螺旋焊线管局部噘嘴应力集中分析

螺旋焊缝局部噘嘴问题是复杂的三维问题，至今没有现成的安全评定公式可以利用，也难以获得纯粹的理论解。应“西气东输”工程之需，本文利用现有直焊缝理论基础，建立了该问题的力学模型，获得了应力集中因子的显式解，给制订螺旋焊线管几保缺陷的安全评定标准提供了理论基础。利用商用有限元工具ABAQUS对螺旋焊线局部噘嘴进行的系统分析显示，本文提供的理论解具有很强的预测能力。     

K型管节点的应力集中系数研究

采用有限元法分析了K型管节点在承受轴力作用下的应力集中系数. 用三维固体单元模 拟结构,模拟中对不同区域分别划分网格,每个区域的网格独立产生后,再形成整个结构的 有限元网格. 使用ABAQUS软件分析了200组在轴向循环载荷作用下的节点数值模型,获得 了K节点在轴向循环载荷作用下沿焊缝的应力集中系数(SCF),并对主管和支管的SCF进行 研究,得出了节点几何参数对主管和支管的SCF及极值位置的影响规律.     

球壳中球形夹杂对SV波的三维散射与动应力集中研究

夹杂将导致结构应力集中,是降低结构承载能力重要影响因素,尤其是动载作用情况下,弹性波衍射和叠加将加剧应力集中程度.弹性波衍射方程建立和求解非常复杂,目前主要研究对象集中在二维模型情况,三维有限域内夹杂引起的动应力集中现象在大型结构中比较常见,有界域边界不仅作为边界条件,同时也是散射波波源,提高了求解难度.一般通过近似方...     

受冲击弹性圆板动应力集中的数值计算

1 引言在纵向冲击载荷作用下,圆柱体及圆板内产生的应力波经传播及在其自由表面上的反射,将使其某些局部产生动应力集中,进而导致脆性破坏.Kolsky 曾通过冲击实验对此问题进行了较为系统的研究.笔者曾通过数值计算分析了Kolsky 的试验中圆柱内产生的各应力成分的变化情况及动应力集中现象.求得的动应力集中的发生位置同Kolsky的试验结果基本一致.本文采用同样的数值计算方法,以立体图形表示了受冲击弹性圆板中发生动应力集中的部位,并研究了不同的冲击载荷及其作用范围,圆板的尺寸及材料特性等因素对动应力集中的发生及其发生部位的影响.     

粘弹性应力集中系数的研究

本文利用自制的光粘弹性材料,用光弹性法研究了在轴向拉伸荷载作用下带有圆孔的杆件中的粘弹性应力集中系数。文中提供了杆件在荷载作用后6秒内每间隔1秒的等差线照片,叙述了有关实验及计算结果,並讨论了确定粘弹性应力集中系数的实用方法的途径。     

带槽平板的三维应力集中效应

本文提供了用电阻应变片方法测量一组不同厚度的带有对称圆槽的拉伸平板在应力集中部位的应力分布情况。实验结果表明,应力集中系数不仅与板平面的几何尺寸有关,而且与板的厚度有关。     

确定应力集中的三应变片测定法

本文提出用三片应变片测定应力集中处的最大应力,给出了相应的外推计算公式及修正式,精度较高,使用简便.     

基于应力集中分析的钻杆内加厚过渡结构设计

通过讨论钻杆内加厚过渡带结构参数对其应力集中系数的影响,提出了实现钻杆内加厚过渡部位低应力集中设计的基本条件,并用钻杆实物疲劳试验对上述分析结果进行了验证,这一工作为改进钻杆内加厚过渡带结构设计提供了重要依据。     

M30螺栓应力集中的应变电测

本文介绍了用应变电测法测试起重机上M30螺栓应力集中的一种方案.在现场实测时得到一系列测试数据和曲线,为分析该螺栓的疲劳破坏提供了依据.     

推求应力集中处最大应力的确切值

本文提出一种由应力集中处附近已知的三点应力或应变值推求最大应力值的方法.实例表明,精度较高,使用简便.     

质疑"复杂应力条件下脆性材料的受拉破坏准则"

对``复杂应力条件下脆性材料的受拉破坏准则'一文中所应用公式的2个例子提出讨论.     

Relations between stress growth and stress relaxation functions

The stress relaxation function after steady shear flow and the stress growth function at inception of steady flow are derived for several constitutive equations of the integral and differential types. Relationships between these functions are deduced and discussed.     

Effect of surface stress and surface-induced stress on behavior of piezoelectric nanobeam

A new continuum model is developed to study the influence of surface stress on the behaviors of piezoelectric nanobeams. Different from existing piezoelectric surface models which only consider the surface properties, the proposed model takes surfaceinduced initial fields into consideration. Due to the fact that the surface-induced initial fields are totally different under various boundary conditions, two kinds of beams, the doubly-clamped beam and the cantilever beam, are analyzed. Furthermore, boundary conditions can affect not only the initial state of the piezoelectric nanobeam but also the forms of the governing equations. Based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, the nonlinear Green-Lagrangian strain-displacement relationship is applied. In addition, the surface area change is also considered in the proposed model. The governing equations of the doubly-clamped and cantilever beams are derived by the energy variation principle. Compared with existing Young-Laplace models, the proposed model for the doubly-clamped beam is similar to the Young-Laplace models. However, the governing equation of the cantilever beam derived by the proposed model is very different from that derived by the Young-Laplace models. The behaviors of piezoelectric nanobeams predicted by these two models also have significant discrepancies, which is owing to the surface-induced initial fields in the bulk beam.     

说说"量纲"和"量纲一"

不久前,王振东给朱照宣写信说道: "我那本<诗情画意谈力学>在出版时,曾对‘无量纲数'一事与出版社有过讨论.""我指出:某页某行,将‘无量纲化'、‘无量纲的'错为‘量纲一化'、‘量纲一的'.这已经是概念性错误了."回函称: "根据现在的‘物理量和单位'的标准,凡是‘无量纲'的说法现在都改为‘量纲为1,这种说法了,就是说无量纲的量并不是没有量纲,而是它的量纲是单位1.这是现在法制推行的国家标准,遇到时必须要改."     

漫谈热胀冷缩的``功''与``过''

 热胀冷缩现象在我们周围随处可见，只有更好地掌握它的规律，才能避免或减小它的危害， 利用它为人类造福.     

Impact of surface stress on stress concentration

Effect of surface stress on stress concentration near a spherical void in an elastic medium is examined in the framework of continuum surface elasticity. It is assumed that the void is of spherical shape, and the elastic medium is elastically isotropic and infinitely extended. By using the Papkovitch–Neuber displacement potentials, the elastic field caused by a unidirectional remote load is obtained explicitly. Numerical results show that the influence of surface stress becomes remarkable when the size of the void is reduced to nanometer scale, leading to that stress concentration near the void depends not only on the void size but also on the remote load.     

Residual stress field and reduction of stress intensity factors in cold-worked holes

Closed-form and semi-analytical solutions are obtained for the residual stress distributions in a plate caused by pressure acting on a central circular hole, representing the cold-work process. The material is elastic–perfectly plastic. Both Tresca and von Mises yield criteria are used and the corresponding residual stress distributions are compared. The relation between the dimension of the plastic zone and the value of internal pressure is presented. The relation between the magnitude of the residual stresses and the remote uniform tensile stress required to open symmetrical radial cracks is also presented. The reduction of the stress intensity factors of cracked open and riveted holes as a function of the internal pressure applied (or mandrel radial displacement) is investigated using numerical models for both an elastic–perfectly plastic material and for an Al 2024-T3 Alclad aluminum alloy.     

极坐标中应力与应力函数之间的关系

在极坐标下,通过极坐标的应力平衡方程推导出极坐标应力（）与应力函数之间的关系．