离子液体萃取脱硫新工艺研究

探讨了不同离子液体在不同条件下通过萃取降低汽油中硫含量的可能性．结果表明，较长碳链的DMImBF4离子液体具有很好的深度脱硫性能，并且能够重复使用．同时，研究结果还表明离子液体可以同时降低低碳烯烃的含量，而低碳烯烃的存在可以促进离子液体对汽油中硫的萃取．     

疏水性离子液体对生物油水相馏分中酚类物质的萃取研究

选用疏水性离子液体[Bmim][NTf2]作为萃取剂,对生物油水相馏分中的乙酸、苯酚、愈创木酚、4-甲基愈创木酚进行萃取分离研究,探究萃取时间、萃取剂添加量对萃取率的影响,并借助密度泛函理论(DFT)计算,阐明[Bmim][NTf2]与酚类化合物间的相互作用机理.研究结果表明,在最佳萃取条件(mn/mw=0.4、萃取时...     

不同离子液体双水相萃取钯

为实现贵金属钯的绿色、高效萃取,本文使用有“绿色溶剂”之称的离子液体与磷酸钾形成的双水相体系,不加入其它萃取剂对钯(Ⅱ)进行萃取,并采用浊点法对所研究的6种咪唑类离子液体的双结线和系线进行测定。 结果表明,基于氯离子和溴离子的离子液体成相能力和萃取率无显著差异。 阳离子上支链的疏水性是影响咪唑类离子液体成相能力的关键因素之一。 与不含官能团的离子液体相比,支链上嵌入氨基和腈基的离子液体,成相能力较低,但萃取率分别提高了11.57%和34.26%。 当含腈基的离子液体浓度和磷酸钾浓度分别为5.00%和39.55%时,离子液体双水相体系对钯(Ⅱ)的萃取率可达到100%。 本文的研究成果为设计/选择可利用其双水相体系高效萃取钯(Ⅱ)的离子液体提供了理论基础和数据支持。     

离子液体在微萃取技术中的应用

离子液体是在室温或近于室温下呈液态的熔盐体系,由特定阳离子和阴离子构成。与传统的液态物质相比,离子液体几乎没有蒸气压、不易挥发、能溶解许多无机物和有机物。在样品前处理技术中得到了广泛的应用。微萃取技术是一种简便快速、提取效率高、溶剂用量少、环境友好的样品前处理技术。本文综述了离子液体在微萃取技术(液相微萃取和固相微萃取)中的应用。     

离子液体萃取铂、钯和铑离子的研究进展

铂族金属作为一类不可再生资源,在工业和军工方面有着重要应用,但其在分配和供求上存在严重不均衡,凸显了其资源化回收再利用的重要性.离子液体作为一种性质优良的绿色溶剂,成为科学研究的热点.本文对近年来利用离子液体萃取铂族金属铂、钯和铑等的研究进行了综述,并对其未来的发展方向进行了展望.     

冠醚-离子液体体系对水相中锶离子的萃取研究

本文研究了以一系列离子液体作为介质时,萃取剂二环己基18冠6（DCH18C6）对水相中Sr^2＋的萃取行为．研究结果表明,DCH18C6／离子液体体系对Sr^2＋的萃取性能优于相应的DCH18C6／JE辛醇萃取体系,一定条件下其萃取Sr^2＋的分配比可达10^3量级．同时,体系对Sr^2＋的萃取性能随着离子液体的结构不同而有所差别．在离子液体萃取体系中,随着水相初始硝酸浓度的增加,对Sr^2＋的萃取性能下降．水相中Na^＋、K^＋等离子的存在也会对体系萃取Sr^2＋产生直接影响．本文还验证了离子液体体系萃取Sr^2＋的机理,即以阳离子交换机理为主实现对Sr^2＋的萃取．     

离子液体在萃取技术中的应用

萃取是化学领域应用最广泛的一种单元操作。随着对离子液体研究的不断深入,离子液体以其低毒、低挥发以及可设计等特性,作为环境友好溶剂,在苯系有机物、农药残留、天然有机物、氨基酸、蛋白质、DNA以及金属离子等的萃取、检测技术方面的应用取得了一定的进展,如液液萃取、液相微量萃取、分散相液液微量萃取、固相微量萃取以及含水两相萃取等分离技术中不断有关于离子液体应用的报道,有的甚至取得了非常好的研究成果。本文就离子液体在萃取技术方面的应用,综述了近期国内外的研究进展,探讨了当前存在的问题及研究方向,展望了其应用前景。     

离子液体在蛋白质萃取分离中的应用

离子液体具有独特的物化性质如热稳定性好、不挥发、不易燃和良好的生物兼容性,近年来作为传统有机溶剂的替代物在有机合成、电化学、催化和萃取分离等领域得到了广泛应用。本文简要综述了以离子液体为媒介的萃取体系在蛋白质分离富集和分析中的相关研究和应用进展,包括辅助萃取体系、直接萃取体系、双水相萃取体系、微乳萃取体系、结晶体系和基于离子液体的固相萃取体系等。     

离子液体的结构及其汽油萃取脱硫性能

用不同金属氯化物与氯代甲基咪唑合成离子液体,采用快原子轰击谱测定了这些离子液体的结构,并评价了这些离子液体对汽油萃取脱硫的能力.实验结果表明,由CuCl合成的离子液体中存在稳定的CuCl-2 ,Cu2Cl-3 和Cu3Cl-4 阴离子.这些阴离子可能通过Cu(I)与S的π络合作用而使离子液体具有较高的萃取脱硫效率.经六次萃取后,汽油中的硫含量可以从 650 μg·g-1降至 20~30μg·g-1.     

离子液体在微萃取方面的应用进展

离子液体具有蒸汽压低、热稳定性好、溶解性能高、可设计性和多样性等特性,使其在萃取尤其是微萃取方面得到迅速发展和应用.而在单滴微萃取、分散液相微萃取、液-液-液微萃取和固相微萃取中,离子液体更以其较大的粘度、密度及非挥发性等特性,使得微萃取技术更容易操作,无有机溶剂污染,方法的灵敏度更高,且扩展了微萃取的应用范围.文章综述了近年来离子液体在液相微萃取和固相微萃取方面的应用进展,并对其发展趋势进行了展望.     

Group transfer polymerisation in hydrophobic ionic liquids

For the first time, group transfer polymerisation of methyl methacrylate (MMA) has been successfully carried out at ambient temperatures in an ionic liquid to produce living polymers of improved polydispersity.     

Inclusion complexes of cyclodextrins with hydrophobic ionic liquids

Two imidazolium-based hexafluorophosphate ionic liquids (ILs), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, were used to form inclusion complexes (ICs) with α- and β-cyclodextrins (CDs). Formation of the ICs of each CD with each IL was confirmed by the appearance of a characteristic peak in the UV region. Characterisation of the ICs by NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy provided information about the interactions between the host and guest molecules and the structure of the ICs. Temperature-dependent particle size analysis by dynamic light scattering suggested that the size of the host and the guest governs their stability.     

Solute-induced dissolution of hydrophobic ionic liquids in water

Significant solubilization of ostensibly water-immiscible ionic liquids (ILs) in acidic aqueous phases is induced by the presence of any of a variety of neutral extractants, the apparent result of the formation of the protonated form of the extractant and its subsequent exchange for the cationic component of the IL. The extent of this solubilization is shown to diminish with increasing hydrophobicity of the IL cation and decreasing extractant basicity. These observations raise concerns as to the viability of ILs as “drop in replacements” for traditional organic solvents in the solvent extraction of metal ions.     

New hydrophobic ionic liquids based on perfluoroalkyltrifluoroborate anions

New hydrophobic ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMI⁺) perfluoroalkyltrifluoroborate ([R_fBF₃]⁻) (R_f=C₂F₅,n-C₃F₇, and n-C₄F₉) were prepared in high yield and purity by facile neutralization of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMI⁺) methylcarbonate (MeOCO₂⁻) with aqueous H_solv.[R_fBF₃]_solv. solutions. All the salts prepared were characterized by , , NMR, MS and elemental analysis, and thermal and electrochemical properties of these salts have been measured. [EMI][C₂F₅BF₃] melted at lower temperature (−1 °C) than [EMI][BF₄] (13 °C), resulting in higher conductivity at low temperature. Its application to double-layer capacitors (DLCs) was examined.     

Dehydrogenation of ammonia borane aided by hydrophobic ionic liquids

The beneficial effect on the dehydrogenation of ammonia borane due to mixing with hydrophobic ionic liquids (ILs) is investigated by means of detailed combined TG–DTA and IR measurements. Desorption of several mixtures of ammonia borane with hydrophobic ILs having bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-imide or trifluorosulfonyl-imide anions was studied in both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. The addition of hydrophobic liquids lowers the dehydrogenation temperatures and allows the observation of the decomposition process without any induction time even at temperatures below 90 °C. The IR data of the products of the decomposition confirm that ILs do not react with AB but provide an highly polar medium which promotes the decomposition reaction. Furthermore, the proposed method to enhance hydrogen release from ammonia borane provides the possibility of working in air avoiding any protective atmosphere.     

Extraction behavior of lanthanides using a diglycolamide derivative TODGA in ionic liquids

Liquid-liquid extraction of lanthanides from aqueous solutions into ionic liquids (ILs) has been investigated using N,N,N',N'-tetra(n-octyl)diglycolamide (TODGA) as an extractant, and compared with that in the isooctane system. Application of ILs as the extracting phase provided unprecedented enhancement of the extraction performance of TODGA for lanthanides compared with that of the isooctane system. Slope analysis confirmed that TODGA in ILs formed a 1 : 3 complex with La(3+), Eu(3+), or Lu(3+). On the other hand, the molar ratios of species extracted into isooctane were 1 : 3 for La(3+) or 1 : 4 for Eu(3+) and Lu(3+), depending on the atomic number of the lanthanide. The transfer of lanthanides with TODGA into ILs proceeded via a cation-exchange mechanism, in contrast to ion pair extraction in the isooctane system. Furthermore, we clarified that TODGA provided selectivity for the middle lanthanides in the ILs systems, but heavier lanthanides in the isooctane system.     

Task-specific microextractions using ionic liquids

Ionic liquids (ILs) have been the focus of many scientific investigations including the field of analytical microextractions. ILs have many advantages over traditional organic solvents making them excellent candidates as extraction media for a variety of microextraction techniques. Many physical properties of ILs can be varied, and the structural design and make-up can be tuned to impart desired functionality for enhancement of analyte extraction selectivity, efficiency, and sensitivity. This paper provides a brief overview of ionic liquids and highlights trends in three important sample-preparation techniques, namely, single drop microextraction, solid-phase microextraction, and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction in terms of performing task-specific extractions using these highly versatile solvents.     

Micellar electrophoresis using ionic liquids

In this study, ionic liquid based cationic surfactants were evaluated as pseudo-stationary phases in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). The aggregation behaviour of long-chain (C(12) and C(14)) alkylimidazolium ionic liquids in water and aqueous phosphate buffer was investigated by spectrophotometry. The critical micelle concentrations of these salts were determined and compared to those of tetradecyl- and dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, salts commonly used in capillary electrophoresis. The practical utilization of a new type of surfactant in MEKC was evaluated by introducing an ionic liquid into the running aqueous buffer to separate neutral analytes-methylresorcinol isomers and benzene derivatives.     

Immiscible electrolyte systems based on asymmetric hydrophobic room temperature ionic liquids

The effect on the melting point of the introduction of asymmetry in tetraalkylammonium halide salts has been investigated leading to the synthesis of new, hydrophobic (room temperature) ionic liquids suitable for liquid/liquid electrochemistry; one of these, tri(hexyl)decylammonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, displays the largest electrochemical window observed to date for a biphasic room temperature ionic liquid system.