铱配合物(fac-Ir(tfmppy)3),并得到了其晶体结构。在CH2Cl2溶液中Ir(tfmppy)3的发射光谱显示出了峰值位于525 nm的π→π*跃迁吸收以及金属到配体电荷转移(MLCT)吸收,色坐标(CIE)为(0.31,0.62),量子效率计算为4.59%(以Ru(bpy)3]Cl2为参照)。以Ir(tfmppy)3为发光中心,制备并研究了有机电致发光器件:ITO/TAPC(60 nm)/Ir(tfmppy)3(x%)∶mCP(30 nm)/TPBi(60 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(100 nm)。4%掺杂浓度的器件在4 197 cd·m-2的亮度下显示的最大电流效率为33.95 cd·A-1,在12.7 V时的最大亮度为43 612 cd·m-2,色坐标(CIE)为(0.31,0.61)。利用瞬态电致发光法(transient electroluminescence(TEL))、在1 300(V·cm-1)1/2的电场强度下Ir(tfmppy)3配合物的电子迁移率测定为4.24×10-6cm2·(V·s)-1。非常接近于常用的电子传输材料八羟基喹啉铝(Alq3)的电子迁移率。     

两种基于氮杂环结构铱(Ⅲ)配合物的合成及有机电致发光性能

以苯基嘧啶/吡啶基嘧啶为母核, 同时引入2个三氟甲基(CF₃)合成了2-[3,5-二（三氟甲基）苯基]-5-氟基嘧啶(tfmphfppm)和2-[2,6-二（三氟甲基）-4-吡啶基]-5-氟基嘧啶(tfmpyfppm)主配体, 并以2-(5-苯基-1,3,4-噁二唑-2-)苯酚(pop)为辅助配体合成了2种铱(III)配合物Ir(tfmphfppm)₂(pop)和Ir(tfmpyfppm)₂(pop), 其发射光谱峰分别位于484和504 nm, 分别属于蓝绿光和绿光发射, 发光量子效率分别达到76%和89%. 由于氮杂环和2,5-二苯基-1,3,4-噁二唑基团的存在, 配合物具有较低的最低未占据分子轨道(LUMO)能级和较高的电子迁移率. 以2种 铱(III)配合物为发光中心制备的有机电致发光器件(OLED)显示了较好的器件性能, 其最大亮度(L_max)、 最大电流效率(η_{c, max})、 最大功率效率(η_{p, max})和最大外量子效率(EQE_max)分别为33379 cd/m², 76.55 cd/A, 31.59 lm/W和26.7%; 并且该器件显示了比较小的效率滚降, 在亮度为1000 cd/m²时, 器件的η_c仍然可以达到72.71 cd/A. 本文结果表明, 氮杂环、 2,5-二苯基-1,3,4-噁二唑和三氟甲基基团可以有效提高铱(Ⅲ)配合物的发光性能和电子迁移率, 从而提高器件的性能.     

含亚磷酸酯和联吡啶羧酸酯配体的铱配合物及其聚集诱导发光增强和电致发光性能

以三苯基亚磷酸酯为双环金属化配体,2,2'-联吡啶-4,4'-二甲酸乙酯为辅助配体,合成了一种中性铱配合物(1).通过核磁共振波谱(NMR)、高分辨质谱(HRMS)及X射线单晶衍射分析对配合物的结构进行了确认.对配合物的光物理性能进行了表征,结果表明,掺杂于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)中的配合物表现出黄光发射,波长为581 nm,量子效率高达29.4%,是含联吡啶羧酸类配体的铱配合物中最高的,发光寿命为1.08μs.配合物最高已占轨道(HOMO)能级为-5.43 e V,最低未占轨道(LUMO)能级为-3.18 e V.配合物表现出明显的聚集诱导发光增强性质,在水/四氢呋喃混合溶剂中,聚集后发光增强了17倍.用该配合物制备的掺杂有机电致发光器件的外量子效率高达8.9%,最大电流效率和功率效率分别为9.7 cd/A和5.2 lm/W.研究结果表明,双环金属化的亚磷酸酯配体对提高联吡啶羧酸酯类铱配合物的发光效率和扩展应用范围具有重要作用.     

一种红光铱配合物的合成和电致发光性能

以1-(4-三氟甲基苯基)异喹啉(tfmpiq)为主配体,二(二(4-三氟甲基苯基)膦酰)胺(tfmtpip)为辅助配体,成功合成了Ir髥配合物Ir(tfmpiq)2(tfmtpip),并得到了配合物的晶体结构。配合物Ir(tfmpiq)2(tfmtpip)的分解温度为373℃,具有良好的热稳定性。Ir(tfmpiq)2(tfmtpip)的发射光谱主要是MLCT发射,峰位置为613 nm,量子效率为3.7%,HOMO和LUMO轨道能级分别为-5.62和-3.54 e V。基于Ir(tfmpiq)2(tfmtpip)的器件ITO/TAPC(40 nm)/Ir(tfmpiq)2(tfmtpip)(x%)∶mCP(20 nm)/TmPyPB(40 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(100 nm),当掺杂浓度为4%(w/w)时,器件达到最大功率效率和电流效率分别为5.73 lm·W-1和7.13 cd·A-1,而且器件在12.8 V的驱动电压下达到亮度10 542 cd·m-2。     

Bright red electroluminescent devices based on a soluble lanthanide complex Eu(DBM)_3(phen)

Electroluminescent devices with PVK film doped with Eu(DBM)3(phen) and PBD were fabricated. The device structure of glass substrate/indium-tin-oxide/PPV/PVK:Eu(DBM)3-(phen):PBD/Alq3/Al was employed. The emissive layer was formed by spin-casting method. A sharply red electroluminescence with a maximum luminance of 114.4 cd/m2 was achieved at 42 V.     

Blue electroluminescence of a novel Zn~(2+)–β-diketone complex with a carbazole moiety

In this letter, a novel zinc complex of Zn(ECTFBD)2 was synthesized by an environment-friendly grinding technique in high yield. Its structure was confirmed by1H NMR, MS and EA. HECTFBD is 1-(9-ethyl-9Hcarbazol-3-yl)-4,4,4-trifluorobutane-1,3-dione. Zn(ECTFBD)2-based light-emitting devices were fabricated. The architecture of the devices was ITO/PEDOT(40 nm)/100 wt% PVK: 40 wt% OXD-7: x wt% Zn(ECTFBD)2(85 nm)/CsF(1.5 nm)/Al(100 nm), where x = 1, 5, and 10(relative to the mass of PVK and OXD-7). The three devices displayed blue emissions with peaks at 450, 458, and 460 nm, respectively. A maximum luminous efficiency of 0.86 cd/A and a luminance of 228 cd/m2were achieved by the 1 wt% doped device. So, we demonstrated further that Zn2+–b-diketone complexes can be effectively severed as a class of new electroluminescent materials. In addition, the thermal stability of Zn(ECTFBD)2 was tested and the UV–vis and photoluminescent behaviors of Zn(ECTFBD)2 in CH2 Cl2 were investigated.     

Novel Iridium Complex with Carbazol-2-yl-β-diketone Derivative: Low-energy Excitation and Red Electrophosphorescent Devices

A novel iridium-complex, (BPPBI)₂Ir(2-TFDBC)[BPPBI=2-(biphenyl-4-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imi- dazole, 2-TFDBC=1-(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-2-yl)-4,4,4-trifluorobutane-1,3-dione], was synthesized, and its structure and component were confirmed by ¹H NMR and element analysis, respectively. UV-Vis absorption and photoluminescent(PL) spectra of (BPPBI)₂Ir(2-TFDBC) in dichloromethane were investigated. The Ir-complex exhibited a long wavelength excitation of 470 nm, i.e., low-energy excitation. So, it is a promising candidate for phosphorescent probe and PL material. (BPPBI)₂Ir(2-TFDBC)-based electroluminescent devices, ITO/MoO₃(10 nm)/NPB(80 nm)/ CBP:x(BPPBI)₂Ir(2-TFDBC)(20 nm)/TPBi(45 nm)/LiF/Al, were fabricated, where x(%) was of 4% or 8% doping concentration(mass fraction); ITO=indium tin oxides; NBP=N,N'-bis-(1-naphthalenyl)-N,N'-bis-phenyl-(1,1'-biphenyl)- 4,4'-diamine, CBP=4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl, TPBi=1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene. The devices showed a red emission of 620 nm. The maximum current efficiency and brightness were 1.7 cd/A and 4063 cd/m² for a device of 8%(mass fraction) doping level, respectively. The moderate luminous efficiency was due to the inadequate energy transfer from the host material to the guest material.     

Efficient electroluminescence from new lanthanide (Eu3+, Sm3+) complexes

The syntheses, structures, and electroluminescent properties are described for two new lanthanide complexes Ln(HFNH)3phen [HFNH = 4,4,5,5,6,6,6-heptafluoro-1-(2-naphthyl)hexane-1,3-dione; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; Ln = Eu3+ (1), Sm3+ (2)]. Both complexes exhibit bright photoluminescence at room temperature (RT) due to the characteristic emission of Eu3+ and Sm3+ ion. Several devices using the two complexes as emitters were fabricated. The performances of these devices are among the best reported for devices using europium complex and samarium complex as emitters. The device based on 1 with the structure ITO/TPD (50 nm)/1:CBP (10%, 40 nm)/BCP (20 nm)/AlQ (30 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (200 nm) exhibits the maximum brightness of 957 cd/m2, current efficiency of 4.14 cd/A, and power efficiency of 2.28 lm/W with a pure red Eu3+ ion emission. Especially, at the high brightness of 200 cd/m2, the device of 1 still has a high current efficiency of 2.15 cd/A. The device of 2 with a three-layer structure of ITO/TPD (50 nm)/2 (50 nm)/BCP (20 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (200 nm) gives the maximum brightness of 42 cd/m2, current efficiency of 0.18 cd/A. By the comparison of the electroluminescent properties of devices based on Eu(TTA3phen (TTA = 2-thenoyltrifluoroacteonate) and 1, we conclude that the polyfluoration on the alkyl group of the ligand and the introduction of the long conjugate naphthyl group into the ligand improve the efficiency of 1-doped devices, especially at high current densities.     

CARRIER PHOTOGENERATION IN POLY（N-VINYL-CARBAZOLE）-BASED PHOTOCONDUCTIVE THIN-FILM DEVICES

In this paper, photoexcitation processes in the bilayer devices based on inorganic materials and poly（N-vinylcarbazole） （PVK） were investigated. In order to clarify the roles of inorganic materials in photoconductive properties of bilayer devices, TiO2 and ZnS were chosen to combine with PVK. A model for generation of photocurrent （Iph） in single layer device of PVK was obtained. It is deduced that the recombination rate constant （Pcomb） and the ionization rate constant （y） ofexcitons should be considered as the most important factors for Iph. For inorganic materials （TiO2 or ZnS）/PVK bilayer devices, in reverse bias of-4 V, the photocurrent of 115 mA/cm^2 in the TiO2/PVK device was observed, but the photocurrent in the ZnS/PVK device was only 10 mA/cma under the illumination light of 340 nm and the light intensity of 14.2 mW/cm^2. The weaker photocurrent is attributed to the absorption of ZnS within UV region and the energy offset at the interface between PVK and ZnS, which impedes the transport of charge carriers.     

Synthesis, structural characterization, and electrophosphorescent properties of rhenium(I) complexes containing carrier-transporting groups

Two novel diimine rhenium(I) carbonyl complexes with the formula [Re(CO)(3)(L)Br], where L = 1-(4-5'-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazolylbenzyl)-2-pyridinylbenzoimidazole (1) and 1-(4-carbazolylbutyl)-2-pyridinylbenzoimidazole (2), have been successfully synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, (1)H NMR, and IR spectra. Their electrochemical, photophysical, and electroluminescent behaviors, along with the X-ray crystal structure analysis of 2, are also described. White electrophosphorescent devices were fabricated using 1 and 2 as emitters. The devices based on carbazole-containing (hole-transporting group) 2 with the structure ITO/m-MTDATA (30 nm)/NPB (20 nm)/2:CBP (8%, 30 nm)/Bphen (20 nm)/Alq(3) (20 nm)/LiF (0.8 nm)/Al (200 nm) exhibit Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates of x = 0.34, y = 0.33 with a maximum brightness of 2300 cd/m(2) at 580 mA/cm(2). When a brightness of 1500 cd/m(2) appears at 230 mA/cm(2), the devices based on 10 wt % 2 still possess 56% of the maximum efficiency which appeared at 2.7 mA/cm(2). These performances are among the best reported for devices using Re(I) complexes as emitters. By comparison of the electroluminescent properties of the devices based on 1 and 2, we conclude that the introduction of the carbazole group into the ligand improves the performance of 1-doped devices.     

稀土配合物Eu(TTA)4C5H5NC16H33的红光二极管

A thin film electroluminescence cell with the structure of ITO/PPV/PVK∶Eu(TTA)₄C₅H₅NC₁₆H₃₃∶PBD/Alq₃/Al has been fabricated. Red emission with a very sharp spectral band at 614nm was observed and a maximum luminance of 20cd·m^-2 at 36V was obtained from the spin-coated device. The full width at half maximum of lu-minescent spectrum is less than 10nm.     

掺杂meso-四(对葵酰氧基苯基)卟啉铂的饱和红色聚合物发光器件

在聚2,7-(9,9-二辛基)芴(PFO)和30%的2-(对联苯基)-5-(对叔丁基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑(PBD)主体材料中掺杂短磷光寿命的meso-四(对正葵酰氧基苯基)卟啉铂（TDPPPt）,制成聚合物基发光器件。 器件结构为：ITO/PEDOT∶PSS/PVK/PFO+30%PBD∶TDPPPt/Ca/Al（ITO:氧化铟锡;PEDOT:聚3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩;PSS：聚苯乙烯磺酸盐;PVK：聚乙烯基咔唑）。 当客体掺杂浓度≥3%时,器件给出饱和的红色发射。 当驱动电压从7 V升高至14 V时,器件发光色度保持不变,CIE(国际发光照明委员会)色坐标稳定在(0.66,0.28）左右。 器件的最大亮度和电流效率分别为1.390 cd/m2和1.34 cd/A。 在电流密度100×10-3和150×10-3 A/cm2时,电流效率分别为1.18和0.99 cd/A,器件在高电流密度下具有良好的稳定性。     

基于N-对甲氧苯基咔唑-2-乙烯基-8-羟基喹啉锌的白色和黄色有机电致发光器件的性能

通过研究新型荧光染料N-对甲氧苯基咔唑-2-乙烯基-8-羟基喹啉锌(MoBCzHQZn)的电致发光(EL)特性, 发现MoBCzHQZn具有较强的发光特性和空穴传输特性, 利用此特性制备了非掺杂型的有机电致白光器件和掺杂型的有机电致黄光器件. 白光器件的结构为ITO/2T-NATA(20 nm)/MoBCzHQZn(25 nm)/NPBX(13 nm)/BCP(8nm)/Alq3(34 nm)/LiF(0.5 nm)/Al, 器件在15 V电压下实现了白光发射, 色坐标为(0.3719, 0.3275), 最大发光亮度为3414 cd·m-2, 在14 V 电压下的最大发光效率为1.69 cd·A-1、黄光器件的结构为ITO/2T-NATA(20 nm)/CBP:6%Ir(ppy)3:10%MoBCzHQZn(25 nm)/TPBi:6%Ir(ppy)3(47 nm)/LiF(0.5 nm)/Al, 器件在15 V电压下实现了黄绿光发射, 色坐标为(0.3590, 0.5787), 最大发光亮度为11073 cd·m-2, 在9 V电压下的最大发光效率为2.51 cd·A-1.