Force-displacement characteristics of simply supported beam laminated with shape memory alloys

As a preliminary step in the nonlinear design of shape memory alloy(SMA) composite structures,the force-displacement characteristics of the SMA layer are studied.The bilinear hysteretic model is adopted to describe the constitutive relationship of SMA material.Under the assumption that there is no point of SMA layer finishing martensitic phase transformation during the loading and unloading process,the generalized restoring force generated by SMA layer is deduced for the case that the simply supported beam vibrates in its first mode.The generalized force is expressed as piecewise-nonlinear hysteretic function of the beam transverse displacement.Furthermore the energy dissipated by SMA layer during one period is obtained by integration,then its dependencies are discussed on the vibration amplitude and the SMA’s strain(Ms-Strain) value at the beginning of martensitic phase transformation.It is shown that SMA’s energy dissipating capacity is proportional to the stiffness difference of bilinear model and nonlinearly dependent on Ms-Strain.The increasing rate of the dissipating capacity gradually reduces with the amplitude increasing.The condition corresponding to the maximum dissipating capacity is deduced for given value of the vibration amplitude.The obtained results are helpful for designing beams laminated with shape memory alloys.     

Buckling and vibration of non-ideal simply supported rectangular isotropic plates

Buckling and vibration of a rectangular isotropic plate which has non-ideal simply supported boundary conditions along one of its edges are investigated. It is assumed that one of the edges of the plate allows a small non-zero deflection and a small non-zero moment. Externally applied in-plane loads are considered to be parallel and perpendicular to the edge where non-ideal boundary conditions are present in the buckling problem. Analytical solutions of the buckling and vibration problems are obtained by using the Linshtead–Poincare perturbation technique. Improved buckling loads and natural frequencies are determined for various values of the aspect ratio of the plate.     

基于自由振动的高速铁路简支梁桥共振与消振速度研究

为研究高速列车简支梁振动的问题,利用移动荷载列解析表达式的极限条件,推导了共振与消振速度。从自由振动幅值的角度,证明了桥梁振动主要由一阶模态贡献,且随着车速的增加,二阶模态对自由振动的贡献逐渐增大,而更高阶的模态贡献量可忽略不计。提高桥梁阻尼能起到抑振的作用,但会加剧车辆驶离桥后的自由振动。以20 m和32 m的两座简支梁桥为算例,从自由振动的幅值和相位出发,阐明了在特定的速度下,发生共振与消振的主要原因是轴载激励的自由振动之间出现叠加、抵消或抑制的现象。当共振速度与消振速度重合时,消振先于共振发生。比较移动轴载解析值与车-轨-桥耦合有限元模型的计算值,结果表明,移动轴载模型能有效预测桥梁的位移时程,但分析桥梁的加速度响应时,有必要考虑车-轨-桥之间的动力耦合效应。     

基于一种广义梁理论的弹性地基FGM简支梁自由振动解析解

基于一种扩展的n阶广义剪切变形梁理论(n-GBT),应用Hamilton原理,建立了以轴向位移、横向位移及转角为未知函数的Winkler-Pasternak弹性地基功能梯度材料(FGM)梁的自由振动方程,采用Navier法获得了弹性地基FGM简支梁自由振动的精确解。与多种梁理论预测结果进行比较,讨论并给出了GBT阶次n的理想取值;分析了梯度指标、跨厚比及地基刚度对FGM梁频率的影响。结果表明:本文方法有效且适用范围广,若采用高阶剪切梁理论模型,宜取n≥3的奇数;FGM梁的自振频率随材料梯度指标的增大而减小;随跨厚比的增加而增大,但当跨厚比大于20,跨厚比增加对频率的影响很小;随地基刚度的增加而增大,地基刚度足够大时,频率趋于收敛。     

Vibration of a transversely isotropic,simply supported and layered rectangular plate

The propagator matrix method is used in this paper to study the vibration of a transversely isotropic, simply supported and layered rectangular plate. A new system of vector functions is constructed to deal with general surface loading, and general solutions and layer matrices of exact closed form are obtained in this system. The particular solution for forced vibration, and the characteristic equations for free vibration of various surface conditions are then obtained by simple multiplication of layer matrices. These results are presented in such a way that the dilatational and distortional modes of vibration are separated. As a special case of the layered plate, results for the corresponding homogeneous thick plate are also derived. They are presented in a very simple form, and contain the previous results for the static transversely isotropic and the dynamic isotropic plates.     

Nonlinear vibration isolation of a viscoelastic beam

In this paper, the transmissibility of a viscoelastic beam supported by vertical springs is defined by proposing a new vertical elastic support boundary. By contrasting with the viscoelastic beam with rigid vertical supports and the rigid rod with vertical elastic support ends, the necessity of the transmissibility of an elastic structure with vertical elastic supports is proved. In order to approximately solve the steady-state responses of the nonlinear transverse vibration of the viscoelastic beam under periodic excitation, the harmonic balance method in conjunction with the pseudo arc-length method is adopted. The numerical results are calculated to confirm the approximate analytic results. The comparison between the rigid rod and the elastic beam shows that neglecting the bending vibration of the structures will underestimate the frequency range in which the elastic support produces an effective vibration isolation. On the other hand, the comparison between the rigid support and the spring support demonstrates that ignoring the elasticity of the support ends will create a false understanding of the force transmission of elastic structures. In general, this paper presents the necessity of studying the force transmission of elastic structures with elastic supports. Moreover, this paper will become the beginning of the study of the vibration isolation of the elastic structure.     

Three-dimensional exact analysis of a simply supported functionally gradient piezoelectric plate

An exact three-dimensional analysis is presented for a functionally gradient piezoelectric material rectangular plate that is simply supported and grounded along its four edges. The state equations of the functionally gradient piezoelectric material are developed based on the state space approach. Assuming that the mechanical and electric properties of the material have the same exponent-law dependence on the thickness-coordinate, we obtain an exact three-dimensional solution of the coupling electroelastic fields in the plate under mechanical, and electric loading on the upper and lower surfaces of the plate. The influences of the different functionally gradient material properties on the structural response of the plate to the mechanical and electric stimuli are then studied through examples.     

逐段变形效应叠加法在简支梁的应用

逐段变形效应叠加法可应用于简支梁.分别计算了受对称载荷、非对称载荷的阶梯简支梁中截面的挠度及受对称载荷作用的阶梯简支梁端截面的转角.逐段变形效应叠加法可计算受任意载荷的阶梯简支梁中截面的挠度和端截面的转角.     

Accurate variational approach for free vibration of simply supported anisotropic rectangular plates

The Ritz method is one of the most elegant and useful approximate methods for analyzing free vibration of laminated composite plates. It is simple to use and also straightforward to implement. However, the Ritz method has its own difficulty in determining the natural frequencies of simply supported laminated anisotropic plates. This is caused by the fact that the natural boundary conditions in the vibration of anisotropic plates can never be exactly satisfied by a solution in a variables separable form. As a result, the calculated natural frequencies would be expected to converge to solutions a little higher than true ones. To overcome this difficulty, this paper presents a simple variational formulation with Ritz procedure in which all the natural boundary conditions are implemented in an averaging manner. It is revealed that the proposed method can produce lower upper bound solutions compared with the conventional Ritz method where the geometric boundary conditions can only be satisfied by the assumed deflection functions.     

A complete symplectic eigenfunction expansion for the elastic thin plate with simply supported edges

The eigenvalue problem for the Hamiltonian operator associated with the mathematical model for the deflection of a thin elastic plate is investigated. First, the problem for a rectangular plate with simply supported edges is solved directly. Then, the completeness of the eigenfunctions is proved, thereby demonstrating the feasibility of using separation of variables to solve the problem. Finally, the general solution is obtained by using the proved expansion theorem.     

GM准则解析受线性荷载简支圆板的极限载荷

用GM(几何中线)屈服准则,对受线性荷载作用下的简支圆板进行塑性极限分析,求得极限载荷的解析解.该解为圆板半径a、切向应力最大点半径r0以及极限弯矩的函数.与Tresca、Mises和TSS(双剪应力)屈服准则预测的极限载荷比较表明,Tresca屈服准则预测极限载荷的下限,TSS屈服准则预测极限载荷的上限,GM准则预测的极限载荷恰居二者中间,并靠近Mises解.圆板半径a与切向应力最大点半径r0的变化关系为r0随着a的增加而增加,满足线性关系,r0分别出现在r0=0.7710a和r0=0.5472a的位置上.     

简支交叉V形折板屋盖的内力和挠度

本文首先借助局部斜坐标系和广义函数－符号函数和阶跃函数，建立了交叉Ｖ形折板屋盖的曲面方程，然后应用薄壳理论和变分法，导出了四边简支交叉Ｖ形折板屋盖的挠度和内力的表达式，最后给出算例。算例表明这种结构的最大应力比相同尺寸的传统双向折板屋盖的最大应力小６８．２％，运用这种结构，比同底同高等强度的传统双向折板节省将近７０％的材料。     

Multi-mode parametric excitation of a simply supported plate under time-varying and non-uniform edge loading

In this study, multi-mode parametric excitation of a simply supported plate under time-varying and non-uniform edge loading is modeled and the solution is found. Equations for multi-mode parametric excitation of a simply supported plate are derived using stress distributions within the plate as well as on the edges, considering both the effects of non-uniform edge loading and the non-linearity caused by the large deflection. The multi-mode equations are coupled by first-order linear terms, even in the case of simply supported boundary conditions, due to the non-uniform edge loading. The perturbation solutions of two-mode parametric excitation are examined by the method of multiple scales. For the edge loading, which consists of a uniform term as well as a non-uniform one, equations could be coupled or de-coupled by parametric excitation terms, and the numbers and values of the resonance frequencies of the parametric excitations could also differ, depending on whether the non-uniform term of the edge loading is time-varying or not. In addition to the resonant frequencies of the case when only the uniform term of the edge loading is time-varying, there are additional combination resonances at the vicinity of the sum of two natural frequencies of each mode when the non-uniform term of the non-uniform edge loading is time-varying.     

三边简支一边自由混凝土矩形薄板的热弯曲

基于薄板的小挠度理论和叠加原理,考虑横向变温情况,将温度作用下的三边简支一边自由矩形薄板看作是面内温差作用下的四边简支矩形薄板和自由边上挠度作用下的三边简支一边自由矩形薄板的叠加,得到了温度作用下三边简支一边自由混凝土矩形薄板的挠度和弯矩解析解.首先通过在自由边界上试设具有待定参数的挠度函数,采用李维解法推导出三边简支一边自由矩形薄板在自由边界挠度作用下的挠度方程;其次利用横向变温作用下四边简支矩形薄板的求解得到待定参数;再采用叠加原理得出横向变温作用下三边简支一边自由矩形薄板的挠度和弯矩解析解;最后利用MATLAB编制程序得到了横向变温作用下三边简支一边自由矩形薄板的计算系数用表,为工程结构中三边简支一边自由混凝土矩形薄板在热环境下的设计计算提供了理论依据.     

基于均匀荷载面曲率的简支裂纹梁损伤识别

为了采用模态参数对结构裂纹进行定位与定量,基于集中柔度模型,采用无质量的扭转弹簧模拟裂纹,建立简支裂纹梁的振动微分方程。针对现有柔度曲率指标仅能判断裂纹的大致范围,基于线性插值理论,建立裂纹位置与相邻测点均匀荷载面曲率差的关系,提出裂纹进一步定位公式,实现裂纹位置的精确定位。针对现有大多数损伤识别方法无法实现裂纹的损伤定量,基于位移曲率与结构刚度和弯矩的关系,理论推导了均匀荷载面曲率的结构刚度损伤程度识别方法,基于弹簧串联原理和线刚度思想,首次提出串联等效线刚度模型,建立裂纹深度与均匀荷载面曲率的关系,实现裂纹深度的定量。通过简支裂纹梁数值算例,考虑多裂纹的损伤情况,验证了新方法对裂纹定位与定量的有效性。