Catalytic enantioselective intermolecular cycloaddition of 2-diazo-3,6-diketoester-derived carbonyl ylides with alkynes and styrenes using chiral dirhodium(II) carboxylates

Dirhodium(II) tetrakis[ N-tetrachlorophthaloyl-( S)- tert-leucinate], Rh 2( S-TCPTTL) 4, is an exceptionally effective catalyst for enantioselective tandem carbonyl ylide formation-cycloaddition reactions of 2-diazo-3,6-diketoesters with arylacetylene, alkoxyacetylene, and styrene dipolarophiles, providing cycloadducts in good to high yields and with enantioselectivities of up to 99% ee as well as with perfect exo diastereoselectivity for styrenes.     

Catalytic enantioselective amination of silyl enol ethers using chiral dirhodium(II) carboxylates: asymmetric formal synthesis of (-)-metazocine

Dirhodium(II) tetrakis[N-tetrafluorophthaloyl-(S)-tert-leucinate], Rh2(S-TFPTTL)4, is an exceptionally efficient catalyst for enantioselective aminations of silyl enol ethers derived from acyclic ketones or alpha,beta-enones with [N-(2-nitrophenylsulfonyl)imino]phenyliodinane (NsN=IPh), providing N-(2-nitrophenylsulfonyl)-alpha-amino ketones in high yields and with enantioselectivities of up to 95% ee. The effectiveness of the present catalytic protocol has been demonstrated by an asymmetric formal synthesis of (-)-metazocine.     

Catalytic enantioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with vinyl sulfones

[reaction: see text] A general protocol for the enantioselective catalytic 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with aryl vinyl sulfones is described. Nearly complete exo selectivity and enantioselectivities up to 85% ee are attained with Cu(CH(3)CN)(4)ClO(4)/Taniaphos as the catalyst system. The resulting enantioenriched 3-sulfonyl cycloadducts are versatile intermediates in the synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines.     

Organocatalytic enantioselective (3+2) cycloaddition using stable azomethine ylides

We have developed a highly efficient procedure for carrying out the catalytic enantioselective (3+2) cycloaddition between enals and stable azomethine ylides such as isoquinolinium and phthalizinium methylides. Under the optimized reaction conditions highly substituted chiral pyrroloisoquinolines and pyrrolophthalazines have been obtained in high yields and excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities.     

Axially chiral BINIM and Ni(II)-catalyzed highly enantioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of azomethine ylides and N-arylmaleimides

Axially chiral BINIM-Ni(II) complexes are effective catalysts in the asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of azomethine ylides and N-arylmaleimides to give the corresponding adducts in good yields and up to 95% enantiomeric excesses.     

exo- and enantioselective cycloaddition of azomethine ylides generated from N-alkylidene glycine esters using chiral phosphine-copper complexes

High diastereo- and enantioselectivities were obtained for the asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides generated from N-alkylideneglycine esters with dipolarophiles using chiral phosphine-copper complexes as catalysts. Whereas the cycloaddition of azomethine ylides catalyzed by metal salts generally afforded endo-adducts as the predominant product, the present method is the first example of an exo-selective cycloaddition. [reaction: see text]     

Dipolar cycloaddition of rhodium-generated carbonyl ylides with p-quinones

[reaction: see text] The dipolar cycloaddition of carbonyl ylides generated by the rhodium-catalyzed decomposition of delta- and epsilon-carbonyl-alpha-diazoketones with p-quinones leads to both C=O and C=C addition products. The product ratio is solvent- and catalyst-dependent and has been optimized to favor formation of either product. The C=C addition products of naphthoquinones are used in the assembly of structures hybridizing the illudin and anthraquinone anticancer agents.     

Rhodium(III)-catalyzed intermolecular cyclization of anilines with sulfoxonium ylides toward indoles

C2-substituted indoles were efficiently prepared with excellent regio-selectivity from N-phenylpyridin-2-amines and sulfoxonium ylides via cascade reaction of C-H alkylation/nucleophilic cyclization.     

Guide to enantioselective dirhodium(II)-catalyzed cyclopropanation with aryldiazoacetates

Catalytic enantioselective methods for the generation of cyclopropanes have been of long standing pharmaceutical interest. Chiral dirhodium(II) catalysts prove to be an effective means for the generation of diverse cyclopropane libraries. Rh₂(R-DOSP)₄ is generally the most effective catalyst for asymmetric intermolecular cyclopropanation of methyl aryldiazoacetates with styrene. Rh₂(S-PTAD)₄ provides high levels of enantioinduction with ortho-substituted aryldiazoacetates. The less-established Rh₂(R-BNP)₄ plays a complementary role to Rh₂(R-DOSP)₄ and Rh₂(S-PTAD)₄ in catalyzing highly enantioselective cyclopropanation of 3-methoxy substituted aryldiazoacetates. Substitution on the styrene has only moderate influence on the asymmetric induction of the cyclopropanation.     

Catalytic enantioselective [3 + 2]-cycloadditions of diazoketone-derived aryl-substituted carbonyl ylides

An evaluation of alpha-aryl-alpha-diazodiones in tandem carbonyl ylide formation-enantioselective [3 + 2]-cycloaddition reactions is described. Such substrates were designed to allow investigation of the electronic characteristics of the dipole upon asymmetric induction. Intramolecular cycloadditions (with a tethered alkene dipolarophile) were found to occur in good to quantitative yields, with a difference in ee exhibited by the two electronically different diazodiones 8 and 9. Intermolecular cycloadditions using diazodiones 12 and 13 with DMAD and arylacetylenes 16-18 again demonstrated that electronics play a key role in determining the outcome of the cycloaddition reactions. Enantioselectivities of up to 76% were observed.     

High diastereoselectivity in intermolecular carbonyl ylide cycloaddition with aryl aldehyde using methyl diazo(trifluoromethyl)acetate

[reaction: see text] Methyl diazo(trifluoromethyl)acetate undergoes Rh2(OAc)4 catalyzed reaction with aryl aldehyde to form 1,3-dioxolanes bearing a C-4 trifluoromethyl group diastereoselectively in excellent yield.     

Highly enantioselective copper(I)-fesulphos-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides

The catalyst system formed by Cu(CH3CN)4ClO4 and the planar chiral P,S-ligand Fesulphos behaves as a very efficient chiral Lewis acid in the catalytic asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides. This catalyst shows a remarkable reactivity at low catalyst loading (0.5-3 mol %), affording in good yields the endo adducts with exceptional levels of enantioselectivity (up to >99% ee). This catalytic asymmetric procedure has a broad structural scope with regard to both azomethine and dipolarophile substitution. The first examples of catalytic asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with ketimine-derived azomethines are reported.     

Intermolecular rhodium(II)-catalyzed reactions with silicon-substituted carbonyl ylides

[reaction: see text] The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of benzyl 2-trialkylsilyl-2-diazoacetates with various acyclic and cyclic ketones affords novel dioxolanones via silicon-substituted carbonyl ylides in up to 98% yield.     

A new chiral phosphine oxide ligand for enantioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of azomethine ylides

A new set of phosphorus-containing chiral ligands has been synthesized and used with silver(I) for the catalytic asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azomethine ylides. One of these ligands (POFAM6) was found to produce an effective catalyst for the asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azomethine ylides with electron deficient dipolarophiles to form pyrrolidines in up to 97% yield and 89% ee.     

Catalytic enantioselective Michael additions to unsaturated ester derivatives using chiral copper(II) Lewis acid complexes

[formula: see text] Chiral Cu(II) bisoxazoline (box) Lewis acids have been developed as catalysts of the Michael addition of enolsilanes to unsaturated ester derivatives. While enantioselection is stereoregular, the sense of diastereoselection is directly related to thioester enolsilane geometry: (E) enolsilanes give anti adducts and (Z) enolsilanes afford syn adducts. The size of the enolsilane alkylthio substituent directly impacts the magnitude of diastereoselection.     

A mutually pi-facial selective cyclopropanation of chiral enamides using dirhodium(II) carbenoids

A mutually pi-facial selective cyclopropanation of chiral enamides using dirhodium(II) carbenoids is described here. This work illustrates the influence of enamide substituents on stereoselectivity and reveals insights into this cyclopropanation.     

Platinum(II)-catalyzed intermolecular hydroarylation of unactivated alkenes with indoles

Ethylene, alpha-olefins, and vinyl arenes undergo platinum-catalyzed hydroarylation with substituted indoles in moderate to good yield.