Gravity as Yang-Mills gauge theory

We propose a Yang-Mills field theory of gravity based on a unitary phase-gauge-invariance of the lagrangian where the gauge transformations are those of the SU(2) × U(1) symmetry of the 2-spinors. In the classical limit this microscopic theory results in Einstein's metrical theory of gravity, where we restrict ourselves in a first step to its linearized version.     

Gravity from symmetry breakdown of a gauge affine theory

We construct a gauge field theory based on GA(4, ) space-time symmetry containing spinorial and tensorial (infinite-component) matter manifields. We break the dilation symmetry and thus trigger a spontaneous breaking of the SL(4, )/SO(1, 3), also generating Newton's constant. The resulting ‘large-scale” space-time (a compared to Planck length) is of Riemann-Cartan type and in the flat limit we recover special relativity.     

Differentiable probabilities: A new viewpoint on spin,gauge invariance,gauge fields,and relativistic quantum mechanics

A new approach to developing formulisms of physics based solely on laws of mathematics is presented. From simple, classical statistical definitions for the observed space-time position and proper velocity of a particle having a discrete spectrum of internal states we derive u generalized Schrödinger equation on the space-time manifold. This governs the evolution of an N component wave function with each component square integrable over this manifold and is structured like that for a charged particle in an electromagnetic field but also includes SU(N) gauge field couplings. This construction reveals a new hasis for gauge invariance and new insight into the appearance of spin and other such properties in relativistic quantum mechanics and suggests a new charged particle model.     

A new gauge theory without an elementary photon

A gauge theory is formulated in two spatial dimensions different from all gauge theories previously known. Unlike quantum electrodynamics in such a space there does not exist an elementary photon in the model, even though a bound state having appropriate quantum numbers can be induced for weak coupling to a spinor field. Particularly noteworthy is the fact that despite the demonstrated covariance of the theory, there is an anomaly (i.e., noncanonical) term in the spatial transformation of the charge bearing field.     

Gravity as a goldstone field in the Lorentz gauge theory

A bundle formalism is applied to interpret the Einstein gravitational field in gauge theory; its topological invariants are discussed.     

A new perspective on nonrelativistic gravity

The geometric reformulation of Newton??s gravity is known as Newton-Cartan theory. We compare the traditional derivation of this theory with a new, algebraic derivation, based on the gauging of a centrally extended Galilean symmetry algebra. In this comparison the role of the central charge gauge field will be explained. In particular, we show that the scalar potential following from this procedure coincides with the one given by the theory of Cartan. Our procedure can be generalized to describe other nonrelativistic limits of gravity involving gravitating strings.     

A new perspective on thermonuclear reactions

正The mechanism of nucleosynthesis from light particles into heavier ones in the early universe has attracted a lot of attention in nuclear astrophysics [1-3]. With great efforts made both experimentally and theoretically, many data of thermonuclear reaction rates on stable targets are now available, and large data sets of nuclear astrophysics regarding the theoretical work on the binding energy, cross section and rate calculations are obtainable via different models. For example, the JINA REACLIB database, which is maintained by the JINA Collaboration, covers more than 8000 nuclides and over 80000 nuclear reactions,     

Topology of the gauge condition and new confinement phases in non-abelian gauge theories

The gauge-fixing constraint in a gauge field theory is crucial for understanding both short-distance and long-distance behavior of non-abelian gauge field theories. We define what we call “non-propagating” gauge conditions such as the unitary gauge and “approximately non-propagating” or renormalizable gauge conditions, and study their topological properties. By first fixing the non-abelian part of the gauge ambiguity we find that SU(N) gauge theories can be written in the form of abelian gauge theories with N ? 1 fold multiplicity enriched with magnetic monopoles with certain magnetic charge combinations. Their electric chargesare governed by the instanton angle θ.If θ is continuously varied from 0 to 2π and a confinement mode is assumed for some θ, then at least one phase-transition must occur. We speculate on the possibility of new phases: e.g., “oblique confinement,” where $\text{θ ? π}$, and explain some peculiar features of this mode. In principle there may be infinitely many such modes, all separated by phase transition boundaries.     

Cation to anion stoichiometry of chromite: A new perspective

Ferric to ferrous ratios of a batch of chromite samples from the Bushveld Complex, South Africa, were measured to calculate the cation to oxygen stoichiometry per unit cell. Cation deficiency, due to post-magmatic oxidation of Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺ is widespread. Oxidised chromite reduces more readily than unoxidised material and naturally occurring non-stoichiometric chromite is likely to be a more suitable feedstock for the ferro-alloys industry. This factor is often overlooked during routine mineralogical characterisations. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A new perspective on quiet Sun magnetism

The Hinode mission has provided us with a new, quantitative view of the magnetism of the quiet Sun. It has revealed that the quiet internetwork areas are blanketed by horizontal fields that appear at first sight to have more flux than the vertical fields resolved on the same 0.3″ size scale. These measurements point to the possibility that the horizontal fields might be the primary source of the “hidden turbulent flux” of the quiet Sun anticipated from Hanle effect depolarization. In this paper, evidence is presented suggesting that the “seething” horizontal fields observed by Harvey in 2007 and the horizontal fields revealed by Hinode are the same phenomenon. Because the seething fields appear to be of uniform fluctuation over the whole disk, the phenomenon is most likely not associated with the dynamo source of solar activity. Thus, the small-scale “hidden turbulent flux” lends support to the notion of a local solar dynamo acting on granular sizes and time scales.     

A quasi-temporal gauge

We prove that a complete fixing of the temporal gauge,A _o =0, in which one imposesa subsidiary gauge condition, such as, for instance ?_i A _i (x,t ₀) = 0 leads to consistent formulation of the theory with simple Feynman rulesand a well defined gluon propagator. The correct exponentiation of the time dependence of the Wilson loop has been checked to occur up to order g⁴.     

A charged Taub-NUT metric with torsion: A new axially symmetric solution of the poincare gauge field theory

Within the framework of the Poincaré gauge field theory, McCrea has recently discovered a Taub-NUT-like metric with torsion. The metric is axially symmetric, whereas the torsion turns out to be SO(3)-symmetric. We find the corresponding solution with an additional electric charge.     

A new laser displacement sensor based on triangulation for gauge real-time measurement

A new laser displacement sensor has been designed, constructed, and used in a train running at a speed of 64 km/h. The laser displacement sensor is insensitive to ambient light and to temperature. The parameters of the laser displacement sensor are as follows: the measurement range is 20 mm, and the laser displacement sensor resolution is 0.3 mm. All the results show that this new displacement sensor meets the requirement for real-time gauge measurement.     

A gauge theory of the integral form: Lattice-like gauge theory invariant under translation and rotation

We construct a gauge theory of the integral form which is invariant under translation and rotation and in which very high frequency vibration modes (which must be described in terms of quarks and gluons) are cut off in the same manner as in the usual lattice gauge theory.     

A new approach to the perturbative treatment of anomalous chiral gauge theories

The Ward identities following from the conservation of the source-current of anomalous chiral gauge theories on full quantum level are used to define a new kind of perturbation expansion for such theories. Zero modes are found to play a crucial role.