利用多酸在SBA-15孔道中制备组分可调的氧化钼-五氧化二钒纳米线

A new approach was developed to fabricate nanowires of mixed oxides MoO3-V2O5 inside the channels of mesoporous silica SBA-15. The method involves functionalization of the channel surface of SBA-15 with aminosilane groups, immobilization of Keggin-type molybdovanadophosphoric acids through an acid-base interaction, and heat treatment. The immobilization of the heteropolyacid containing mixed addenda makes the molar ratio of the loaded components controllable. The formation of the MoO3-V2O5 nanowires inside the channels was monitored by variable temperature in situ XRD. The materials obtained by heat treatment at 400℃ for 5 h were characterized by TEM, N2-sorption measurements, laser Raman spectra and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra. Further heat treatment of the MoO3-V2O5 nanowires inside the SBA-15 channels at higher temperature (700℃) destroys the framework integrity of SBA-15 by complete sublimation of MoO3 through the SBA-15 channel walls.     

电沉积法制备金属纳米线阵列膜的偏光特性

Metal nanowire array films were prepared by electrodepositing Cu, Ag, Ni, Co and Cu-Ag on porous anodic alumina film. Optical transmittance of both the porous anodic alumina film and metal nanowire array film was measured in the wavelength range of 400---2600 nm under an obliquely incident light. The experimental results show that metal nanowire array films exhibit a prominent polarization function. It was found that optical polarization properties can be improved by choosing suitable kinds of electrodepositing metal, controlling the shape and length of nanowire, and changing the incident angle.     

Direct electrodeposition of FeCoZn wire arrays from a zinc chloride-based ionic liquid

The use of Zinc chloride-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid enables facile template-free electrochemical fabrication of arrays of polycrystalline ternary FeCoZn nanowires with diameter of 100–200 nm by controlling the deposition potential. The nanowire arrays were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy.     

层状溶致液晶中电沉积铂纳米线

以非离子表面活性剂四氧乙烯基正十二烷基醚与氯铂酸水溶液构建层状溶致液晶, 通过电沉积技术制备了金属铂纳米线. 分别采用偏光显微镜、小角X射线散射对液晶进行结构分析, 通过透射电镜和能量弥散X射线谱分析观测产物形貌并确定其组成. 结果表明, 相对于饱和甘汞电极, 沉积电势在0.05～0.20 V范围内, 金属铂沿表面活性剂双分子层膜生长, 反应前后液晶相的长程周期性结构无明显变化; 在0.10 V沉积电势下, 随反应时间从960 s延长至3840 s, 去除表面活性剂后沉积产物分别为层状纳米粒子、层状纳米线以及长度达十几微米且致密的纳米线. 讨论了层状液晶对沉积产物的结构导向作用.     

MnO2纳米线支撑中空十二面体CoNi2S4的制备及其电化学性能

采用简单的室温搅拌法和一步硫化法制备了 MnO₂纳米线支撑中空十二面体 CoNi₂S₄ (MnO₂/CoNi₂S₄)电极材料。超长MnO₂纳米线为电子转移提供了直接路径,而且其较大的长径比有利于形成自支撑的三维导电网络结构;中空多孔的CoNi₂S₄提供了更丰富的活性位点,同时缓解了充放电过程中的体积变化。得益于以上优势,MnO₂/CoNi₂S₄在1 A·g^-1时具有1 531.1 F·g^-1的比电容,在 10 A·g^-1时具有 86.9% 的电容保持率。利用 MnO₂/CoNi₂S₄作为正极、活性炭(AC)为负极组装的 MnO₂/CoNi₂S₄||AC器件实现了高能量密度(800 W·kg^-1时40 Wh·kg^-1)和优异的循环稳定性(5 000次循环后保持64.8%)。     

MnO2纳米线支撑中空十二面体CoNi2S4的制备及其电化学性能

采用简单的室温搅拌法和一步硫化法制备了 MnO₂纳米线支撑中空十二面体 CoNi₂S₄ (MnO₂/CoNi₂S₄)电极材料。超长MnO₂纳米线为电子转移提供了直接路径,而且其较大的长径比有利于形成自支撑的三维导电网络结构;中空多孔的CoNi₂S₄提供了更丰富的活性位点,同时缓解了充放电过程中的体积变化。得益于以上优势,MnO₂/CoNi₂S₄在1 A·g^-1时具有1 531.1 F·g^-1的比电容,在 10 A·g^-1时具有 86.9% 的电容保持率。利用 MnO₂/CoNi₂S₄作为正极、活性炭(AC)为负极组装的 MnO₂/CoNi₂S₄||AC器件实现了高能量密度(800 W·kg^-1时40 Wh·kg^-1)和优异的循环稳定性(5 000次循环后保持64.8%)。     

Characterization of Iron Metal Corrosion in Liquid Smoke Coagulant

Latex coagulant is one of important factors on natural rubber processing because it will determine the quality of rubber end products. One of the coagulants that produce good quality natural rubber is liquid smoke. The use of liquid smoke as coagulant is thought to cause corrosion in processing equipment commonly made of iron or steel. The objectives of this study were to identify and to study the characteristic of iron metal corrosion in the solution of liquid smoke coagulant. The treatment of liquid smoke as corrosion media consisted of 100% pure liquid smoke (AC100), 10% pure liquid smoke (AC10), 100% liquid smoke formula (FA100) and 10% liquid smoke formula (FA10). The method used was weight loss method with the planned interval test. The removal of corrosion products on the metal specimen was done by pickling method based on ASTM G1-81. The results showed that corrosion rate of the liquid smoke and its formula was around 0.05-0.23 mm per years. Corrosion resistance of iron metal in liquid smoke coagulant was categorized as good level. This analysis indicated that liquid smoke coagulant and its formula has very low corrosivity level. The visualization with 10x magnification showed that the corrosion attack was clearly visible on the iron metal surface.     

Bismuth colloids and films from non-aqueous solvents

Bismuth colloids and metal-metal oxide films have been prepared by the method Chemical Liquid Deposition (CLD). The metal is evaporated to yield atoms which are solvated at liquid nitrogen temperature, and upon warming stable liquid colloids, are formed with particle size ranging between 50–350 Å. Zeta potentials were calculated according to the convention of Hunter and the Hückel equation, for most of these negatively charged particles. Upon solvent removal, colloidal particles coalesce to form films, which contain some residual solvent. The synthesis of colloids and films from Bi with acetone, 2-butanone, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, ethanol, 2-propanol, DMF, THF, DMSO, benzene and toluene is reported. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) allows us to determine particle size. FTIR, Thermogravimetric Analyses (TGA) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) have aided in film characterization. These studies indicate that solvents are incorporated into the films. Resistivity studies showed that they behave as semiconductors rather than pure metals. TGA studies reveal that loss of weight occurs within 244–453°C. The films are very stable with 5–30% weight loss at 550°C.     

液态金属电极的电化学储能应用

液态金属电极电导率高,电极界面容易构建,在充放电过程中可有效避免电极结构形变、枝晶生长等问题,在储能电池领域具有重要应用价值.本文主要讨论了液态金属电极在液态金属电池、钠硫电池和ZEBRA电池中的应用进展,重点介绍了液态金属电池关键材料体系、充放电机制及电池构型等,评述了液态金属电极储能应用中涉及的熔盐电解质、固态陶瓷...     

原子吸收光谱法测定益寿回春口服液中砷铅镉铬汞的含量

采用原子吸收光谱法测定了益寿回春口服液中砷、铅、镉、铬和汞的含量,并参照食品中重金属的限量规定进行了比较。结果表明,益寿回春口服液中的砷、铅、镉、铬和汞均低于限量标准,为该产品的质量控制提供了依据。     

微波消解样品-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定双黄连口服液及其药材中重金属元素

双黄连口服液及其中药材金银花、连翘和黄芩苷样品用硝酸-过氧化氢(3+1)混合溶液浸泡过夜,微波消解。并用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GF-AAS)测定了铅、镉、铬、铜、铁和锌的含量。磷酸二氢铵、8-羟基喹啉和硒(Ⅱ)分别被用作测定铅,镉,铜和铁、铬以及锌的基体改进剂。在优化的试验条件下,方法的回收率在90.4%～106.0%之间,相对标准偏差(n=5)在1.8%～4.6%之间。试验结果表明,双黄连口服液及其中药材中铁、锌、铜的含量较为丰富,铅和镉含量低于"药用植物及制剂外经贸绿色行业标准"。     

液相色谱法分离金属螯合物的进展

综述了用薄层液相色谱法和柱液相色谱法分离金属螯合物的进展及其在金属离子分析方面的应用。     

电解质水溶液结构研究进展及前景*

叙述盐湖中主要离子Li⁺ 、Na⁺ 、K⁺ 、Mg²⁺ 、Ca²⁺ 、Cl^- 、SO^2-₄ 、NO^-₃ 的水溶液和纯水的结构, 简单介绍了主要的研究方法, 分析讨论了溶液结构研究的现状和发展前景。     

Proton ionizable crown compounds. 18. Comparison of alkali metal transport in a H2O-CH2Cl2-H2O liquid membrane system by four proton-ionizable macrocycles containing the dialkylhydrogenphosphate moiety

The macrocycle-mediated fluxes of alkali, alkaline earth, and several transition metal cations have been determined and compared in a H₂O-CH₂Cl₂-H₂O liquid membrane system using four water-insoluble macrocycles containing a dialkylhydrogenphosphate moiety. Transport of alkali metal cations by these ligands was greatest from a source phase pH = 12 or above into an acid receiving phase (pH = 1.5). Very low fluxes were observed for the transport of the alkaline earth cations and all transition metal ions studied except Ag⁺ and Pb²⁺ which were transported reasonably well by these new macrocycles.Deceased: September 5, 1987.     

稀土金属在离子液体中催化甲苯的选择性硝化反应

摘 要 将稀土金属盐负载在己内酰胺类离子液体上组成稀土金属盐和离子液体的复合物作为催化剂和溶剂,用于催化甲苯与等摩尔67%硝酸的硝化反应,利用核磁共振对离子液体的结构进行了表征。考察了不同的反应温度、反应时间及催化剂的种类和用量等因素对甲苯硝化反应的产率和对位选择性的影响。得出反应的最佳反应条件为：反应温度55℃,反应时间24h,苯磺酸镱（Yb）和苯磺酸离子液体（CPBSO）用量分别占甲苯的摩尔分数为5%和10%。产物硝基甲苯中邻、对位异构体质量比o/p=1.1,较硝硫混酸硝化(o/p=1.6)显著降低,产率达46.5 %。离子液体重复使用4次均表现出较好的催化活性及对位选择性。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定电镀污泥浸出液中的重金属

采用硫酸-硝酸溶液浸提电镀污泥中的重金属,建立电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定电镀污泥浸出液中铜、锌、镍、铬、铅、镉、钡元素的分析方法。研究了仪器的工作条件及影响检测方法的干扰因素和消除。在选定的条件下,线性相关系数均为0.9999,检出限为0.002～0.01 mg/L,加标回收率为93.5%～106.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于10%(n=6)。该方法准确快速,可用于电镀污泥浸出液中多种重金属的含量测定。