EAST超导托卡马克冷屏结构与受力分析

EAST是一个全超导磁体系统的托卡马克实验装置,超导纵场和极向场磁体工作在4K温区下。在磁 体和其它发热部件之间布置有冷屏系统,以减少作用到所有低温冷质部件上的热载,将其保持在最低水平。该系 统包括真空室冷屏(内冷屏)和外真空杜瓦冷屏(外冷屏)两部分。在分析了冷屏低温运行时所受热应力以及等离 子体破裂时所受电磁载荷的基础上,运用大型有限元分析程序NASTRAN,对其不同载荷状况进行了数值计算,为其 结构设计与优化提供了理论依据。     

ITER馈线系统CTB盒冷屏多层绝热结构传热性能的实验研究

线圈终端盒(CTB)是保证ITER装置可靠运行的关键部件之一,为磁体系统与低温车间、电源大厅、数据采集系统和低温控制元件提供4.5K的超低温工作环境。线圈终端盒(CTB)内部设有80K冷屏,以吸收室温环境对其内部工作空间带来的辐射热负荷,在杜瓦和冷屏中间,设有30mm的真空多层绝热夹层。首先采用量热法和称重法,对多层绝热试件进行了热性能测试,然后分别与理论分析和CTB原型件系统实验结果进行对比,得出了CTB盒中多层绝热结构的热性能参数,为下一步大规模生产提供了有力的技术支持。     

CFETR杜瓦冷屏初步设计与热分析

选择304LN 不锈钢作为冷屏的制作材料,将杜瓦冷屏分为16 个扇区,每个扇区由20 个子部分组成,在每一个子部分上布置相应的冷却管。选择液氦作为冷却剂。为检验杜瓦冷屏结构是否符合设计要求,分析了杜瓦冷屏的传热方式以及冷却原理,利用FLUENT 软件对设计的冷屏结构进行了热分析,得到了杜瓦冷屏面板的温度分布情况以及冷却管道进出口压力差。结果表明,杜瓦冷屏面板温度和冷却管道进出口压力差在合理范围内,验证了冷却管道布局的合理性,为后续杜瓦冷屏的设计提供了重要参考。     

45T混合磁体外超导磁体真空系统的研究

根据45T稳态混合磁体外超导磁体实验装置对试验平台的真空要求,外超导磁体运行在4.5K的低温环境下,为了超导磁体的正常稳定的运行,需将超导磁体系统置于具有一定真空度的杜瓦中,且杜瓦真空水平要求苛刻。设计了45T混合磁体外超导磁体真空系统,最后通过对外超导磁体线圈的检漏,对比了设计参数,结果表明,该真空系统可以稳定运行,满足设计要求。     

制冷机冷却型超导磁体杜瓦的研制

介绍了带制冷机冷却的超导磁体系统杜瓦的设计、制作及实验结果分析。杜瓦采用 4 0 K、10 K双制冷屏结构 ,其室温磁场孔径为 75 mm,长 4 15 m m。试验结果为 :液氦蒸发率为 0 .6 9升 /天 (在 2 0天连续试验期内 ) ,优于合同规定的指标 (2 .4升 /天 )。双制冷屏由一台双级 G- M制冷机冷却 ,工作时一级冷屏温度为 35 K,二级冷屏温度为 7.0 K。磁体系统的磁场强度为 3T,满足了用户的使用要求     

μ子源超导俘获线圈测试杜瓦设计与校核

根据高μ子源超导俘获线圈整体测试系统的要求,设计了μ子源超导俘获线圈测试杜瓦系统.包含液氦杜瓦、真空杜瓦及绝热冷屏,采用Solidworks软件对测试杜瓦系统进行3D建模.通过对绝热冷屏统进行了详细的传热学计算,绝热冷屏的可以满足μ子源超导俘获线圈测试过程的漏热需求;根据μ子源超导俘获线圈测试实际工况,对真空杜瓦和液氦杜瓦进行了Ansys有限元软件分析与校核,得到杜瓦详细的应力及变形结果,分析表明,测试杜瓦的设计较为合理,可以作为工程设计的理论计算依据     

低温超导磁体杜瓦装置的结构设计与传热分析

介绍了低温超导磁体杜瓦装置的结构设计和传热分析。为了获得有效的超导磁体运行的低温环境,研制了一套采用真空多层绝热、铜辐射冷屏、蛇形排气管结构形式的绝热系统,省去了传统的在内杜瓦外面添加液氮屏的结构,简化了工艺结构,操作方便,绝热效果良好。通过传热理论计算表明,液氦的损耗量小于技术要求的0.9 L/h指标,能够保证超导磁体系统能够在一定的低温环境下长时间的运行。     

大型液氦杜瓦结构设计与漏热分析

为了维持较低的液氦蒸发率,对液氦杜瓦的整体结构设计及漏热要求极高。本文建立了以蒸发冷氦气作为冷屏冷源的杜瓦的结构强度设计以及绝热系统设计方法,利用三维软件建模、仿真软件进行热传导、热固耦合仿真分析,对液氦杜瓦的结构强度、漏热进行了系统分析,实现了容积为4 000 L时漏热为1.37 W、日蒸发率为1.15%气冷屏结构的液氦杜瓦,为蒸发氦气为冷屏的大型液氦杜瓦提供了设计思路。     

获得1K级低温及其热分析

本文报道由液氦(~4Hc)获得1K级低温的减压降温装置技术及其热分析.实验结果已达到1.17 K.测量了实验杜瓦的轴向温度分布.已用于超流氦温度下复合材料导热系数的实验研究和氦λ点温度以下温度计的标定.     

40T混合磁体杜瓦平台结构设计及性能分析

根据40T稳态混合磁体实验装置对试验杜瓦平台的要求,设计了40T混合磁体外真空杜瓦机械结构,采用ANSYS对杜瓦结构进行了稳定性分析和结构优化,最后用激光跟踪仪进行了测量.ANSYS数值模拟结果和激光跟踪仪测量实际数据对比分析,实际测量的最大变形在理论计算范围以内.     

基于ANSYS的传导冷却超导磁体系统的热分析

在传导冷却超导磁体系统中,超导磁体与系统其它部分的温度平衡过程是依靠固体间的热传导来实现热量传递的。由于超导磁体和冷屏等低温部件冷却条件的差异,将导致磁体内部各处和冷屏不同部位的温度分布不均匀。分析研究超导磁体系统的低温温度分布状况,对于低温系统的热设计和磁体的温度裕度设计具有重要意义。文中借助于ANSYS有限元分析软件,建立了一个大口径传导冷却超导磁体低温系统的稳态三维热分析模型,仿真了超导磁体和冷屏的空间温度场,得到了传导冷却超导磁体低温系统的热分布规律。该分析结果对于大口径传导冷却超导磁体的低温系统设计具有重要的参考价值。     

Experimental And Analytical Investigation Of Steady-State Thermal Profile Of Forced-Flow Ln2-Cooled Thermal Radiation Shield For Superconducting Linear Accelerator Cryomodule

Acceleration of heavy ions through the superconducting linear accelerator is achieved by superconducting resonators housed in the cryomodules operating at 4.2 K. In the cryomodule, radiation heat flow from the ambient to the 600 kg of cold mass at 4.2 K is thermally screened by the intermediate thermal shield made of copper. The six surfaces of 17 m² total surface area of the box-shaped thermal shield are cooled in series by the forced flow of liquid nitrogen at 3.2 bar absolute pressure. The boiling temperature of liquid nitrogen at 3.2 bar is 90 K. The steady-state temperatures of the different surfaces of the thermal shield are in the range of 96–115 K at 21.25 L/h flow rate. The steady-state thermal profile of the different surfaces of the thermal shield has also been estimated for different flow rates using a simple analytical technique. The analytical thermal profile of the thermal shield has been correlated with the experimental measurement.     

G-M制冷机辐射屏温度随动控制

该文提出低温与超导系统温度控制新方法 -基于泛逻辑代数的温度随动控制。这是一种以低温实验为基础 ,依据概念和专家知识的泛逻辑控制 ,控制特性用一组泛逻辑代数方程描述 ,从而可以有效解决 G- M制冷机辐射屏温度的随动控制问题。该系统可应用于低温界面热阻实验和超导材料热物性测试等。温度随动控温范围为 4 0 K- 15 0 K,精度优于3K。这对低温与超导技术等有重要意义     

用于射频超导腔制造的大晶粒铌材热导研究（英）

大晶粒铌材由于声子峰效应在2 K温度具有良好的热导,这有助于提高超导腔的热稳定性。对宁夏东方钽业股份有限公司（OTIC）生产的大晶粒铌材在不同热处理条件下的热导和晶格缺陷开展了研究,结果表明经过超过800 ℃的热处理,OTIC的大晶粒铌材能够恢复声子峰,这与之前DESY的测量结果不同。认为用其加工的超导腔有望具备较好热稳定性。     

Thermal performance analysis of vacuum variable-temperature blackbody system

In this paper, the design and structure of a vacuum variable-temperature blackbody system were described, and the steady-state thermal analysis of a 3-D blackbody model was presented. Also, the thermal performance of the blackbody was evaluated using an infrared camera system. The blackbody system was constructed to operate under vacuum conditions (2.67 × 10⁻² Pa) to reduce its temperature uncertainty, which can be caused by vapor condensation at low temperatures usually below 273.15 K. A heat sink and heat shield including a cold shield were embedded around the radiator to maintain the heat balance of the blackbody. A simplified 3-D model of the blackbody including a radiator, heat sink, heat shield, cold shield, and heat source was thermophysically evaluated by performing finite elements analysis using the extended Stefan–Boltzmann’s rule, and the infrared radiating performance of the developed system was analyzed using an infrared camera system. On the basis of the results of measurements and simulations, we expect that the suggested blackbody system can serve as a highly stable reference source for the calibration and measurement of infrared optical systems within operational temperature ranges.     

Thermal expansion of a YBa2Cu3O7 superconducting ceramic

The thermal expansion of the High T_c superconducting ceramic YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ has been measured from 50 K up to room temperature by means of a capacitance dilatometer. No detectable anomalous change in lenght is observed at the critical temperature T_c, within the resolution of our experimental set up: Δl/l = 5 10⁻⁸. This indicates a weak dependence of T_c on pressure, contrarily to the one measured on (LaBa)CuO lower T_c superconducting ceramics. The Debye temperature is also estimated.     

Transition edge sensor system for material analysis using transmission electron microscope

We have developed a Transition Edge Sensor (TES) – Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) for Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) based on a dilution refrigerator. The dilution refrigerator was cooled by liquid helium (L-He), which was supplied from an L-He container separated from the dilution refrigerator. We adopted the hybrid magnetic shields combining a permalloy shield and a NbTi/Nb/Cu superconducting shield to operate the TEM–TES system under a magnetic field of 200 mT. The permalloy shield was used to prevent the ambient magnetic field until the NbTi superconducting shield cooled from room temperature (RT) to 2 K. The critical magnetic field was 220 mT for the TES change from a superconducting state to a normal state. The SQUID – current vs. bias current curve, under the condition that the snout was inserted in the TEM, was equal to the curve of the snout that was out of the TEM. The C (0 0 2) planes could be observed at 120 kV under the condition the snout was inserted in the TEM.     

Thermal stabilization of the resistive states of superconducting composites: Quasilinear approximation

The conditions of the occurrence and development of thermal instabilities in the composite superconductor with a continuously increasing current-voltage characteristic, which is described by the power equation, have been studied. The conditions for thermal stabilization have been analyzed in the general form using dimensionless variables that keep their invariance when varying. For the local temperature disturbance, the critical energies and velocities of its irreversible propagation have been calculated. It has been proved that composites superconductors can have stable states, when the ultimate currents can be higher or lower of the conventionally preset critical current of the composite. Furthermore, superconductivity destruction at supercritical currents takes place not in the form of a stepwise transition from the superconducting to normal state, but due to the formation of thermal and electric switching waves that propagate along the composite superconductor with a constant speed. The condition for full thermal stabilization has been formulated for the superconducting composites with a power current–voltage characteristic. The results of the numerical experiments have proved that the existing theory of thermal stabilization, which assumes a stepwise superconducting–normal transition, leads to the considerable limitation of the range of the stable currents, at which a superconducting state can be kept.     

液氦温区脉管制冷的实验研究

本文研制了一台可以用于低温超导磁体冷却的液氦温区分离型二级脉管制冷机．单独测试第一级最低达到了13．8K，是单级脉管制冷机最低制冷温度新纪录；在40K温度下具有55．9W制冷量，可望在高温超导磁体冷却方面获得广泛应用．使用单压缩机单旋转阀驱动二级脉管，二级最低温度达到了2．6K，在4．2K下有590mW制冷量，同时一级在36．7K有15W的制冷量，满足小型低温超导磁体冷却的要求．