TiC-Ni系高温自润滑金属陶瓷的研究

本文利用中频热压烧结法制备了TiC-Ni、TiC-Ni-Mo和TiC-Ni-MO-WC3种高温自润滑性金属陶瓷材料。栓-盘摩擦磨损试验结果表明,TiC-Ni-Mo金属陶瓷的高温自润滑性最好,其在600℃时的摩擦系数为0.19,磨损率为1.14×10~(-14)m~3/N·m,偶件(材料W18Cr4V,HRC62)的磨损率为0.069×10~(-14)m~3/N·m。作者指出,这类材料的高温自润滑性与其摩擦表面上生成的氧化膜的组成和结构相关。此外,本文还就Mo、WC对材料物理机械性能的影响进行了探讨。     

Ag-Cu-MoS2复合材料的真空载流磨损性能

采用粉末冶金方法制备了含有不同Cu质量分数(2%~4%)的Ag-Cu-MoS_2复合材料,并对其力学性能、电学性能和真空载流磨损性能进行了研究.结果表明:较高Cu质量分数的Ag-Cu-MoS_2复合材料表现出较高的硬度和抗弯强度;中等Cu质量分数(2.5%和3%)的Ag-Cu-MoS_2复合材料电刷表现出较低的电压降和电噪声;滑动速度的增加会降低材料间的接触稳定性,进而导致较高的电压降和较大的电噪声.在真空载流条件下与Ag合金盘滑动摩擦过程,不同Cu质量分数的Ag-Cu-MoS_2复合材料电刷均表现出较低的磨损,其磨损率在1×10~(–14)m~3/(N·m)~2.5×10~(–14)m~3/(N·m)范围,其磨损机理主要为疲劳磨损以及黏着磨损.     

高温用镶嵌型固体润滑材料的研制及其摩擦磨损性能的考察

研制了几种可以在大气中直至300℃下使用的镶嵌型固体润滑材料,考察了胶粘剂、添加剂、湿度和温度等对固体润滑剂热膨胀性能及镶嵌材料摩擦磨损性能的影响。作者采用的“栓(球)-盘”试验方法,可以定性地比较固体润滑剂对金属的转移性能,加快了镶嵌用固体润滑剂配方的筛选进程。试验结果表明,3号配方的镶嵌试样在250和300℃时的比磨损分别为7.8×10~(-13)mm/Pa·m和16.2×10~(-13)mm/Pa·m,最大摩擦系数为0.42。通过X-射线衍射分析认为,这种材料在高温下的高摩擦现象应归因于摩擦表面氧化产生的Cu_2O。     

Fe3Si金属间化合物在干摩擦及水润滑条件下的摩擦学性能研究

利用高能球磨和热压烧结工艺制备了Fe3Si有序金属间化合物块体材料,考察了其与Si3N4配副时在干摩擦和水润滑条件下的摩擦学性能.结果表明,在干摩擦条件下Fe3Si/Si3N4摩擦副表现出很高的摩擦系数,Fe3Si与Si3N4的磨损率分别为1.408×10-14m^3/（N.m）和4.735×10-16m^3/（N.m）,两者相差近2个数量级;在水润滑条件下,Fe3Si的磨损率下降而Si3N4的磨损率上升,两者磨损率分别为7.406×10-15m^3/（N.m）和2.522×10-15m^3/（N.m）.另外,在水润滑条件下的摩擦化学产物对Fe3Si的摩擦学性能影响显著.     

油润滑条件下Pb和Sn及Pb-Sn-Cu软金属刷镀层的摩擦磨损特性之研究

采用电刷镀方法制取了含Cu量分别为1.7、5.7和11.5％(wt,下同)的3种Pb-Sn-Cu三元镀层,以及Sn、Pb两种单金属镀层,并在MM-200型摩擦磨损试验机上于20号机油滴油润滑下就这些软金属镀层的摩擦磨损性能作了对比试验,且对含Cu量为1.7％的Pb-Sn-Cu镀层的摩擦学特性随其厚度的变化作了进一步的研究。结果表明,在载荷为20MPa和滑动速度为0.6m/s的条件下,含Cu量为1.7％之三元镀层的摩擦磨损性能最好,而以含Cu量为11.5％之三元镀层的最差;在载荷为12.5MPa和滑动速度为0.6m/s的条件下,只有当厚度较大(>10μm)时,软金属镀层才具有低的摩擦系数和较长的磨损寿命。在Pb-Sn合金中添加适量(如1.7～5.7％)的Cu,可以提高镀层的耐磨性、承载能力和润滑性,但Cu含量太高(如11.5％)却会使镀层的润滑性和耐磨性变差。     

干摩擦条件下铜-石墨复合材料与ZQAl9-4铝青铜的磨损图研究

考察了铜-石墨复合材料和商品ZQAl9-4铝青铜材料在干摩擦条件下的室温摩擦磨损性能,得出了两者的磨损图.结果表明:铜-石墨复合材料表现出优异的减摩性能;铜-石墨材料的磨损体系可以分为轻微磨损(磨损率小于1×10-4 mm3/m)、中等磨损(1×10-4~1×10-3 mm3/m)和严重磨损(磨损率大于1×10-3 mm3/m)3个区域,而ZQAl9-4铝青铜的磨损体系可分为轻微磨损、中等磨损和咬合3个区域;在载荷小于5 N,滑动速度处于0.005~0.05 m/s时,铜-石墨复合材料表现出比铝青铜更优异的耐磨性.     

Cu改性C/C-SiC摩擦材料组织结构及摩擦磨损性能研究

以全网胎针刺整体毡为预制体,采用Cu粉与Si粉共同熔渗的工艺制备了Cu改性C/C-SiC摩擦材料,并且在MM-1000型惯性摩擦试验机上分别进行了不同速度下的制动试验.研究了Cu改性C/C-SiC摩擦材料的组织结构及摩擦磨损性能,研究结果表明:当初始转速为1 500 r/min时,Cu改性C/C-SiC摩擦材料摩擦系数为0.306,自身与对偶件的线性磨损率分别为0.036μm/(side.cycle),0.048μm/(side.cycle);当初始转速增加到6 500 r/min时,材料的摩擦系数减小到0.24,其自身与对偶件的线磨损率分别增加到1.87μm/(side.cycle),1.68μm/(side.cycle),其值均低于典型C/C-SiC摩擦材料,表明Cu改性C/C-SiC摩擦材料耐磨减摩效果优异,且在低速工况下更为显著.转速为1 500 r/min时磨粒磨损起主导作用;转速为3 000～4 500 r/min时,磨粒磨损以及黏着磨损共同主导着摩擦行为;转速为4 500～6 500 r/min制动时主要表现为氧化磨损与剥层磨损.     

超导体YBa2Cu3O7-δ的摩擦学特性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备YBa2Cu3O7-δ和Ag/YBa2Cu3O7-δ超导材料,并分析其相组成及结构,用SFT-4000型高真空超低温摩擦磨损试验机对其从室温至液氮温度范围内的摩擦学特性进行评价.结果表明：在室温条件下,YBa2Cu3O7-δ与不锈钢盘对摩时的摩擦系数在0.50左右,当温度降到超导转变温度以下时,其摩擦系数急剧降低至0.13,最后稳定在0.20以下.添加Ag可以改善YBa2Cu3O7-δ的常温摩擦磨损性能,Ag/YBa2Cu3O7-δ复合材料的摩擦系数低且非常平稳,其中10%Ag/YBa2Cu3O7-δ的摩擦系数为0.20,磨损率为8.96×10-5mm3/（N.m）,Ag/YBa2Cu3O7-δ的磨损机制为YBa2Cu3O7-δ硬基底承载与软金属Ag转移膜的润滑作用.     

MoSi2-Mo5Si3-Mo5SiB2/SiC配对副的摩擦磨损性能

MoSi₂-Mo₅Si₃-Mo₅SiB₂复合材料是一种很有发展前景的高温耐磨材料,但MoSi₂-Mo₅Si₃-Mo₅SiB₂/SiC配对副的干滑动摩擦磨损性能尚不清楚. 本文中通过销-盘式干滑动摩擦磨损试验,考察了MoSi₂-Mo₅Si₃-Mo₅SiB₂/SiC配对副在不同温度(25~1 000 ℃)和载荷下(2.5~10 N)的摩擦学特性. 结果表明:试验温度和载荷对MoSi₂-Mo₅Si₃-Mo₅SiB₂/SiC配对副的摩擦系数影响较大,而对其磨损率影响较小. 载荷为5 N时,在25~1 000 ℃区间,摩擦系数和磨损率分别在0.11~0.43和0.513×10-7~0.544×10-7 mm3/(N·m)范围;在25~400 ℃时,磨损机制以轻微的氧化和黏着磨损为主,在600~1 000 ℃磨损机制主要表现为严重的氧化和黏着磨损. 在1 000 ℃时,随着载荷(2.5~10 N)的增加,摩擦系数和磨损率分别为0.29~0.38和0.540×10-7~0.547×10-7 mm3/(N·m);载荷为2.5~10 N时,始终存在黏着和氧化磨损;载荷为7.5~10 N时,材料磨损表面还伴随碾压塑性变形的特征.      

聚酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦性能及其机理研究

研究了含有固体润滑剂的炭纤维增强 PI复合材料在干摩擦和水润滑 2种状态下的摩擦磨损性能及其磨损机理 .结果表明 ,在水润滑条件下 ,摩擦系数和磨损率都有不同程度的降低 ,其中含 PTFE的炭纤维增强 PI复合材料的耐磨性最佳 ,最低磨损率为 9.9× 10 - 7mm3/ N· m.其主要原因可能与材料存在极性酰胺基团有关 ,酰胺基易通过氢键与水分子结合 ,在摩擦表面形成水吸附膜 ,使摩擦表面直接接触减少 ,从而改善材料的摩擦磨损性能     

The 7th International Conference on Fluid Mechanics May 24-27,2015,Qingdao,China

正http://www.icfm7.org First Announcement and Call for PapersThe objective of International Conference on Fluid Mechanics(ICFM)is to provide a forum for researchers to exchange new ideas and recent advances in the fields of theoretical,experimental,computational Fluid Mechanics as well as interdisciplinary subjects.It was successfully convened by the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics(CSTAM)in Beijing(1987,     

INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Contributions： The Journal, Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, is pleased to receive papers from engineers and scientists working in various aspects of solid mechanics. All contributions are subject to critical review prior to acceptance and publication.     

Preface

This special issue of PARTICUOLOGY is devoted to the first UK-China Particle Technology Forum taking place in Leeds, UK, on 1-3 April 2007. The forum was initiated by a number of UK and Chinese leading academics and organised by the University of Leeds in collaboration with Chinese Society of Particuology, Particle Technology Subject Group （PTSG） of the Institution of Chemical Engineers （IChemE）, Particle Characterisation Interest Group （PCIG） of the Royal Society of Chemistry （RSC） and International Fine Particle Research Institute （IFPRI）. The forum was supported financially by the Engineering and Physics Sciences Research Council （EPSRC） of United Kingdom,     

基于鲁棒滤波的捷联导引头视线角速度估计方法

针对捷联导引头无法直接获取视线角速度等信息的问题,研究了鲁棒滤波在大气层外飞行器捷联导引头视线角速度估计中的应用。为了建立非线性滤波估计模型,考虑目标视线角速度的慢变特性,采用一阶马尔科夫模型建立了状态方程;推导了视线角速度的解耦模型,并建立了量测方程;考虑到实际应用中存在系统噪声统计特性失准的问题,基于Huber-Based鲁棒滤波方法,设计了视线角速度滤波器,并完成了基于Huber-Based滤波方法和扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的数学仿真。仿真结果表明Huber-Based滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度分别达到0.1140'、0.1423'/s、0.0203'/s2,而扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度仅分别为0.6577'、0.6415'/s、0.0979'/s~2。仿真结果证明了该方法可以有效地估计出相对视线角速度等信息,并且在非高斯噪声的条件下,依然可获得较高的估计精度,具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Guide for authors

正Each of the sections below provides essential information for authors.We recommend that you take the time to read them before submitting a contribution to Acta Mechanica Sinica.We hope our guide to authors may help you navigate to the appropriate section.How to prepare a submission This document provides an outline of the editorial process involved in publishing a scientific paper in Acta Mechanica     

Use specification of multiscale materials for life spanned over macro-, micro-, nano-, and pico-scale

Multiscale material intends to enhance the strength and life of mechanical systems by matching the transmitted spatiotemporal energy distribution to the constituents at the different scale, say—macro, micro, nano, and pico,—, depending on the needs. Lower scale entities are, particularly, critical to small size systems. Large structures are less sensitive to microscopic effects. Scale shifting laws will be developed for relating test data from nano-, micro-, and macro-specimens. The benefit of reinforcement at the lower scale constituents needs to be justified at the macroscopic scale. Filling the void and space in regions of high energy density is considered.Material inhomogeneity interacts with specimen size. Their combined effect is non-equilibrium. Energy exchange between the environment and specimen becomes increasingly more significant as the specimen size is reduced. Perturbation of the operational conditions can further aggravate the situation. Scale transitional functions and/or f_j/j+1 are introduced to quantify these characteristics. They are represented, respectively, by , and (f_mi/ma,f_na/mi,f_pi/na). The abbreviations pi, na, mi, and ma refer to pico, nano, micro and macro.Local damage is assumed to initiate at a small scale, grows to a larger scale, and terminate at an even larger scale. The mechanism of energy absorption and dissipation will be introduced to develop a consistent book keeping system. Compaction of mass density for constituents of size 10⁻¹², 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁶, 10⁻³ m, will be considered. Energy dissipation at all scales must be accounted for. Dissipations at the smaller scale must not only be included but they must abide by the same physical and mathematical interpretation, in order to avoid inconsistencies when making connections with those at the larger scale where dissipations are eminent.Three fundamental Problems I, II, and III are stated. They correspond to the commonly used service conditions. Reference is made to a Representative Tip (RT), the location where energy absorption and dissipation takes place. The RT can be a crack tip or a particle. At the larger size scales, RT can refer to a region. Scale shifting of results from the very small to the very large is needed to identify the benefit of using multiscale materials.