电势法测定KI在CH3OH-H2O混合溶剂中的活度系数

用无液接电势电池测定了303.15 K时,KI在甲醇-水混合溶剂中的电动势,用扩展的Debye-Hückel方程及Pitzer方程关联不同溶剂组成下电动势的实验值,得到电池的标准电动势E°和KI在混合溶剂中的活度系数.结果表明,在一定的溶剂比例下,随KI浓度的增大,其平均活度系数先随它的浓度增加而下降,经过一个最低点后又上升;或者随浓度增加而单调递减.当KI浓度固定时,它的平均活度系数随溶剂中甲醇的含量增加而下降.表明KI在甲醇中有微弱的缔合.     

混合电解质中HCl热力学性质——HCl-C3H8O3-NaCl-H2O体系

活度系数;电动势;电极电势;无液接电池;混合电解质中HCl热力学性质——HCl-C3H8O3-NaCl-H2O体系     

用电势法测定混合电解质NaCl-Me4NCl-H2O体系在298．15K的活度系数

用电势法测定混合电解质ＮａＣｌ－Ｍｅ_４ＮＣｌ－Ｈ_２Ｏ体系在２９８．１５Ｋ的活度系数阎卫东,姚加,韩世钧,徐奕瑾（浙江大学化学系,杭州,３１００２７）关键词含季铵盐混合电解质,活度系数,渗透系数作为电解质溶液热力学研究工作［１］的继续,本文选择了含季...     

RbCl在H2O-DMF混合溶剂中活度系数的测定

应用Corning-价阳离子选择电极（M~＋－ISE）和Orion氯离子选择电极组成可逆电池，CI~－－ISE|RbCl（m），H2O（1－x），DMF（x）M~ －ISE．测量该电池标准电动势E_m，运用扩展的Debye－Hckel公式，计算RbCl在283．15至318．15K七个温度下由H2O至H2O－DMF混和溶剂的标准迁移自由能ΔG和在不同组成（H2O－DMF）混合溶剂中平均离子活度系数γ±，并对迁移自由能及活度系数随混合溶剂有机物组份的摩尔分数的变化进行了讨论。     

四丁基氟化铵在H2O-DMF中的电导研究

测量了298.15~328.15 K温度范围内四丁基氟化铵在20(wt)%~80(wt)%H2O/DMF混合溶液中的电导率,测得的电导率分别通过Kray-Bray方程和Shedlovsky方程分析,推导出了四丁基氟化铵在H2O-DMF混合溶液中的摩尔极限电导、缔合常数和离解常数,并计算出缔合反应的热力学参数(△Ga,△Ha,△Sa);同时探讨了温度和混合溶剂的组成对摩尔极限电导、缔合常数和热力学参数的影响。     

HNO3-UO2(NO3)2-H2O系统的活度系数的测定和计算

用H^+和NO3^-离子选择电极组成的电池用电势法测定了HNO3-UO2(NO3)2-H2O系统在25°C时的HNO3的平均活度系数, 求得了同时含有^E0和 ^S0-I关系式的Pitzer方程中的两粒子和三粒子作用参数(^s0(0), ^s(1),Ψ)。用Pitzer方程计算了该系统中水的活度, 并用Pitzer方程、Mckay-Perring方法和Harned方程分别计算了系统中HNO3和UO2(NO3)2的平均活度系数。     

电解质活度系数测定装置的改进

电动势测定的应用之一——电解质离子的平均活度系数测定,是物理化学课程的基本内容。如能在基础物理化学实验中开设此实验,将有助于学生对该法的深刻理解。文献中所介绍的装置多数是带有双液封的H-型电池结构或更为复杂的电池结构.这类电池结构不仅仪器加工困难,而且由于电池结构复杂,造成体系中溶解氧不易赶出的“死角”(如连接两电极管的“桥”中的溶液),致使电池电动势难以达到平衡值。又因要采用两条通氢管路,使操作复杂     

电解质溶液活度系数测定实验的改进

用电动势法测定AgNO3稀溶液的离子平均活度系数(γ±),操作简单、方便,且由于AgNO3是1-1价型电解质,其稀溶液的lgγ±-I曲线与Debye-H櫣ckel极限公式所预期的结果比较接近。将实验结果与文献值比较,有较好的准确度。     

Synthese,Kristallstruktur und magnetisches Verhalten von (2,4,6‐Trimethylpyridinium)10[ErCl6][ErCl5(H2O)]2Cl3

Preparation, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Behaviour of (2,4,6‐Trimethylpyridinium)₁₀[ErCl₆][ErCl₅(H₂O)]₂Cl₃ Crystals of the complex chloride (2,4,6‐Trimethylpyridinium)₁₀[ErCl₆][ErCl₅(H₂O)]₂Cl₃ have been prepared by reaction of ErCl₃·6H₂O with 2,4,6‐Trimethylpyridiniumchloride in ethanol solution for the first time. The crystal structure has been determined from single crystal X‐ray diffraction data. The compound crystallizes monoclinically in the space group P2₁/a (Z = 2) with a = 1704.5(3) pm, b = 1696.7(2) pm, c = 1798.5(4) pm and β = 90.76(3)°. The structure contains octahedral building units [ErCl₆]^3— and [ErCl₅(H₂O)]^2—. The octahedra, the organic cations and isolated chloride anions are interconnected via hydrogen bonds forming layers parallel to the ac‐plane (0 1 0). The magnetic behaviour of (2,4,6‐Trimethylpyridinium)₁₀[ErCl₆][ErCl₅(H₂O)]₂Cl₃ has been studied. The magnetic data are interpreted by ligand field calculations applying the angular overlap model.     

Deuterium exchange in the systems of H2O+/H2O and H3O+/H2O

The reactions of H₂O⁺, H₃O⁺, D₂O⁺, and D₃O⁺ with neutral H₂O and D₂O were studied by tandem mass spectrometry. The H₂O⁺ and D₂O⁺ ion reactions exhibited multiple channels, including charge transfer, proton transfer (or hydrogen atom abstraction), and isotopic exchange. The H₃O⁺ and D₃O⁺ ion reactions exhibited only isotope exchange. The variation in the abundances of all ions involved in the reactions was measured over a neutral pressure range from 0 to 2 × 10⁻⁵ Torr. A reaction scheme was chosen, which consisted of a sequence of charge transfer, proton transfer, and isotopic exchange reactions. Exact solutions to two groups of simultaneous differential equations were determined; one group started with the reaction of ionized water, and the other group started with the reactions of protonated water. A nonlinear least-squares regression technique was used to determine the rate coefficients of the individual reactions in the schemes from the ion abundance data. Branching ratios and relative rate coefficients were also determined in this manner.A delta chi-squared analysis of the results of the model fitted to the experimental data indicated that the kinetic information about the primary isotopic exchange processes is statistically the most significant. The errors in the derived values of the kinetic information of subsequent channels increased rapidly. Data from previously published selected ion flow tube (SIFT) study were analyzed in the same manner. Rigorous statistical analysis showed that the statistical isotope scrambling model was unable to explain either the SIFT or the tandem mass spectrometry data. This study shows that statistical analysis can be utilized to assess the validity of possible models in explaining experimentally observed kinetic behaviors.     

纳米Al2O3填充的PVDF-HFP复合电解质的导电性

用真空蒸发法制备了不同配方的PVDF-HFP复合电解质膜,通过交流阻抗测试,优选出机械和电化学性能较好的PVDF-HFP复合电解质的工艺参数,m(纳米Al₂O₃)∶m(增塑剂DBP)∶m(PVDF-HFP)=10∶45∶45.用丙酮抽提制得的PVDF-HFP聚合物膜中的增塑剂,再于1mol/LLiPF₆/DEC-EC(体积比1∶1)的液态电解质中浸渍,浸渍后聚合物膜的电导率达到10-3S/cm数量级.     

Enhancement of Activity of SnO2-doped In2O3/Al2O3 Catalyst for NO Reduction with Propene in the Presence of H2O and SO2

The selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides by hydrocarbons (HC-SCR) has attracted much attention as an efficient way to remove NO in the presence of excess oxygen1-2. The metal oxides are the most promising catalysts for the SCR of NO because of their high activity and selectivity3-5. In the previous work, the metal oxides such as Ag, Sn, In, Co supported on alumina for NO reduction were investigated6-8, however, the HC-SCR is usually suppressed in the presence of H2O and S…     

CH3SH与H2O2气相反应机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法, 在6-311＋G(d,p)基组水平上研究了CH₃SH与H₂O₂的微观反应机理, 全参数优化了反应势能面上各驻点的几何构型, 振动分析和内禀反应坐标(IRC)分析结果证实了中间体和过渡态的真实性, 计算所得的键鞍点电荷密度的变化情况也确认了反应过程. 结果表明, 反应共分三大步进行, 包含两条反应通道, 第二步由IM1到CH₃SO₂H的反应为决速步骤, 其中的第一条通道是主要反应通道, 相应活化能为157.3和109.7 kJ/mol.     

TBP-TTA-C6H6三元体系活度系数的研究

如何计算与测量多组元体系的活度系数,是一个重要问题。我们的工作是选取了磷酸三丁酯(TBP)与硫国酰基三氟丙酮(TTA)溶于苯的体系,进行了实验测量与理论计算,理论与实验取得了基本一致的结果。     

不同晶型WO3的光催化析氧活性研究

以仲钨酸铵为原料,分别采用高温煅烧、低温淬火与高温煅烧、自然冷却方法制备了正交晶型和单斜晶型的WO3,研究了两种不同晶型WO3的光催化析氧活性,结果表明,正交晶型WO3的活性高于单斜晶型WO3.同时对光催化剂WO3的用量以及电子受体Fe3 的浓度等因素对光催化析氧活性的影响进行了研究.     

The reaction of O(3P) with H2O2

The rate constant for the reaction of O(³P) with H₂O₂ was measured as a function of temperature and the [H₂O₂]₀/[O]₀ ratio. The numerical solution of the appropriate rate equations was used to arrive at a mechanism which adequately describes our results and the rather divergent data in the literature. A recommended expression for the temperature dependence of the absolute rate constant is presented from consideration of the available experimental data.