Deriving Spin within a Discrete-Time Theory

We prove that the classical theory with a discrete time (chronon) is a particular case of a more general theory in which spinning particles are associated with generalized Lagrangians containing time-derivatives of any order (a theory that has been called “Non-Newtonian Mechanics”). As a consequence, we get, for instance, a classical kinematical derivation of Hamiltonian and spin vector for the mentioned chronon theory (e.g., in Caldirola et al.’s formulation). Namely, we show that the extension of classical mechanics obtained by the introduction of an elementary time-interval does actually entail the arising of an intrinsic angular momentum; so that it may constitute a possible alternative to string theory in order to account for the internal degrees of freedom of the microsystems.     

A Semiclassical Theory of Multistep Nuclear Reaction Processes

The master equation theory of precompound and compound nuclear reactions has been generalized with inclusion of the conservation of angular momentum and parity. This improved semiclassical theory has been extended for application as an evaluation tool of the calculations of nucleon induced reaction cross sections and double differential cross sections. For structural materials at incident neutron energies below 20 MeV, it is demonstrated that the constructed model contains the Hauser-Feshbach, Weisskopf-Ewing as well as the exciton models as limiting cases. The unified treatment ofpre-equilibrium processes includes a number of interesting features, such as the exciton state densities with the exact Pauli exclusion correction which are renormalized to the back-shifted Fermi-gas formula, the introduction of formation factors of composite particle in calculations of pick-up type composite particle emission and the double differential cross sections (DDCS) for all kinds of particles in terms of the leading particle model.     

Stochastic Theory of Molecular Replication Processes with Selection Character

The replication of molecular sequences, e.g. of biopolymers, is considered as a stationary Markov process. Following Eigen, two types of competing constraints are discussed: 1. Condition of constant overall number;2. constant supply of raw material. For both cases the master equations in the occupation number space are given and the relation to Eigens deterministic theory is discussed. A few computer calculations for the evolution of molecular sequences are given.     

硅衬底上锗硅合金光波导设计及工艺的优化考虑

报道用射频加热化学气相沉积法制备Ｓｉ／ＧｅＳｉ／Ｓｉ大断面单模脊形光波导中设计和工艺的进一步完善，ＧｅＳｉ合金层中Ｇｅ的含量Ｘ要满足脊形光波导是单模，光波导的数值，孔径接近单模光纤值，脊高小于临界厚度值等，计算表明兼顾上述三项要求应取ｘ＝１～３％，脊的高与宽受大断面及单模的制约。Ｓｉ的晶体结构使脊的二个腐蚀侧壁是斜坡，为此起始脊宽取５～６μｍ为宜；腐蚀液，抛光液的选取人保证脊则壁及波导面端的优良镜     

A Short Review of the Theory of Hard Exclusive Processes

We first present an introduction to the theory of hard exclusive processes. We then illustrate this theory by a few selected examples. The last part is devoted to the most recent developments in the asymptotical energy limit.     

利用微扰法分析两个相互耦合的参量四波混频过程

利用微扰法在旋转波近似下分析了铷原子中两个独立的参量四波混频过程和一个耦合的参量四波混频过程.当用超短激光脉冲相干激发这两个参量四波混频过程时,两个过程就会同时出现并且存在相互耦合作用.微扰分析表明,耦合的参量四波混频信号中可以观察到量子拍,量子拍幅度的大小不仅取决于超短脉冲的特性,而且依赖于两个耦合的参量四波混频过程中的相位匹配.     

基于自适应共振神经网络的单粒子激光电离质谱数据分析

气溶胶激光飞行时间质谱仪(ALUOFMS)可以在线地对气溶胶单粒子进行物理和化学特性分析,利用双束连续激光对单个粒子的空气动力学粒径进行测量,并通过飞行时间完成单粒子化学成分的检测。该仪器在运行过程中将产生海量的实验数据,对这些数据快速、自动处理并提取有价值的信息是整机系统的关键之一。文章介绍了基于神经网络的自适应共振算法(ART-2a)在随机混和的氯化钠、氯化钙、邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯(DOP)和2,5二羟基苯甲酸(DHB)气溶胶单粒子聚类分析中的成功运用。同以往的质谱分析方法相比,ART-2a可以实现对任意多和任意复杂的输入模式进行自组织,自适应和自稳定的快速识别,更有利于质谱数据的分析。实验结果表明,当警戒值为0.40,学习速率为0.05以及迭代次数为6时,ART-2a可以成功地对这四种物质进行分类,同时得到4类物质的聚类中心,每类的聚类中心都能很好的代表该类物质的特征。     

An Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Discrete-Time Alternating Quantum Walk and Advanced Encryption Standard

This paper proposes an image encryption scheme based on a discrete-time alternating quantum walk (AQW) and the advanced encryption standard (AES). We use quantum properties to improve the AES algorithm, which uses a keystream generator related to AQW parameters to generate a probability distribution matrix. Some singular values of the matrix are extracted as the key to the AES algorithm. The Rcon of the AES algorithm is replaced with the elements of the probability distribution matrix. Then, the ascending order of the size of the clone probability distribution matrix scrambles the mapping rules of the S-box and ShiftRow transformations in the AES algorithm. The algorithm uses a probability distribution matrix and plaintext XOR operation to complete the preprocessing and uses the modified AES algorithm to complete the encryption process. The technology is based on simulation verification, including pixel correlation, histograms, differential attacks, noise attacks, information entropy, key sensitivity, and space. The results demonstrate a remarkable encryption effect. Compared with other improved AES algorithms, this algorithm has the advantages of the original AES algorithm and improves the ability to resist correlation attacks.     

电子转移速率理论研究：运动谱窄化所导致的非马尔可夫电子转移过程

严格的速率方程理论得到的总是非马尔可夫的，可是大部分实验都可以用马尔可夫的、即传统的速率常数基础上的反应动力学方程来描述．针对这一问题研究了电子转移过程中的马尔可夫/非马尔可夫特性．以最简单的两态电子转移反应为体系，以其在德拜溶剂中的严格动力学解为标定，采用光谱领域著名的Kubo运动谱窄化线型函数及其特性参数来描述电子转移过程中的马尔可夫/非马尔可夫本质．该马尔可夫特性参数是相干转移耦合与溶剂环境涨落相互影响共同作用的结果，以它为基础说明了大部分实验确实可以通过传统的速率方程来描述，而非马尔可夫速率过程最     

基于Mie散射理论的颗粒粒度分布转换

使用动态光散射法可以获得颗粒的光强加权平均粒径,以及光强加权颗粒粒度分布。为获得数量或体积加权颗粒粒度分布,提出从光强分布到数量分布转换的直接比值法。该方法首先依据Mie散射理论求解不同粒径颗粒的散射光强,然后将光强分布与对应颗粒的散射光强进行比对,获得颗粒的数量分布,进而得到颗粒的体积分布。使用动态光散射法测量得到聚苯乙烯乳胶球混合样品的光强分布,利用直接比值法将光强分布转换为数量分布和体积分布,并与扫描电子显微镜测量的数量分布进行了对比,实验数据表明采用直接比值法能够获得准确的数量分布。     

Adaptive Function Projective Synchronization of Discrete-Time Chaotic Systems

By backstepping control law and the active control method, adaptive function projective synchronization of 2D and 3D discrete-time chaotic systems with Uncertain parameters are investigated. To illustrate the effectiveness of the new scheme, some numerical examples are given.     

基于BRDF理论的散射光谱加和性研究

依据双向反射分布函数理论,推导出散射光谱的加和性原理。散射光谱加和性是指对于材质质点之间无相互作用的平面漫反射体系,在光源与入射面材质不存在干涉、衍射、荧光、光谱上转换和光谱下转换等相互转换作用,且无光化学现象及非线性效应发生的前提下,且符合能量守恒定律的同时,由单光源或多光源照射的材料的散射光谱,等于该材料中每种材质的散射光谱的线性叠加。实验上,以几种材料的散射光谱为例,通过改变探测条件、照明条件和材质比例,进行了散射光谱加和性的实验验证,并且针对实验结果进行了误差分析。单光源条件下的最大实验误差为2.64%,多光源条件下则为2.35%,加和计算偏差均在实验误差允许范围内。由此证明了材料的散射光谱具有加和性,不受组成的材质差异性、材质的面积比例组合多样性、以及实验条件多变性影响。散射光谱加和性的首次提出,不仅为基于散射光谱的复杂结构体的特征提取及识别研究提供了确切的理论依据和有效的分析方法,而且对相关的实验分析和应用研究有着重要的借鉴和参考意义。     

光纤光栅带内色散特性的离散时域分析

采用多层介质的离散传输线模型表型光纤光栅响应特性，并利用数字信号处理方法对光纤光栅的相位特性进行了分析，研究了用于密集波分复用窄带滤波的变迹光纤光栅的带内色散特性，表明对称变迹光纤光栅的幅度响应与相位响应之间满足希尔伯特变换关系，幅度响应越接近理想的矩形，带内色散越大。并采用耦合模理论数值计算了对称变迹的光纤光栅的反射相位响应和带内群时延情况，验证了分析结果。     

The Quantum Reverse Shannon Theorem Based on One-Shot Information Theory

The Quantum Reverse Shannon Theorem states that any quantum channel can be simulated by an unlimited amount of shared entanglement and an amount of classical communication equal to the channel’s entanglement assisted classical capacity. In this paper, we provide a new proof of this theorem, which has previously been proved by Bennett, Devetak, Harrow, Shor, and Winter. Our proof has a clear structure being based on two recent information-theoretic results: one-shot Quantum State Merging and the Post-Selection Technique for quantum channels.     

The Interface Kinetics of Crystal Growth Processes

A brief review of the present state of our understanding of the kinetic processes which take place on the atomic scale at the interface during crystal growth is presented in this paper. Computer simulations have played a central role in the development of this understanding. Three aspects will be discussed:(1) There are two classes of materials based on their different modes of crystallization. Molecular dynamics modeling has demonstrated that the growth rate for many simple materials is not thermally activated, but instead depends on the thermal velocity of the atoms.(2) The cooperative processes which give rise to the surface roughening transition. Kinetic Monte Carlo studies played a central role in the development of our understanding of how interface roughness dominates growth morphologies.(3) Solute trapping in alloys. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of alloys have led to an understanding of these kinetic effects during alloy crystallization.     

Spatial Modeling of Precipitation Based on Data-Driven Warping of Gaussian Processes

Modeling and forecasting spatiotemporal patterns of precipitation is crucial for managing water resources and mitigating water-related hazards. Globally valid spatiotemporal models of precipitation are not available. This is due to the intermittent nature, non-Gaussian distribution, and complex geographical dependence of precipitation processes. Herein we propose a data-driven model of precipitation amount which employs a novel, data-driven (non-parametric) implementation of warped Gaussian processes. We investigate the proposed warped Gaussian process regression (wGPR) using (i) a synthetic test function contaminated with non-Gaussian noise and (ii) a reanalysis dataset of monthly precipitation from the Mediterranean island of Crete. Cross-validation analysis is used to establish the advantages of non-parametric warping for the interpolation of incomplete data. We conclude that wGPR equipped with the proposed data-driven warping provides enhanced flexibility and—at least for the cases studied– improved predictive accuracy for non-Gaussian data.