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1.
杨平辉  孙巍  胡思  陈忠仁 《化学进展》2014,26(7):1107-1119
近年来,随着纳米技术的发展及Pickering乳液在食品、化妆品、医药等领域中的应用,纳米粒子的界面自组装现象引起了人们的广泛关注。界面能的降低是纳米粒子液液界面自组装的主要驱动力。通过改变纳米粒子的尺寸和表面配体的化学性质,可控制纳米粒子的界面自组装行为。本文综述了不同类型纳米粒子实现界面自组装的研究工作,包括均质纳米粒子、Janus纳米粒子、棒状纳米粒子以及生物纳米粒子。最后,对纳米粒子的界面组装这一领域的可能发展做了展望。  相似文献   

2.
制备纳米粒子组装体系是构筑纳米结构的重要方法之一,本文综述了纳米粒子组装体系的制备方法及其性质和应用研究。  相似文献   

3.
纳米粒子的控制生长和自组装研究进展   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
由于在纳米器件上潜在应用,通过化学方法控制的纳米粒子生长,以及纳米粒子自组装的一维、二维和三维点阵受到人们的广泛关注。本文介绍来近年来纳米粒子的控制生长和组装研究的现状。主要探讨了有机稳定剂对纳米粒子形状和尺寸控制的影响。含配位基团和长链烷烃的有机化合物不但可以用控制纳米粒子生长的稳定剂,而且可以用作纳米粒子自组装的模板剂。  相似文献   

4.
近年来,高分子修饰金纳米粒子的自组装行为逐渐成为新的研究热点. 当金纳米粒子修饰上高分子后,在维持其自身光电特性的同时展现出了与高分子类似的自组装行为,从而能够在适当的条件下形成结构明确的零维、一维、二维和三维自组装结构. 这些自组装结构的出现不仅促进了金纳米粒子组装的基础研究,并且极大地丰富了金纳米粒子的应用潜力,为金/高分子纳米复合材料的发展开拓了新的方向. 本文总结了金/高分子纳米复合粒子形成的不同维度组装体,着重讨论了金纳米粒子自组装构筑单元的设计、组装方法以及组装体的性质,分类讨论了相应的自组装材料在环境和生物医药中的应用,并展望了相关研究在未来发展的机遇与挑战.  相似文献   

5.
纳米粒子的自组装作为自下而上构筑纳米组装结构的简便且高效的策略而受到广泛关注,但在组装结构的精准性、多样性以及可操控性等方面仍面临较大的挑战.纳米粒子的程序化自组装是指特定的纳米粒子基元按照预先编好的程序自发排列成位置和取向等空间排列方式受到精准调控的组装结构,其更强调任意构筑一系列符合预先设定结构的多种形式纳米粒子组装体.本文总结了应用于纳米粒子程序化自组装的四类常用策略,即类原子成键、区域选择性修饰、模板引导和物理场调控,着重评述了近年来该领域的一些重要进展,并对纳米粒子程序化自组装的未来发展做了展望.  相似文献   

6.
马世营  汪蓉 《高分子学报》2016,(8):1030-1041
嵌段共聚物和纳米粒子复合纳米材料具有优异的性能,在生物医药、光电材料、催化材料等领域具有很大的应用价值,已成为备受关注的研究热点.利用嵌段共聚物自组装能够形成特定形态的纳米结构聚集体,将纳米粒子选择性的分布和定位于嵌段共聚物聚集体中,可以改善纳米粒子的性能及其应用.本文综述了近年来实验上利用自组装制备嵌段共聚物-纳米粒子复合纳米材料的方法,并总结分析了影响纳米粒子在嵌段共聚物聚集体中的分布和定位的各种因素,包括纳米粒子的大小、形状及其表面化学.最后总结了嵌段共聚物-纳米粒子的自组装在理论模拟方面的研究.  相似文献   

7.
田明 《高分子学报》2001,18(5):639-644
提出了以具有纳米尺寸孔径及孔壁厚度的MCM-48作为无机基体、以无机-有机原位自组装的方法形成纳米网络粒子.研究结果表明,在一定实验条件下,有机相可进入无机相的三维孔道自组装形成立方有序结构的纳米网络复合粒子.通过研究纳米网络粒子在极性介质和非极性介质中的分散发现,有机相的存在有利于纳米网络粒子的分散.  相似文献   

8.
聚苯胺纳米粒子的反胶束法合成及自组装   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
邢双喜  褚莹  隋晓萌 《应用化学》2004,21(12):1315-0
聚苯胺纳米粒子的反胶束法合成及自组装;聚苯胺;纳米粒子;反胶束;自组装  相似文献   

9.
用L-苯丙氨酸乙酯(L-Phe)改性透明质酸(HA)双亲性生物大分子(HA-Phe)负载生物活性分子木瓜蛋白酶(papain),HA-Phe和Papain通过静电、氢键和疏水相互作用自组装形成生物基Papain/HA-Phe复合纳米粒子.用动态光散射(DLS)和透射电镜(TEM)对复合纳米粒子的尺寸和形貌进行表征.结果显示,形成的复合纳米粒子为球形结构,粒径约308 nm.以此复合纳米粒子为颗粒乳化剂稳定白油,形成水包油型Pickering乳液.乳液的扫描电镜(SEM)显示,复合纳米粒子吸附在油水界面,形成复合纳米粒子的吸附层以稳定乳液.详细研究了pH和盐浓度对复合纳米粒子性质和复合纳米粒子乳化性能的影响.结果表明,随着pH增加,复合纳米粒子在油滴表面的吸附数目减少,乳化性能降低;随着盐浓度增加,复合纳米粒子的形变能力增强,乳化性能提高.进一步研究了乳液中木瓜蛋白酶的活性及美白效果.研究表明,制备的乳液保留了一定的活性,且具有一定的美白效果.  相似文献   

10.
袁建军  翟锦  江雷 《化学进展》2004,16(4):500-507
本文主要综述了基于特定分子设计的有机大分子导向下的无机纳米粒子的分级有序自组装.可以有效导向无机纳米粒子组织的有机大分子主要包括合成大分子和生物大分子,前者如具有氢键识别功能的大分子、聚电解质、嵌段大分子、树枝状大分子;后者如DNA、糖类以及蛋白质.所涉及的无机纳米粒子通常需要通过单层修饰使之与特定的大分子具有识别功能,或者设计表面带有正或负电荷使之与带有负或正电荷的大分子相互识别.该领域的研究在先进功能材料及仿生材料方面具有重要意义.  相似文献   

11.
    
A simple route to fabricate functional nano-objects via self-assembly of block copolymer-based hybrid materials is described. In water–toluene mixtures, spheres, rod-like morphologies, and ring-like morphologies as well as vesicles of metal loaded block copolymers micelles are fabricated. The concept is generic to realize different functionalities by incorporating various inorganic components (Au, Ag, Pt, Co…) into the block copolymer matrix. A mechanism describing the formation of micellar aggregates with different morphologies is presented based on a simple force balance approach. Moreover, the composition of the solvent mixture is modified to gain control over the morphology of micellar aggregates. It was found that swelling of the micelle core with a selective cosolvent is the driving force to induce morphology transitions from spherical to rod- and ring-like structures as well as vesicles. These nano-objects can be further used as building blocks to construct well-defined structures via self-assembly in spin coated thin films. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1642–1650, 2010  相似文献   

12.
    
Summary: Polymersomes are self assembled vesicles composed of fully synthetic amphiphilic diblock copolymers. Many of their properties are similar to lipid vesicles, although with often higher thermal and mechanical stability within their curved membrane. Incorporation of nanosized objects into their hydrophilic interior or hydrophobic membrane represents an important method for functionalization of these biomimetic structures. We report on the embedding of hydrophobic gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) into polymersomes. Nanoparticles were prepared and incorporated into polymersomes made by standard film rehydration techniques from commercially available diblock copolymers. Characterization of the resulting structures was achieved by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and by TEM. Results on the preparation method, its influence on the polymersome stability and the application of these new membrane-mimetics are reported.  相似文献   

13.
LbL层层纳米自组装法制备新型微胶囊*   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
本文介绍了一种新颖、灵活的制备纳米或微米胶囊方法--层层纳米自组装法(LbL)。LbL法制备微胶囊的显著优越性在于能够在纳米尺度上对胶囊的大小、组成、结构、形态和囊壁厚度进行精确的控制.这种新型的微胶囊在生化、制药、药物控释、化妆品和催化等领域具有潜在的应用前景。  相似文献   

14.
    
Nanoparticles sized tens of nm with not only a highly complex but also a highly regular nanostructure, although ubiquitous in nature, are very difficult to prepare artificially. Herein, we report efficient solution‐based preparation of narrow‐disperse ABC three‐segment hierarchical nanoparticles (HNPs) with a size of tens of nm through a three‐level hierarchical self‐assembly of A‐b‐B‐b‐C triblock copolymers in solution. An ABC HNP is composed of three nanoparticles, A, B, and C that are linearly connected; in the ABC HNP, the B nanoparticle is sandwiched between the A and C nanoparticles. The method for the preparation is highly efficient, because all of the A‐b‐B‐b‐C chains in the solution are converted into the ABC HNPs. Furthermore, the ABC HNPs self‐assembled into Θ‐shaped HNPs tens nm in size. Both the ABC and Θ‐shaped HNPs, are highly complex but highly regular, and are novel HNPs, and they should be very promising for addressing various theoretical and practical problems.  相似文献   

15.
Zirconia nanoparticles were synthesized via hydrothermal method without any additives. This work focuses on the effect of preparation conditions1 such as the precursor preparation condition and crystallization time of nanocrystallite in autoclave on the properties of as-prepared products. The results indicated that the amount of tetragonal zirconia varied with the preparation conditions. It increased with the increase of the concentration of KOH solution in precursor producing process and reduced with the prolongation of crystallization time. At the same time, the particle size and morphology were also affected by the preparation conditions. In addition, the self-assembled spindle- like aggregates were observed in present works.  相似文献   

16.
Calix[4]resorcinarene-derived surfactants are highly effectiveat stabilizing metal nanoparticles of different sizes, creating opportunities tofabricate well-defined nanostructures with size-tunable materials properties. Theresorcinarenes have a critical role in the dispersion of nanoparticles under varioussolvent conditions and in the robustness of the protective surfactant layer.Magnetic cobalt particles stabilized by resorcinarenes self-assemble intonanostructured ``bracelets' in toluene. Resorcinarene surfactants can also promote theself-organization of gold nanoparticles as large as 170 nm into two-dimensional arrays. Thesenanostructured films possess novel optoelectronic properties such as surface-enhancedRaman scattering (SERS), and are expected to have useful applications for chemical sensing.  相似文献   

17.
马琳  张磊  武国华  李龙 《化学教育》2017,38(16):1-9
纳米材料可以通过自组装技术可控地形成具有不同空间结构的材料,该技术使其及其自组装体在多种生化物质(如蛋白质、多肽、DNA等)和金属离子的超灵敏检测中具有重要应用。本文对基于半导体量子点、贵金属纳米材料和碳基纳米材料自组装体系的传感器在生化分析中的应用进行了总结。  相似文献   

18.
    
An easy pathway to synthesize a variety of cupric oxide (CuO) nanoshapes by a one-step wet chemical method is reported. CuO nanoparticles and nanorods were obtained from CuCl2 in a mixture of water and DMSO in the absence of a base at room temperature. 1-D CuO nanostructures resembling wires inside tubes, or nanopea pods, were shaped when polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers of generation 2 (16-NH2 end groups) or 2.5 (32-COO? end groups) were added to the CuO colloids. The evolution in time of the different nanostructures was followed by UV–visible spectroscopy. The XRD patterns, Raman spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy show clear evidence that all nanoshapes obtained in this work are composed by CuO. This method is a simple, versatile, and economical alternative for the fabrication of CuO nanostructures and might provide a practical reference for the controlled synthesis of other nanoarchitectures.  相似文献   

19.
无规-类接枝共聚物(SFG)由大分子单体-己内酯改性丙烯酸酯(FA)、亲油性单体苯乙烯和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)共聚所得,SFG与聚苯乙烯在甲醇溶液中进行自组装,形成核壳结构纳米胶束,进一步对PGMA壳进行化学交联。最终得到具有核壳结构的纳米微球。动态激光光散射和透射电子显微镜表征结果显示SFG自组装形成了窄分布的纳米微球,微球粒径在100~200nm之间。  相似文献   

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