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1.
Let , , , , be the usual operators on classes of rings: and for isomorphic and homomorphic images of rings and , , respectively for subrings, direct, and subdirect products of rings. If is a class of commutative rings with identity (and in general of any kind of algebraic structures), then the class is known to be the variety generated by the class . Although the class is in general a proper subclass of the class for many familiar varieties . Our goal is to give an example of a class of commutative rings with identity such that . As a consequence we will describe the structure of two partially ordered monoids of operators.
2.
Janko Marovt 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2006,134(4):1065-1075
Let be a compact Hausdorff space which satisfies the first axiom of countability, let and let , be the set of all continuous functions from to If , ,is a bijective multiplicative map, then there exist a homeomorphism and a continuous map such that for all and for all
3.
Xiaojie Gao S. L. Lee Qiyu Sun 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2006,134(4):1051-1057
A finitely supported sequence that sums to defines a scaling operator on functions a transition operator on sequences and a unique compactly supported scaling function that satisfies normalized with It is shown that the eigenvalues of on the space of compactly supported square-integrable functions are a subset of the nonzero eigenvalues of the transition operator on the space of finitely supported sequences, and that the two sets of eigenvalues are equal if and only if the corresponding scaling function is a uniform -spline.
4.
Brian Osserman 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2006,134(4):989-993
We note that the degeneration arguments given by the author in 2003 to derive a formula for the number of maps from a general curve of genus to with prescribed ramification also yields weaker results when working over the real numbers or -adic fields. Specifically, let be such a field: we see that given , , , and satisfying , there exists smooth curves of genus together with points such that all maps from to can, up to automorphism of the image, be defined over . We also note that the analagous result will follow from maps to higher-dimensional projective spaces if it is proven in the case , , and that thanks to work of Sottile, unconditional results may be obtained for special ramification conditions.
5.
William B. Johnson N. Lovasoa Randrianarivony 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2006,134(4):1045-1050
We show that a Banach space with a normalized symmetric basis behaving like that of () cannot coarsely embed into a Hilbert space.
6.
Francine Meylan 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2006,134(4):1023-1030
Let be a rational proper holomorphic map between the unit ball in and the unit ball in Write where and are holomorphic polynomials, with Recall that the degree of is defined by
deg
In this paper, we give a bound estimate for the degree of improving the bound given by Forstneric (1989). 7.
Michal Misiurewicz Ana Rodrigues 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2005,133(4):1109-1118
The famous problem involves applying two maps: and to positive integers. If is even, one applies , if it is odd, one applies . The conjecture states that each trajectory of the system arrives to the periodic orbit . In this paper, instead of choosing each time which map to apply, we allow ourselves more freedom and apply both and independently of . That is, we consider the action of the free semigroup with generators and on the space of positive real numbers. We prove that this action is minimal (each trajectory is dense) and that the periodic points are dense. Moreover, we give a full characterization of the group of transformations of the real line generated by and .
8.
Gré gory Ginot Gilles Halbout 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2006,134(3):621-630
Let be the Hochschild complex of cochains on and let be the space of multivector fields on . In this paper we prove that given any -structure (i.e. Gerstenhaber algebra up to homotopy structure) on , and any -morphism (i.e. morphism of a commutative, associative algebra up to homotopy) between and , there exists a -morphism between and that restricts to . We also show that any -morphism (i.e. morphism of a Lie algebra up to homotopy), in particular the one constructed by Kontsevich, can be deformed into a -morphism, using Tamarkin's method for any -structure on . We also show that any two of such -morphisms are homotopic.
9.
Mamoru Furuya Hiroshi Niitsuma 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2004,132(11):3189-3193
We introduce the concept of -adic -basis as an extension of the concept of -basis. Let be a regular local ring of prime characteristic and a ring such that . Then we prove that is a regular local ring if and only if there exists an -adic -basis of and is Noetherian.
10.
Madjid Mirzavaziri Mohammad Sal Moslehian 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2006,134(11):3319-3327
Let be a -algebra acting on a Hilbert space , let be a linear mapping and let be a -derivation. Generalizing the celebrated theorem of Sakai, we prove that if is a continuous -mapping, then is automatically continuous. In addition, we show the converse is true in the sense that if is a continuous --derivation, then there exists a continuous linear mapping such that is a --derivation. The continuity of the so-called - -derivations is also discussed.
11.
R. Hind 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2006,134(4):1205-1211
We establish the uniqueness of the symplectic -manifolds which admit low degree symplectic embeddings into . We also discuss the uniqueness of the fundamental group of the complement of such embeddings into arbitrary symplectic -manifolds.
12.
Sergei V. Astashkin Lech Maligranda 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2004,132(10):2929-2938
We show that if is a rearrangement invariant space on that is an interpolation space between and and for which we have only a one-sided estimate of the Boyd index 1/p, 1 < p < \infty$">, then is an interpolation space between and . This gives a positive answer for a question posed by Semenov. We also present the one-sided interpolation theorem about operators of strong type and weak type .
13.
V. Indumathi 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2005,133(5):1441-1449
Let be a proximinal subspace of finite codimension of . We show that is proximinal in and the metric projection from onto is Hausdorff metric continuous. In particular, this implies that the metric projection from onto is both lower Hausdorff semi-continuous and upper Hausdorff semi-continuous.
14.
Hui June Zhu 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2006,134(2):323-331
We prove that for any pair of integers such that or 0$">, there exists a (hyper)elliptic curve over of genus and -rank whose automorphism group consists of only identity and the (hyper)elliptic involution. As an application, we prove the existence of principally polarized abelian varieties over of dimension and -rank such that .
15.
David Schrittesser 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2007,135(4):1213-1222
-absoluteness for forcing means that for any forcing , . `` inaccessible to reals' means that for any real , . To measure the exact consistency strength of `` -absoluteness for forcing and is inaccessible to reals', we introduce a weak version of a weakly compact cardinal, namely, a (lightface) -indescribable cardinal; has this property exactly if it is inaccessible and .
16.
Peter Mayr 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2006,134(1):9-13
Using the fact that all groups of exponent are nilpotent, we show that every sharply -transitive permutation group whose point stabilizer has exponent or is finite.
17.
Mohsen Pourahmadi Akihiko Inoue Yukio Kasahara 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2007,135(4):1233-1239
For a nonnegative integrable weight function on the unit circle , we provide an expression for , in terms of the series coefficients of the outer function of , for the weighted distance , where is the normalized Lebesgue measure and ranges over trigonometric polynomials with frequencies in , , . The problem is open for .
18.
R. Ayala M. Cá rdenas F. F. Lasheras A. Quintero 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2005,133(5):1527-1535
A finitely presented group is said to be properly -realizable if there exists a compact -polyhedron with and whose universal cover has the proper homotopy type of a (p.l.) -manifold with boundary. In this paper we show that, after taking wedge with a -sphere, this property does not depend on the choice of the compact -polyhedron with . We also show that (i) all -ended and -ended groups are properly -realizable, and (ii) the class of properly -realizable groups is closed under amalgamated free products (HNN-extensions) over a finite cyclic group (as a step towards proving that -ended groups are properly -realizable, assuming -ended groups are).
19.
Wlodzimierz Bak Andrzej Hulanicki 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2006,134(5):1467-1472
We prove that the spectrum of a convolution operator on a locally compact group by a self-adjoint -function is the same on and and consequently on all spaces, if and only if a Beurling algebra contains non-analytic functions on operating on into .
20.
John Kulesza 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2005,133(3):899-904
We extend the technique of Mrowka to show that his space has the property that dim while ind , assuming his extra set-theoretic hypothesis. We also show that is compact, so assuming the extra axiom, there is an compact metric space with no compact completion.