超声波和Triton X-100对鸟氨酸氨基甲酰转移酶催化活性的影响

鸟氨酸氨基甲酰转移酶(OCT)是鸟氨酸循环合成尿素过程中的一个酶,它特异性地存在于肝脏,是反映肝脏细胞状态的一个有效指标.在肝细胞癌变研究和诱导肝癌细胞恶性表型逆转时,选用该酶作为重要酶学指标之一[1].在逆转实验测定酶活性时,一般采用超声波粉碎法破碎细胞,另外,有些生化指标如γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)主要与膜结合,须用Triton X-100进行抽提,这些处理可能会对OCT催化活性造成一定影响.本文分别用超声波和Triton X-100处理肝匀浆,观察两者对OCT活性的影响,为肝癌细胞恶性表型逆转试验的酶学测定提供参考.     

生物表面活性剂胆汁盐胶束化及相行为

生物表面活性剂胆汁盐类以其在生物体内重要的生理功能及不同于传统表面活性剂独特的结构特点在众多领域引起了广泛的关注。本文对国内外关于胆汁盐类表面活性剂的胶束结构、表面吸附行为及胆汁盐在水溶液中的聚集体行为的研究成果进行了综述。同时,对胆汁盐与传统表面活性剂、双尾表面活性剂及天然脂类表面活性剂的相互作用以及聚集体的形成、胆汁盐诱导聚集体结构转变等方面的研究成果也进行了综述。     

C_（12）C_6C_（12）Br_2/C_（12）E_（10）混合表面活性剂与DNA之间的相互作用

本文以构建有效的非病毒基因载体为目的,研究了C12C6C12Br2/C12E10混合表面活性剂组成对其与DNA之间相互作用的影响,并对混合表面活性剂与DNA形成的聚集体结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明,当固定混合表面活性剂的总浓度为1.0 mmol/L时,混合表面活性剂组成的改变会引起混合体系浊度、聚集体表面电荷和聚集体...     

正常人眼角膜上皮细胞的原子力显微镜观察

应用原子力显微镜(AFM)在单细胞水平上分析了人眼角膜上皮细胞的形貌和机械性质,为进一步探讨人眼角膜上皮细胞结构与功能的关系奠定了基础.将体外培养的人眼角膜上皮细胞用2.5%戊二醛固定,空气中干燥后用原子力显微镜进行观察.从AFM形貌图可知,细胞呈长梭形,膜表面布满颗粒状物质,由AFM附带软件IP2.1的线分析及面分析功能,得到细胞膜表面结构的几何参数,包括高低差Rp-v、均方根粗糙度Rq、平均粗糙度Ra、平均高度Meant Ht.利用AFM高空间分辨的力位移曲线测量系统,可得出细胞膜的粘弹力、硬度和杨氏模量.AFM能对人眼角膜上皮细胞表面的超微结构清晰地成像并提供更多更确切的表面信息,从另一层面增加对眼角膜上皮细胞的认识.     

带相反电荷高分子和表面活性剂复合物膜在空气/水界面上的特性

利用原子力显微镜技术、表面压松弛法对带相反电荷高分子和表面活性剂在气/水界面形成的界面复合物膜进行了特性研究.原子力显微镜研究结果表明,部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)/十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)所形成的界面复合物膜呈现出“团”状聚集体形貌.两性聚丙烯酰胺与CTAB形成的界面复合物膜呈现出“纤维丝”的聚集体形貌.亚相中盐的存在对界面复合物的形貌有很大影响.表面压松弛实验则进一步表明界面复合物膜形貌结构的变化对其膜稳定性有直接的影响.     

鼠肝星状细胞体内与体外激活的显微拉曼光谱

采用密度梯度离心法从肝组织中分离、提纯肝星状细胞, 进行常规细胞鉴定后, 通过体外培养诱导肝星状细胞体外活化, 在不同的时间点上进行原位拉曼光谱表征; 通过一次性腹腔注射CCl4诱导鼠急性肝损伤, 取不同的时间点的肝损伤组织做拉曼光谱表征, 并以肝组织的光谱变化来间接反映肝星状细胞的体内活化. 结果表明, 用拉曼光谱能快速、 灵敏地监测肝星状细胞体内和体外活化过程中的分子变化, 可为肝纤维化的早期诊断提供依据.     

胆酸盐与Gemini表面活性剂复合物构建的纳米纤维和囊泡

Gemini表面活性剂(Cs H2s-α,ω-(Me2N+Cm H2m+1Br-)2,m-s-m)与胆汁酸盐(BS)利用静电作用构建超分子复合物,通过改变m-s-m和BS的结构,可以分别得到纳米纤维和囊泡状超分子聚集体.聚集体的形貌、结构和性质分别通过偏光显微镜(POM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)及其它测试手段进行了表征.研究发现,通过改变m-s-m的烷基链长和间隔基团的长度,以及BS胆甾骨架上羟基的数目和位置,聚集体的形貌会发生明显的变化,聚集体主要依靠静电相互作用,并在疏水作用及氢键的协同作用下形成,本文的结果将有助于更好地理解离子自组装机理,并对超分子聚集体的设计提供新的思路.     

肝硬化与层粘素过度表达的研究

用CCl_4诱发大鼠肝纤维化,检测不同期大鼠血清和肝组织匀浆中层粘素(Laminin,LN)的含量,用免疫组化法观察LN在肝脏内的沉积。结果表明,血清LN水平在反映肝组织渐进性损伤方面较之肝内LN含量理想;肝内LN含量在肝受损晚期升高,与免疫组化结果平行。检测不同肝病患者血清LN含量,肝硬化LN水平明显高于正常人和非硬化患者;免疫组化观察慢性肝病和肝硬化患者肝内LN分布,结果以后者LN沉积为多。体外培养大鼠肝细胞,研究LN对细胞的增殖和胶原合成的影响,提示生理血清浓度的LN对肝细胞代谢无明显影响,高浓度时抑制其DNA及胶原的合成。提示肝硬化时LN合成明显增加,血清LN水平是判断肝脏活动性损伤和纤维化进程的良好指标,可适于肝硬化的早期诊断。肝内LN大量沉积,预示肝损伤发展至晚期肝硬化,同时大量增多的LN对肝细胞进一步合成胶原有负反馈抑制作用。     

肝靶向海藻酸钠载药纳米粒的细胞毒性研究

本研究将具有肝靶向性分子甘草次酸（GA）偶联在具有生物相容性和生物可降解性的天然高分子海藻酸钠（ALG）上,合成了甘草次酸改性的海藻酸钠（GA—ALG）;对广谱抗癌药物阿霉素（DOX）进行包封,制备了肝靶向载药纳米粒,并考察了GA—ALG载药纳米粒的体外释药性能和对肝癌细胞的抑制作用．利用核磁、红外和元素分析技术对GA—ALG结构和GA取代度进行了表征;对GA—ALG载药纳米粒的形貌、粒径、表面Zeta电位等进行了测定,结果显示纳米粒具有较规则球形结构,其水合粒径为（214±11）nm．GA—ALG载药纳米粒在模拟生理条件下（pH7．4）可持续释药长达20天;MTT结果显示GA-ALG载药纳米粒对7703肝癌细胞的具有明显的杀伤作用．     

稀溶液中Rod-Coil-Rod三嵌段共聚物组装结构的耗散粒子动力学模拟（英文）

采用耗散粒子动力学方法模拟研究了rod-coil-rod三嵌段共聚物在稀溶液中的聚集行为.分别考察了rod-coil嵌段的相互作用、溶剂性质、共聚物浓度以及coil嵌段长度对聚集体形貌的影响.模拟结果发现,随着rod-coil相互排斥作用的增加,共聚物由球形转变成洋葱状、笼形和柱状结构.随着coil嵌段疏水性的增加,笼形转变成洋葱状和补丁状结构.给出了聚集体形貌随共聚物浓度和coil长度变化的相图.当浓度较小和coil嵌段较长时,共聚物形成笼状聚集体,反之,则有利于洋葱状结构的形成.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.