Pd／C催化剂用于苯胺氧化羰基化

研究了催化剂制备条件、助催化剂对负载型Ｐｄ／Ｃ催化剂性能的影响及氧分压、原料苯胺中硝基苯的加入对苯胺氧化羰基化反应的影响；用Ｘ光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）、程序升温还原（ＴＰＲ）和现场红外（ＩＲ）表征钯催化剂；根据实验结果提出在Ｐｄ／Ｃ－ＮａＩ催化剂体系、醇介质中，苯胺氧化羰基化可能的反应机理．     

微量吸附量热技术研究Pd-Cu/SiO2的表面吸附

应用微量吸附量热技术研究了室温Ｈ２,ＣＯ,Ｏ２和Ｃ２Ｈ４在ｍ（Ｐｄ）／ｍ（ＳｉＯ２）＝２％,ｍ（Ｐｄ,Ｃｕ）／ｍ（ＳｉＯ２）「ｎ（Ｐｄ）／ｎ（Ｃｕ）＝１／１」＝２％,ｍ（Ｐｄ,Ｃｕ）／ｍ（ＳｉＯ２）「ｎ（Ｐｄ）／ｎ（Ｃｕ＝１／４」＝２％和ｍ（Ｃｕ）／ｍ（ＳｉＯ２）＝８％催化剂表面的吸附性能,并考察了Ｏ２对Ｃ２Ｈ４吸附性能的影响,结果表明,Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／ＳｉＯ２具有与Ｐｄ／ＳｉＯ２数量相近的表面Ｐｄ原子,加入Ｃｕ可使Ｐｄ对Ｈ２和ＣＯ的强吸附位数目相对减少,弱吸附位数目相对增加Ｐｄ增加了Ｈ２在Ｃｕ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂表面的吸附量,加速了Ｏ２在Ｃｕ表面的吸附速率,Ｐｄ原子和Ｃｕ原子在Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／ＳｉＯ２混合均匀且分散良好,乙烯在Ｐｄ／ＳｉＯ２表面吸附有乙川,ｄｉ－σ和π吸附态。Ｃｕ的加入可抑制乙类在Ｐｄ表面吸附氧发生氧化反     

甲醇羰基化制醋酸镍基双金属催化剂的研究

在ＮｉＣ催化剂中分别添加了九种不同的金属组分,在加压和碘甲烷助剂的存在下考察了第二金属组分及含量对甲醇羰基化反应性能的影响。结果表明：分别添加Ｐｄ、Ｍｏ、Ｌａ三种组分可不同程度地提高ＮｉＣ催化剂的羰基化活性,其中以Ｐｄ的效果最佳,Ｎｉ和Ｐｄ之间存在着明显的相互作用。Ｐｄ含量为１％时,羰基化活性达到最高,甲醇转化率和醋酸收率分别为９２４０％和４９７３％。Ｎｉ－ＰｄＣ双金属催化剂的活性中心主要为Ｎｉ０,还有少量Ｐｄ０存在,Ｐｄ能够显著促进ＮｉＯ的还原,这可能是氢溢流现象所致     

甲醇燃料车尾气净化催化剂的研究Ⅱ.负载钯催化剂对甲醇低温深度氧化性能的研究

利用色谱微反联用技术对负载钯催化剂上甲醇、甲醛的深度氧化进行了较全面的研究。结果表明：Ｐｄ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂对甲醇氧化具有很高的转化效率和一定的深度氧化活性。以（ＮＨ４）２ＰｄＣｌ４为浸渍液、还原气氛下焙烧所得的０．１％Ｐｄ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３性能最好，当进气Ｏ２／ＣＨ３ＯＨ比为６、并无ＣＯ存在时，其Ｔ５０、Ｔ９５分别为９０℃、２００℃，生成甲醛的最高转化率为１７％左右。另外，反应原料气组分如Ｏ２、ＣＯ等也将严重影响Ｐｄ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３对甲醇氧化的活性及选择性。     

水溶性钯－膦配合物催化1－己烯加氢反应研究

研究了水溶性钯－膦配合物ＰｄＣｌ２（ＴＰＰＴＳ）２催化１－己烯加氢反应，考察了两相催化体系中添加表面活性剂ＣＴＡＢ，膦配体ＴＰＰＴＳ，以及溶液ｐＨ值等对反应的影响，证明了１－己烯加氢反应中有一诱导期．反应中涉及两种催化活性物种．一种是由ＰｄＣｌ２（ＴＰＰＴＳ）２还原生成的低氧化态催化物种，它在一定的ＣＴＡＢ浓度下，可以保持相当的稳定性．另一种是被ＴＰＰＴＳ或Ｈ２还原形成的钯黑．根据ＰｄＣｌ２和ＴＰＰＴＳ反应过程的３１ＰＮＭＲ研究，对ＰｄＣｌ２（ＴＰＰＴＳ）２分子中Ｐｄ被还原和ＴＰＰＴＳ被氧化提出了解释     

苯酚氧化羰化合成碳酸二苯酯的新型PdCl2-Co(Pyca)2催化体系

研究了新型的Ｐｄ－Ｃｏ催化体系催化氧化碳化苯酚合成碳酸二苯酯。当ｎ（ＰｄＣｌ２）：ｎ「Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）」：ｎ（四丁基化铵）：ｎ（苯醌）＝１：１：１０：２５,Ｔ＝１２０,Ｐ＝２．５ＭＰａ（Ｐｃｏ／Ｐｏ２＝４：１）,反应时间８ｈ,ＰｄＣｌ２－Ｃｏ（Ｐｙｃａ）２比ＰｄＣｌ２－Ｃｏ（ＯＡｃ）２的催化活性高。当使用ＰｄＣｌ２－Ｃｏ（Ｐｙｃａ）２催化剂时,ＤＰＣ的产率为６．０３％。最佳的反应温度是１２０℃,ＤＰＣ的产率随着体系的总压增加而增大,当压力升到３．５ＭＰａ时,ＤＰＣ产率为８．５３％。     

高分子锚定的钯催化剂催化合成丁烯酸

在聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（ＰＶＰ）锚定的钯催化剂（ＰＶＰ－ＰｄＣｌ２）上，考察了各种反应参数对烯丙基卤化物常压羰基化反应的影响．在甲苯／ＮａＯＨ水溶液介质中，４０℃时的最大催化活性ＴＯＦｍａｘ可达１１５（佛丙基氯）和１６３（烯丙基溴）ｍｏｌＣＯ／ｍｏｌＰｄ．ｍｉｎ，生成丁烯酸的产率分别为８６％和９３％，其中β，γ－丁烯酸的选择性高于９３％．本方法提供了一条由烯两基由化物合成β，γ－丁烯酸可行的途径．     

甲醇气相氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯的研究：Ⅱ助剂对催化性能的影响

考察了碱金属助剂对ＰｄＣｌ２－ＣｕＣｌ２／ＡＣ催化剂上甲醇气相氧化羰基化直接合成碳酸二甲酯反应性能的影响及助剂的作用。结果表明：采用不同碱金属助剂时的碳酸二甲酯收率顺序为Ｋ〉Ｎａ〉Ｌｉ；ＫＯＡｃ助剂的主要作用是与ＰｄＣｌ２、ＣｕＣｌ２发生化学反应，促进催化活性位的形成；ＫＯＡｃ为助剂母体的效果明显好于ＫＣｌ母体；Ｋ助剂的最佳含量为２～３ｗ％；在反应温度Ｔ＝１５２℃，进料气体空速和液体空速分别为１４     

ZrO2载体上Pd,Ag,Co催化剂用于甲烷完全氧化反应的研究

用浸渍法制备了Ｐｄ／ＺｒＯ２、Ａｇ／ＺｒＯ２和Ｃｏ／ＺｒＯ２等催化剂用一完全氧化反应。实验表明,对Ｐｄ／ＺｒＯ２催化剂,焙烧温度对共催化生影响很大,最佳焙烧温度为２８０℃。对Ｐｄ／ＺｒＯ２催化剂,最佳Ｐｄ负一为１０Ｗ％。随总流量增大,甲烷论率下随Ｏ２／ＣＨ４进料比减小,甲烷转化率下降。其它负载型金属催化剂如Ａｇ,Ｃｏ等用于甲烷氧化反应中具有一定的活性,但活性低于Ｐｄ。Ｐｄ－Ｃｏ双金属催化剂可望是理     

甲醇气相氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯的研究Ⅰ.催化剂制备及反应性能

制备了甲醇气相氧化羰基化催化合成碳酸二甲酯催化剂，在常压固定床反应装置上评价了其反应性能。考察了助剂和载体的影响。结果表明：负载在活性炭载体上的单一金属氯化物催化剂的活性相当低，而双金属氯化物催化剂ＰｄＣｌ２ＣｕＣｌ２／ＡＣ可明显提高碳酸二甲酯的产率。不同的活性炭载体显著地影响反应活性。碱性助剂Ｋ、Ｍｇ能大幅度增加碳酸二甲酯的时空收率和对ＣＯ的选择性，但必需是以乙酸盐的形式加入。ＰｄＣｌ２ＣｕＣｌ２ＣＨ３ＣＯＯＫ／ＡＣ催化剂在１３０℃时碳酸二甲酯的收率最高为２１７．０ｍｇ／ｍｌｃａｔ．ｈ。     

High‐Performance RuCl3 Catalyst Systems for Hydro‐Esterification of Methyl Formate and Ethylene

RuCl₃ catalyst system has many advantages for the hydro‐esterification of methyl formate and ethylene to methyl propionate. However, the unsatisfied performance restricts the development of this route. In this work, high‐performance RuCl₃ catalyst systems (RuCl₃‐[PPN]Cl‐Et₄NI and RuCl₃‐NaI) are firstly reported for this reaction. In RuCl₃‐[PPN]Cl‐Et₄NI catalyst system, the conversion of methyl formate and the selectivity to methyl propionate are 93.9% and 90.9% at mild reaction conditions (165°C, 2.5 MPa), respectively. Noticeably, a simple inorganic RuCl₃‐NaI catalyst system achieves 88.8% conversion of methyl formate and 97.6% selectivity to methyl propionate (86.7% yield) at same conditions. NaI, as a promoter, may inhibit the decomposition of methyl formate and be conducive to the formation of methyl propionate. The effects of solvents and promoters are investigated in detail. In addition, the reaction mechanism has been also analyzed. It is hoped to lay a certain foundation for further industrial application.     

甲醇直接气相羰基化Mo／C催化剂

为了“优化燃料资源，创建能源化工体系”，开展甲醇下游产品的研究是当今燃料化工的重要内容之一。７０年代初美国Ｍｏｎｓａｎｔｏ开发的Ｒｈ－Ⅰ催化体系使甲醇液相羰基化制醋酸大规模工业化，由于该体系采用昂贵紧缺的金属铑，催化剂需精心回收；并且由于需要大量碘化...     

5-甲基-3-硝甲基己酸乙酯的合成

以异戊醛和膦酰乙酸三乙酯为原料,1,8-二氮杂二环［5,4,0］十一碳-7-烯(DBU)为催化剂,碘化钠为磷酸酯碳负离子稳定助剂,经Horner-Wadsworth Emmons反应合成了5-甲基-2-己烯酸乙酯(3),收率90%;仍以DBU为催化剂,3与硝基甲烷经Michael加成反应合成5-甲基-3-硝甲基己酸乙酯,收率98%,两步总收率88.2%,其结构经¹H NMR和IR确证。     

助剂对Ru/C催化剂的表面性质及氨合成催化性能的影响

以碱金属、碱土金属硝酸盐作为助剂前体，活性炭为载体制备了系列负载型钌催化剂，采用物理吸附、化学吸附和XRD等表征手段，考察了助剂对Ru/C催化剂的比表面、孔分布和钌分散度的影响，并在430 ℃、10.0 MPa和10 000 h－1条件下进行氨合成活性评价。结果表明，单助剂Ru/C催化剂，碱金属助剂的促进作用与其相应氢氧化物碱性变化规律一致，碱土金属助剂的促进作用与其相应氧化物碱性变化规律一致。在同类化合物中，铯和钡均是最有效的助剂，钡比铯具有更强的促进作用。以硝酸钡和硝酸铯制备双助剂Ru/C催化剂，先钡后铯分步浸渍制备钌催化剂的活性不仅明显高于钡、铯共浸渍钌催化剂，而且也高于先铯后钡分步浸渍钌催化剂。     

Palladium‐catalyzed unstrained C(sp3)―N bond activation: the synthesis of N,N‐dimethylacetamide by carbonylation of trimethylamine

This work describes a highly efficient unstrained C(sp³)―N bond activation approach for synthesis of N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc) via catalytic carbonylation of trimethylamine using a PdCl₂/bipy (bipy = 2,2′‐bipyridine)/Me₄NI catalyst system. A low Pd catalyst dosage (1.0 mol%) is sufficient for high selectivity (98.1%) and yield (90.8%), with a turnover number (TON) of 90.0 mmol of DMAc obtained per mmol of PdCl₂ employed under mild reaction conditions. The influence of reaction parameters such as catalyst precursor dosage, ligand type and promoter on activity is investigated. This work also discusses in detail the halide promoter's role in the reaction, and provides a plausible mechanism based on the intermediates methyl iodide and acetyl iodide. Analyses indicate that the carbonylation of trimethylamine may proceed through an active intermediate acetyl iodide formed by carbonylation of methyl iodide generated from the decomposition of the promoter Me₄NI under reaction conditions. The formation of acetyl iodide favors the cleaving efficiency of the inert unstrained C(sp³)―N bond of trimethylamine. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

锰助剂对Co／ZrO2超细催化剂F—T合成性能的影响

制备了以气凝胶超细ＺｒＯ２为载体的Ｃｏ／ＺｒＯ２及Ｃｏ－ＭＺｒＯ２催化剂；考察了Ｍｎ助剂对Ｃｏ／ＺｒＯ２催化剂结构、织构１还手、Ｈ２脱附及Ｆ－Ｔ合成性能的影响。结果表明，１５％Ｃｏ－４．７％Ｍｎ／ＺｒＯ２是合成重质烃（Ｃ２）的合适催化剂，每立方米合成气的Ｃ５收率可达１５０ｇ。     

Potentiometric investigations of carbonate ion stability in molten cesium and sodium iodides

The reaction of carbonate ion dissociation in molten CsI and NaI was studied in the temperature range from the melting point to 800 (CsI) and 830 degrees C (NaI) by a potentiometric method with the use of a membrane oxygen electrode as an indicator one. The dissociation constant of CO(3)(2-) in the molten iodides was found to increase with the temperature. pK values for CsI are 4.47 (650 degrees C), 4.23 (700 degrees C), 3.89 (750 degrees C), 3.44 (800 degrees C); those for NaI are 4.68 (700 degrees C), 4.39 (750 degrees C), 4.17 (800 degrees C), 3.92 (830 degrees C). The plots of pK vs reverse temperature are linear. Carbonate stability in molten CsI is lower than that in the NaI due to lower stability of Cs(2)CO(3) compared with Na(2)CO(3).     

Ni对Pd/Al2O3密偶催化剂催化性能的影响

考察了助剂Ni对以改性氧化铝为载体的单Pd密偶催化剂的影响.结果表明,掺杂Ni可以明显改善对C3H8的催化性能,尤其对老化催化剂效果显著.此外, Ni的添加使老化催化剂Pd/Al2O3的起燃温度(T50)和完全转化温度(T90)分别降低31和30oC.单反应测试结果表明,添加Ni能明显提高对C3H8+ NO反应的催化性能.采用H2程序升温还原、CO吸附、高倍透射电镜和X射线光电子能谱等手段对新鲜和老化催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,掺杂Ni不仅可以抑制活性组分PdOx的烧结,减少金属态Pd0的产生,而且可以提高PdOx物种的可还原能力和有效比表面积.     

An efficient catalytic system for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate by oxidative carbonylation of glycerol

Glycerol carbonate was synthesized by the oxidative carbonylation of glycerol catalyzed by the commercial Pd/C with the aid of NaI.High conversion of glycerol(82.2%),selectivity to glycerol carbonate(>99%),and TOF(900 h–1)were obtained under the conditions of 5 MPa(pCO:pO2=2:1),140 oC,2 h.The highly active palladium species were generated in situ by dissolution from the carbon support and stabilized by re-deposition onto the support surface after the reaction was finished.Palladium dissolution and re-deposition were crucial and inherent parts of the catalytic cycle,which involved heterogeneous reactions.This Pd/C catalyst could be recycled and efficiently reused for four times with a gradual decrease in activity.Moreover,the influences of various parameters,e.g.,types of catalysts,solvents,additives,reaction temperature,pressure,and time on the conversion of glycerol were investigated.A reaction mechanism was proposed for oxidative carbonylation of glycerol to glycerol carbonate.     

Synthesis of 2-oxazolidinones by salen-Co-complexes catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of β-amino alcohols

2-Oxazolidinones are synthesized in high yield by oxidative carbonylation of β-amino alcohols using salen-Co(II)/NaI or salen-Co(III)-I as a catalyst and using CO as the carbonyl source. Studies of functional group compatibility using a series of substituted salen-Co(II) or salen-Co(III)-I complexes demonstrate a broad tolerance of functionality during the carbonylation reaction.