扩张管内爆轰波临界传播特性的研究

假设重点火位置沿扩张管内扰动区的最后一道特征线，结合描述爆轰波绕射后重点火产生的特征量Ｍ／ｙｓ与沿胞格长度方向诱导激波与化学反应区分离时爆轰波阵面衰减的速度梯度△ＭＣＪ／Ｌｃ，本文得到了临界条件下扩张管内爆轰波维持传播而不熄灭的重点火准则。利用Ｗｈｉｔｈａｍ的激波线射理论，由重点火准则导出了任意扩张管角度下爆轰波胞格尺寸的计算公式。计算结果与实验结果相比，二者不仅趋势一致，而且量值也很接近。     

Behavior of the vorticity vector in supersonic axisymmetric swirl flows behind a detonation wave

The behavior of the vorticity vector on a discontinuity surface arising in a supersonic nonuniform combustible gas flow with the formation of a shock or detonation wave is studied. In the general case, it is a vortex flow with prescribed distributions of parameters. It is demonstrated that the ratio of the tangential component of vorticity to density remains continuous in passing through the discontinuity surface, while the quantities proper become discontinuous. Results calculated for flow vorticity behind a steady-state detonation wave in an axisymmetric supersonic flow of a combustible mixture of gases are presented. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 48, No. 6, pp. 15–21, November–December, 2007     

爆轰产物压力势能缓释方法研究

为扩大脉冲爆轰技术的应用领域 ,抑制其振动、噪声等不利因素 ,提高能源转换效率的可能性 ,本文通过实验和数值计算 ,研究了单次爆轰产物通过孔盘将压力势能缓慢释放到相邻腔体的现象。实验在长 2m、内径 40mm的爆轰管中进行 ,数值模拟采用自适应的有限体积方法和有限速率化学反应模型。实验和数值模拟分析的结果均表明 ,在爆轰管与相邻腔体之间放置孔径适当的隔离孔盘 ,可以使爆轰产物的压力势能逐渐地传递到腔体内 ,造成随时间逐渐上升的压力分布。     

Interaction of a Streamwise Vortex with an Oblique Shock Wave

Interaction of a supersonic streamwise vortex with an oblique shock wave is considered. A mathematical model of the streamwise vortex is constructed. Three interaction regimes (weak, moderate, and strong) are found. It is shown numerically that vortex breakdown is possible in the case of strong interaction. The influence of the governing parameters on the interaction type is studied. It is shown that the main effect on the interaction type is exerted by the streamwise velocity and angle of the wedge forming the shock wave. The effect of splitting of the primary vortex on the shock wave in the case of moderate and strong interaction regimes is found.     

气液两相流压力波传播速度研究

将双流体模型用于绝热无相的管道气液两相流,依据小扰动线化分析原理,导出了压力波波数Ｋ方程通过对不同空隙率下肉体上压力波小随角频率变化的计算,研究了虚拟质量力和狭义相间阻力对压力波波速及其人色散性的影响。对泡状流和弹状流压力波波速的计算结果与前人的测量结果作了比较,两者符合良好。     

The Wavelet-Based Technique in Dispersive Wave Propagation

The paper expounds a wavelet-based technique. The techniques is applied to the dispersive wave equation by describing wave propagation by a composition of fundamental (harmonic) wavelets. The linear Klein–Gordon equation is analyzed and associated approximate wavelet solutions are considered for fixed resolution levels. Discretized wavelet families are computed explicitly using a basis of time harmonic wavelets. Some applications at various low resolution levels show that the technique proposed provides new opportunities for wave propagation analysis     

Interaction Between a Slow Magnetohydrodynamic Shock Wave and a Tangential Discontinuity

The self-similar problem of the oblique interaction between a slow MHD shock wave and a tangential discontinuity is solved within the framework of the ideal magnetohydrodynamic model. The constraints on the initial parameters necessary for the existence of a regular solution are found. Various feasible wave flow patterns are found in the steady-state coordinate system moving with the line of intersection of the discontinuities. As distinct from the problems of interaction between fast shock waves and other discontinuities, when the incident shock wave is slow the state ahead of it cannot be given and must to be determined in the process of solving the problem. As an example, a flow in which the slow shock wave incident on the tangential discontinuity is generated by an ideally conducting wedge located in the flow is considered. The basic features of the developing flows are determined.     

湍流的诱导及其对瓦斯爆炸过程中火焰和爆炸波的作用

在实验的基础上,研究了管内瓦斯爆炸过程中湍流的诱导及其对瓦斯爆炸过程中火焰和爆炸波的影响作用.研究结果表明,管道面积突变对瓦斯爆炸过程中湍流的产生具有重要影响.管道面积突变(变大、变小)时,产生附加湍流,并使下游火焰气流的湍流度增加,瓦斯爆炸过程中火焰的传播速度迅速提高,并可诱导激波的产生.在80×80mm等截面直管中(瓦斯浓度为理论上最猛烈的爆炸浓度9.5%),瓦斯爆炸最大火焰传播速度为40.8m/s,管内各点均为压力波信号,当管道加装一Φ300mm圆管形成面积突扩11倍和突缩11倍两断面后,面积突扩处(L/D=22)火焰速度增大5.05倍,达到64.4m/s,面积突缩处(L/D=28)火焰速度为156.0m/s, 增大4.55倍,并在L/D=48倍处形成激波(超压1.6976atm、波速416.7m/s),在L/D=98倍处,激波强度最大.在面积突变管内加装加速环可使瓦斯爆炸过程中湍流度加剧,火焰的传播速度更高,激波生成的位置(L/D=28)、最强点位置(L/D=70)均前移,激波强度增大.研究结果对指导现场如何防治瓦斯爆炸,减轻瓦斯爆炸的威力具有一定的指导意义.     

冲击波传播的三个时段模拟实验中动物肺的损伤

利用自制的冲击波分段模拟舱 ,对 6 0只家兔和 2 0只大鼠进行了冲击波分段模拟实验。结果表明 ,肺冲击伤可能主要发生在冲击波减压段 ;冲击波压缩段可能不直接引起明显的肺损伤 ,但显著地影响后续的减压段的致伤效应。     

激波诱导火焰失稳与爆轰的条件研究

采用九阶WENO和十阶中心差分格式数值求解激波与火焰作用过程,考察了激波强度、火焰尺寸对激波与球形火焰作用过程的影响。结果表明,增大激波强度或火焰尺寸均可在流场中引发爆轰,但激波强度的影响更大,并且其引发的爆轰可使火焰迅速膨胀,放热率提高,从而影响燃烧特性;此外,爆轰波传播过程中会迅速消耗可燃预混气,合并原有的反射激波,并在流场中形成局部高压区,极大地改变流场结构。     

Interaction of a Shock Wave with a Spherical Gas–Liquid Cluster

Experimental studies were performed of the interaction of a plane shock wave with a spherical gas–liquid cluster (polyurethane foam ball saturated with a bubbly liquid) in a vertical shock tunnel filled with a liquid. The cluster was shown to generate a solitary pressure wave of large amplitude.     

关于超音速流中运动激波若干问题的研究

研究了在无粘完全气体流中的运动激波 ,讨论了激波运动速度D和来流速度U对激波后气流参数的影响 ,包括对激波后的总焓比值和总压比值以及对流转角的影响。计算结果表明它们不同于通常静止激波下所得到的结果。该内容涉及到超音速射流与障碍物或空腔体相互作用时出现的失稳状态下激波的振动和空腔体底部的反常加热问题。     

填充床中气体渗流与化学波耦合问题的研究

研究等温和显著气固反应条件下填充床内反应气体浓度(物质)波推进与混合气体渗流的相互作用,指出化学反应对流动的影响包括两个方面,反应过程中混合气体质量的变化和密度的变化。混合气体流动将反过来影响反应进程。分析表明,按耦合模型和非耦合模型得到的速度场完全不同;按耦合模型,反应气体的浓度(物质)波阵面的推进对混合气体的流场有显著影响,因此按耦合模型计算的混合气体流场强烈地依赖于时间;忽略化学反应引起的混合气体密度变化的耦合模型,将导致一个质量消失的汇(或质量生成的源),因此将引起混合气体渗流速度的明显变化,并可能导致物理上不合理的结果;按耦合模型和非耦合模型计算的浓度场也有很大差别;当反应气体与惰性气体摩尔质量相差较大时,不能忽略反应过程中混合气体密度的变化;研究表明对于显著气固反应不能忽略化学反应与气体渗流的相互作用。     

Propagation of detonation waves in plane channels with obstacles

The detonation wave propagation in plane channels filled with a stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixture at rest under standard conditions is numerically modeled with account for the actual kinetics of the chemical interaction. The calculations show that the stable cellular structure of the detonation wave formed in a plane channel with parallel walls is not always uniquely determined by its width. The effect of transverse walls and sharp expansion of the channel on the propagation of the cellular detonation wave is studied. The conditions of conservation and restoration of detonation are determined.     

On numerical errors and turbulence modeling in tip vortex flow prediction

The accuracy of tip vortex flow prediction in the near‐field region is investigated numerically by attempting to quantify the shortcomings of the turbulence models and the flow solver. In particular, some turbulence models can produce a ‘numerical diffusion’ that artificially smears the vortex core. Low‐order finite differencing techniques of the convective and pressure terms of the Navier–Stokes equations and inadequate grid density and distribution can also produce the same adverse effect. The flow over a wing and the near‐wake with the wind tunnel walls included was simulated using 2.5 million grid points. Two subset problems, one using a steady, three‐dimensional analytical vortex, and the other, a vortex obtained from experiment and propagated downstream, were also devised in order to make the study of vortex preservation more tractable. The method of artificial compressibility is used to solve the steady, three‐dimensional, incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. Two one‐equation turbulence models (Baldwin–Barth and Spalart–Allmaras turbulence models), have been used with the production term modified to account for the stabilizing effect of the nearly solid body rotation in the vortex core. Finally, a comparison between the computed results and experiment is presented. Published in 1999 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Study on the Fuel Air Mixing Induced by a Shock Wave Propagating into a H2-Air Interface

2nd-order upwind TVD scheme was used to solve the laminar, fully Navier-Stokes equations. The numerical simulations were done on the propagation of a shock wave with Ma _S = 2 and 4 into a hydrogen and air mixture in a duct and a duct with a rearward step. The results indicate that a swirling vortex may be generated in the lopsided interface behind the moving shock. Meanwhile, the complex shock system is also formed in this shear flow region. A large swirling vortex is produced and the fuel mixing can be enhanced by a shock wave at low Mach number. But in a duct with a rearward step, the shock almost disappears in hydrogen for Ma _S = 2. The shock in hydrogen will become strong if Ma _S is large. Similar to the condition of a shock moving in a duct full of hydrogen and air, a large vortex can be formed in the shear flow region. The large swirling vortex even gets through the reflected shock and impacts on the lower wall. Then, the distribution of hydrogen behind the rearward step is divided into two regions. The transition from regular reflection to Mach reflection was observed as well in case Ma _S = 4.     

气体—颗粒激波松弛流动特性研究

提出了一种解气体－颗粒粘性流动方程组的方法。在此方法中，计算颗粒阻力时采用Ｈｅｎｄｅｒｓｏｎ阻力系数公式，得到两相激波松弛流动数值结果，并与实验结果作了比较，详细分析和讨论了计算结果，揭示了两相激波松弛流动特性随颗粒容积比分的变化规律     

Numerical Investigation of the Temperature Macroparameters in a Shock Wave in a Binary Gas Mixture Using the Kinetic Boltzmann Equation

The effect of the Mach number and the concentration and mass ratios on the behavior of the parallel, radial, and total temperatures of the components in a shock wave in a binary gas mixture is studied. The results obtained are compared with the theoretical and experimental results of other investigators.     

Determination of the Wave Structure of the Three-Phase Flow Riemann Problem

In a previous paper (Transp. Porous Media,55(1): 47–70), algorithms are given for computing the analytical solution to the three-phase Riemann problem. Application of those algorithms requires that the wave configuration is known. The purpose of this note is to provide a procedure to determine the wave structure for any initial and injected saturation states.     

粘弹性损伤混凝土介质中波的传播

混凝土的损伤会引起弹性和粘性性质的改变,利用弹性和粘性的双参数来描述损伤,建立双参数损伤理论。根据不同的损伤程度对混凝土介质进行分区处理,建立基本方程式,考虑连续性条件和边界条件,求解波动方程。比较是否考虑粘性时的波幅和波传播时间与损伤的关系,表明粘性是损伤混凝土介质中波传播所必须要考虑的问题。分析了粘弹性混凝土介质中损伤区域长度、损伤度等对波传播的影响,给出了它们的关系曲线,可为波的反分析提供依据。