非MAO的茂钛均相催化体系催化苯乙烯间规聚合——[Cp~*TiMe_3]/[Ph_3C]~+[B(C_6F_5)_4]~-催化体系

非ＭＡＯ的茂钛均相催化体系催化苯乙烯间规聚合———［ＣｐＴｉＭｅ３］／［Ｐｈ３Ｃ］＋［Ｂ（Ｃ６Ｆ５）４］－催化体系许光学林尚安（中山大学高分子研究所广州５１０２７５）关键词茂钛络合物，茂金属催化剂，苯乙烯，间规聚苯乙烯间规聚苯乙烯（ｓＰＳ）由于具...     

茂钛催化剂聚1-丁烯的合成

茂金属催化烯烃聚合以其高活性、定向性等特点受到广泛重视.Ｋａｍｉｎｓｋｙ[1～4]等用二茂基(Ｃｐ、Ｉｎｄ和Ｆｌｕ)过渡金属(Ｔｉ、Ｚｒ和Ｈｆ)化合物/ＭＡＯ催化剂催化1丁烯聚合,可得到间规(ｓＰＢ)、无规(ａＰＢ)或等规(ｉＰＢ)聚1丁烯.Ｌｉｎ[5]和Ｗｕ[6]分别用单茂基的ＣｐＴｉ(ＯＰｒ)3/ＭＡＯ和ＣｐＴｉ(ＯＢｚ)3/ＭＡＯ催化剂进行丙烯聚合,都得到无规聚丙烯(ａＰＰ),并研究了催化体系中Ｔｉ氧化态分布,认为Ｔｉ+4有利于α烯烃聚合.有关用单茂钛化合物/ＭＡＯ催化体系催化1丁烯聚合的研究目前较少文献报道.本文用新型茂钛催化剂—…     

MgCl_2负载(dbm)_2Ti(OPh)_2催化乙烯聚合

烯烃聚合的新型非茂催化剂由于合成相对简便并具有一些新特点,近年来开始受到人们的关注[1,2].ＩＶＢ族金属的β二酮络合物与烷基铝或烷氧基铝形成的催化体系对烯烃聚合也显现出一定的聚合活性.在一定压力下,β二酮锆/ＭＡＯ均相催化乙烯聚合时具有较高聚合活性[3].β二酮钛催化剂对于丙烯无规聚合和苯乙烯间规聚合均有较好结果[4～6].本文将报道用ＭｇＣｌ2负载的二苯氧基二(二苯甲酰甲烷)钛络合物((ｄｂｍ)2Ｔｉ(ＯＰｈ)2),以甲基铝氧烷(ＭＡＯ)为助催化剂,常压催化乙烯聚合的结果.1　原料ＭｇＣｌ2为抚顺301厂产品.ＭＡＯ(1.4ｍｏｌ/Ｌ甲…     

聚合物负载的CpTiCl3催化苯乙烯间规聚合

苯乙烯间规聚合催化剂［１］的发现引起了工业界和学术界的重视［２～４］,现已积极开展了各方面的工作,其中之一就是将催化剂负载化［５～９］．但是以往的研究表明,将均相催化剂负载于无机载体上,如Ａｌ２Ｏ３,ＭｇＣｌ２和ＳｉＯ２等,催化剂的活性大大降低,所得...     

C1桥联的茂金属化合物（Cp）CR1R2（Flu）MCl2的合成及其 …

合成了６种单碳桥联的含芴（Ｆｌｕ）茂（Ｃｐ）基ⅣＢ族茂金属催化剂,研究了它们催化烯烃聚合的能力。通过ＩＲ,＾１Ｈ ＮＭＲ,ＥＩ－ＭＳ和元素分析对化合物进行了表征。用所合成的茂金属化合物与ＭＡＯ所组成的催化体系对乙烯、丙烯的聚合进行了研究。其中金属为Ｔｉ的催化剂没有聚合活性或活性极低。金属为Ｚｒ的催化剂有一定的催化活性,用不同的催化剂得到的聚合物性质有一定的差异。     

单茂钛化合物/MAO/AlR_3均相催化体系合成sPS与aPP研究

先考察部分水解三甲基铝（ＴＭＡ）制备固体改性甲基铝氧烷（ｍ ＭＡＯ）时，反应物Ｈ２Ｏ和ＴＭＡ的摩尔比对固体产物ｍ ＭＡＯ中ＴＭＡ含量的影响；然后考察不同的钛化合物特别是茂钛化合物（ＬｎＴｉＸｎ′，ｎ＝１，２，ｎ′＝２，３）和ｍ ＭＡＯ组成的均相催化体系分别进行苯乙烯间规聚合和丙烯无规聚合的效果作比较．在此基础上分析以茂基三正丙氧基钛［ＣｐＴｉ（ＯＰｒｎ）３］为主催化剂，不同ＴＭＡ含量的ｍ ＭＡＯ为助催化剂，及外加各种烷基铝（ＡｌＲ３）所组成的催化体系中钛的氧化数，同时对苯乙烯间规聚合和丙烯无规聚合进行比较研究，从中发现活性中心钛的氧化数以Ｔｉ（Ⅲ）为主时有利于苯乙烯间规聚合，不利于丙烯无规聚合；而氧化数以Ｔｉ（Ⅳ）为主时则对丙烯无规聚合有利．苯乙烯间规聚合时，外加烷基铝可节省ＭＡＯ用量．     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯在环烷酸钕—三异丁基铝α,α‘—联吡啶催化体系中聚？…

自６０年代以来,Ｚｉｅｇｌｅｒ型催化剂用于极性单体甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＭＡ）的聚合研究较多,如由钛、矾、铁等过渡金属化合物与烷基铝组成的催化剂［１～３］．近年来出现了锆、稀土配位催化聚合ＭＭＡ及其他丙烯酸酯的报道［４～６］,这些催化剂引发ＭＭＡ聚合机理相当复杂,有的为自由基型,有的则为配位阴离子型．本文报道极性单体ＭＭＡ在环烷酸钕三异丁基铝α,α’联吡啶体系中的聚合特征和聚合反应动力学,并初步探讨了反应机理．１　原料及试剂甲基丙烯酸甲酯为化学纯,按常法纯制．苯、甲苯、四氢呋喃、石油醚、环己烷…     

CpTiCl2(OR)/MAO体系催化苯乙烯间规聚合的研究

茂金属催化剂广泛应用于催化α-烯烃和苯乙烯的定向聚合. 与传统的Ziegler-Natta催化剂相比, 茂金属催化剂催化活性中心单一, 聚合过程立体定向性强, 且往往得到用常规方法所不能得到的新型聚合物［1～5］. Ishihara等［6］首次采用钛金属有机化合物与甲基铝氧烷(MAO)体系催化苯乙烯聚合, 分离得到间规聚苯乙烯, 从此揭开了苯乙烯定向聚合的新篇章, 合成了大量茂金属有机化合物, 用于催化苯乙烯间规聚合, 其中半夹心结构的茂金属化合物CpTiX3［7,8］, IndTiCl3［3,4,9,10］［Cp=(未)取代环戊二烯基, Ind=(未)取代茚基; X=Cl, F, 烷氧基等］具有最好的催化活性及间规定向性. (CpHMe4)TiF3［8］催化活性高达1.01×108 g PS/(mol Ti*h), 间规度≥95%.     

含8-羟基喹啉类配体的新型钛配合物[O,N]CpTiCl_2的合成及其催化乙烯聚合研究

茂金属催化烯烃聚合的活性中心被认为是1 4电子结构的金属阳离子配合物 [Ｃｐ2 ＭＲ]+ (Ｒ为烷基 ) ,并且金属中心的Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸性和周围茂配体的空间构型对其催化活性及聚合产物的结构有直接的影响[1,2 ] .然而 ,茂金属须大量ＭＡＯ存在下才能显示高活性 ,并且其稳定性较差 ,这都一定程度上限制了茂金属催化剂的实际应用 .近几年来 ,将含非环戊二烯基配体的金属配合物应用于烯烃均相聚合的研究大量出现[3] ,其中非环戊二烯基配体有含氮化合物[4～ 9] 和含氧化合物[10～ 15] 等 ,这些非茂配合物可催化乙烯或丙烯聚合 ,但活性一般较低 .茂金…     

合成高分子量无规聚丙烯的研究 Ⅰ.单茂基钛化合物/MAO催化丙烯聚合

用合成得到的五甲基环戊二烯基三苄氧基钛［ＣｐＴｉ（ＯＢｚ）３］与甲基铝氧烷（ＭＡＯ）组成新型催化体系进行丙烯的均聚合,研究了影响聚合活性及产物分子量的各种因素．结果表明,用甲基取代钛化合物茂环上的氢可使聚合产物分子量增大一个数量级,所制得的聚丙烯为无规聚丙烯,具有高分子量（Ｍｗ＝２０～１００×１０４）．     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.