光纤应变、温度、振动同时测量新技术的研究

本文介绍了集成式Bragg光纤光栅(FBG)和非本征型Fabry-Perot干涉腔(EFPI)复合传感器的结构及应用该传感器同时测量静态应变、温度和振动的原理.利用FBG、EFPI和低相干性干涉信号解调方法实现了用一个传感器同时测量三个参量.实验结果表明温度精度达±1℃,应变精度为±20με,振幅分辨率达1nm,测量重复性好.     

光纤应变、温度、振动同时测量新技术的研究

本文介绍了集成式 Bragg光纤光栅 ( FBG)和非本征型 Fabry-Perot干涉腔 ( EFPI)复合传感器的结构及应用该传感器同时测量静态应变、温度和振动的原理 .利用 FBG、EFPI和低相干性干涉信号解调方法实现了用一个传感器同时测量三个参量 .实验结果表明温度精度达± 1℃ ,应变精度为± 2 0 με,振幅分辨率达 1 nm,测量重复性好     

一种基于DSP的FBG传感器解调系统及算法

波长解调技术是光纤传感器的关键技术。介绍了一种利用可调谐光纤F-P滤波器来扫描光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器,应用DSP作信号处理的解调系统,提出了一种快速稳定且具有高分辨率的解调算法。波长测量分辨率可达2pm,测量范围50nm。用DSP芯片控制光学系统扫描,数据采集及运算,并进一步提高了系统的解调速度。     

基于长周期光纤光栅的FBG解调方法北大核心CSCD

研究了基于长周期光纤光栅(long-period fiber gratings,LPFG)的光纤布拉格光栅(fiber Bragg gratings,FBG)解调方法,该方法利用LPFG的透射谱作为边沿滤波器解调FBG,其解调性能主要取决于LPFG的透射光谱深度。详细分析了CO_(2)激光写制法对透射光谱的影响,制作了透射光谱深度为25 dB的LPFG,并采用该光栅搭建了FBG解调装置,将FBG粘贴于金属应变片表面,测试了其静态与动态响应特征。实验结果表明:该方法制作简单,成本低,具有较好的线性动态范围,可以实现较高灵敏度的FBG解调。     

基于虚拟仪器和可调谐激光技术的光纤光栅传感系统

提出了一种新颖的基于虚拟仪器(VI)和可调谐激光技术的光纤光栅(FBG)传感系统,利用可调谐激光对由光纤光栅组成的传感器阵列进行波长扫描,实现了多根光栅的复用准静态解调,并结合抖动技术和反馈环结构,使得探测信号在每一根传感光栅中心波长处过零,以提高系统在测定波长偏移时的分辨力。当反馈环工作在闭环状态下时,该系统还可对单根光栅实现动态跟踪锁定,实现单根光栅的动态解调。该传感系统的数据采集采用虚拟仪器技术,通过多通道同时输入输出实现了在线实时解调。实验采用了4根光栅组成传感阵列,获得了静态多根光栅小于1με和单根光栅动态频率10 Hz时3.3 n/εHz的解调分辨力,动态应变范围在850με。     

阵列波导光栅解调的准分布式光纤光栅传感器

从理论上和实验上研究了一种操作简单、响应速度快,价格低廉和高分辨率的基于阵列波导光栅(AWG)的准分布式光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器.该传感系统采用了阵列波导光栅双通道强度解调技术对光纤光栅的布拉格波长和温度进行精确的解调.实验结果表明,该系统对宽带宽光纤光栅的布拉格波长和温度解调均具有高线性度,考虑系统稳定性及光纤布拉格光栅之间的串扰影响,波长测量精度仍可达2 pm,温度测量精度优于0.2℃.     

粒子群优化算法在光纤光栅传感器波长解调中的应用

为了提高光纤光栅(FBG)解调系统的波长解调精度,采用粒子群优化(PSO)算法结合参考光纤光栅(FBG),对常用波长解调器Fabry-Perot型光纤滤波器(FPF)的透射光谱中心波长与控制电压之间存在的非线性和回滞特性进行了研究,并提出一种实时建立FPF透射光中心波长与其控制电压之间关系模型的方法。该方法利用粒子群优化算法收敛快、易实现的特点,保证了FPF模型建立的准确性和实时性。实验结果证明,利用所建模型可有效提高FBG传感系统的波长测量准确度,测量误差不超过25 pm。系统结构简单,对提高FBG传感系统的测量准确度具有重要意义。     

优化光纤光栅传感器匹配光栅解调方法的研究

利用悬臂梁调谐和两个并联二次反射匹配解调光栅的方法实现了光纤布喇格光栅(FBG)传感器的高精度大范围应变传感测量.通过并联方式,选择合适的匹配光栅波长,增大了可检测的应变范围,同时解决了双值问题.应变传感信号经两路解调光栅解调,并由数据采集卡采集后,由计算机进行两路并联信号的综合处理后获取更准确的结果,使得系统性能得到提升和优化.试验结果与理论分析一致.     

啁啾光栅结合边缘线性滤波解调的 FBG应变测量系统

介绍一种采用啁啾光栅并结合边缘线性滤波解调的FBG应变测量系统。系统中探头以2个光纤布喇格光栅(FBG)的波长差作为传感信息测量等强度悬臂梁的应变，避免了测量过程中温度变化因素对测量结果的影响，并且提高了灵敏度和分辨率。采用啁啾光栅结合长周期光纤光栅边缘线性滤波技术的波长解调方案，理论上证明了该系统的可行性，系统测量范围为0～500με，在海上开采平台、高层建筑、大型基础构件、桥梁大坝等结构的健康监测中具有一定意义。     

液氮温区下光纤布拉格光栅应变传感器测量性能的研究

基于光纤布拉格光栅传感器的原理,研究了在液氮浸泡情况下光纤布拉格光栅应变传感器的静态传输特性.实验过程中利用悬臂梁原理和美国Micron Optics公司生产的光栅波长可调谐激光扫描法解调系统,分别测量了液氮浸泡中的悬臂梁的正应变和负应变,确定了在液氮温度下悬臂梁应变与光纤光栅波长偏移量之间的关系.为测量高温超导磁体的应变提供了新的方法.     

Integration of miniature Fabry-Perot fiber optic sensor with FBG for the measurement of temperature and strain

A sensor has been fabricated by the integration of a fiber Bragg gating sensor (FBGs) with a fiber Fabry-Perot (F-P) sensor fabricated by etching method. In the integrated sensor, the FBG was used to measure temperature, while the fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer sensor (FFPIs) was used for strain measurement. Wavelength decoding for FBG and peak tracking for FFPI was employed for demodulation, respectively. The result showed that the temperature and strain sensitivity for the integrated sensor is ~ 2.7 pm/μεand ~ 9.3 pm/°C, respectively.     

Spectrally scanned,repetitively pulsed erbium-doped fiber laser for spectral and temporal multiplexing of fiber Bragg grating sensors

An erbium-doped fiber laser that emits a series of spectrally scanned pulses is used to monitor an array of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. The cavity for this Fabry-Perot laser is formed by two spectrally selective reflectors: a rotating mirror-grating combination for scanning the reflectance peak wavelength and a fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer (FFPI) with a periodic reflectance spectrum. During a scan of the rotating mirror, the laser produces a set of Q-switched pulses over the 1522-1568-nm spectral range at each of the FFPI reflectance peak wavelengths. This laser is used to simultaneously demonstrate wavelength-division multiplexing of FBGs with reflectance peaks in different spectral regimes and time-division multiplexing of FBGs with overlapping spectra. The spectral location of the FBG peaks was determined to an accuracy of 1.4 pm.     

Active temperature compensation design of sensor with fiber gratings

A technique for compensation of temperature effects in fiber grating sensors is reported. For strain sensors and other sensors related to strain such as electromagnetic sensors, a novel structure is designed, which uses two fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) as strain differential sensor and has temperature effects cancelled. Using this technique, the stress sensitivity has been amplified and gets up to 0.226 nm/N, the total variation in wavelength difference within the range of 3-45 ℃ is 0.03 nm, 1/14 of the uncompensated FBG.The structure can be used in the temperature-insensitive static strain measurement and minor-vibration measurement.     

Interrogation of fiber-Bragg-grating temperature and strain sensors with a temperature-stabilized VCSEL

The interrogation of fiber-Bragg-grating (FBG) sensors using a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is discussed. A long-wavelength (1.54 μm) VCSEL was used as a wavelength-tunable source by variation in the current. Temperature stabilization was performed with a thermoelectric device. Characteristics of temperature and strain sensing were investigated. FBGs with different reflectivities were compared. For temperature sensing, the root-mean-square error in the measurement was reduced to 1/3 that without temperature stabilization. The dependence of the measurement error on the reflectivities of the FBGs was investigated. The measurement error was larger for FBGs with lower reflectivities in both temperature and strain sensing. Improvement on the sensing with low-reflectivity FBGs is discussed.     

Dynamic strain measurement using two wavelength-matched fiber Bragg grating sensors interrogated by a cascaded long-period fiber grating

In this work, we describe a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing system using two wavelength-matched FBG sensors for static and dynamic strain measurement. A cascaded long-period fiber grating (CLPG)-based demodulation technique has been used to interrogate the two wavelength-matched FBG sensors. Experimental results of static strain measurement show that the proposed system has a strain resolution of 1 με. This system has also been used for dynamic strain measurement. An eddy current displacement meter-based system has been used as a comparison measurement. Experimental results of dynamic strain measurement have proved that the FBG sensing system has a good performance in the measurement of dynamic strain. The results of static and dynamic strain measurement indicate that the sensing system using two wavelength-matched FBG sensors is superior to the single FBG sensor system.     

Experimental research on a novel fiber-optic cantilever-type inclinometer

Experimental setup for tilt measurement and a novel signal detection method for demodulation of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) wavelength shift are proposed. Being attached, respectively, on the upper and lower surface of only one single pendulum-type cantilever element, only a couple of matched FBGs are used for both tilt angle sensing and wavelength shift signal demodulating. So the received light power will change due to the split of the two reflected spectra of FBGs, which corresponds to the tilt angle. In addition, the cross-sensitivity effect of FBG-based sensors will be solved automatically due to a differential signal process method. Experimental results indicate the measurement accuracy is about ± 0.03°, and measurement resolution is estimated to be about 0.002°.     

Analytical investigation of response of birefringent fiber Bragg grating sensors in distributed monitoring system based on optical frequency domain reflectometry

When Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are used as strain sensors, both longitudinal and lateral strain can be applied uniformly or non-uniformly over the length of the FBGs. In order for the demodulation of such FBG signal, this paper investigates the response of birefringent FBGs which are monitored by distributed measurement system based on optical frequency domain reflectometry. A numerical model of the distributed measurement system is built based on piece-wise uniform approach, which considers polarization states of propagating lights. The numerical model simulates analytical response of birefringent FBGs especially when birefringence induces power fluctuations in the distributed spectra, which can be noise or new opportunity for sensitive monitoring of birefringence. Simulation results show the relationships between the power fluctuations and the polarization states of the propagating lights. Consequently, appropriate methods of polarization control for sensitive distributed birefringent FBG monitoring are discussed.     

A Practical Detection System of Multiplexed Wavelength Fiber Bragg Gratings

A practical demodulation of multiplexed wavelength FBGs is proposed. The detection wavelength of adjacent FBGs and the wavelength resolution are discussed. Experimental results show the wavelength resolution is 0.01nm and strain resolution is 8.27 ×10-6 .     

Time-resolved photoacoustic spectroscopy using fiber Bragg grating acoustic transducers

An acoustic transducer based on a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is presented and characterized for use in time-resolved laser-induced photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) on solid samples. The photoacoustic wave was generated by pulsed laser excitation of immobilized carbon black or erbium oxide powder, and detected by recording either the transmission or reflection spectrum of a clamped fiber Bragg grating (FBG). The characterization of the FBGs photoacoustic response is based on the experimental comparison with a static lateral strain source and on theoretical analysis using the piecewise-uniform approach to photoelastic theory. The temporal resolution of the response is determined by the arrangement of the FBG with respect to the source of the acoustic wave and is better than 150 ns, as was verified in a deconvolution analysis.The method has not only a fast time response but also is simple, inexpensive, and accurate as indicated by the good agreement of the experimental photoacoustic spectrum with previous measurements.     

弯曲光纤布拉格光栅靶式流量传感器的研究

设计了一种基于光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)的弯曲靶式流量传感器,采用COMSOL软件仿真了弯曲靶臂受力时的应变分布规律,并将两支FBGs分别粘贴于靶臂的外侧和内侧进行应力测试,仿真与实验结果表明在外力作用下靶臂外侧和内侧分别产生拉应变和压应变,FBGs反射中心波长产生红移和蓝移。同时,测试了该结构的温度特性,在20 ℃~40 ℃两支FBGs反射中心波长均与温度呈线性关系,从而可消除温度对测量结果的影响。随后搭建了弯曲靶式FBG流量传感器测量装置,在0~800 L/H范围内的测量结果表明,两支FBGs反射中心波长与水流量呈较好的线性关系,其流量灵敏度为48 L/H。